太阳扇（Scaevola aemula）对环境胁迫的生理响应研究
摘要
太阳扇(译名)(Scaevola aemula)是一种优良的多年生观赏花卉,原产澳大利亚,具有生长快、适应性较强、易养护、即年开花、花量大、花期长、花形美观、颜色鲜艳而丰富等特点。2006年由国家林业局"948"项目引种到我国的重庆、湖北进行适应性栽植。由于太阳扇原产地的环境条件与我国的差异较大,因此开展太阳扇在我国的生理适应性研究对于太阳扇的引种具有重要意义。通过进行太阳扇扦插苗光照、高温、水分胁迫试验,研究了光照、高温、水分胁迫对太阳扇形态特性及其生理变化的影响,确定太阳扇对不同环境条件的生理适应能力,探讨了太阳扇扦插苗对光照、高温、水分胁迫的响应机制,为太阳扇引种及资源评价提供理论依据,为我国太阳扇引种地的环境条件选择提供参考。
通过高温胁迫试验,研究不同温度条件下太阳扇的生长特性及叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛、抗氧化酶体系等生理指标的变化,探讨太阳扇对高温条件的适应能力和生理响应机制。结果表明,高温胁迫对太阳扇形态和生理特性均具有较大的影响,随胁迫温度的升高,太阳扇植株的受害指数呈现上升趋势；Chla、Chlb、Car、Chla/Chlb、Chl(total)等色素及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等渗透调节物质呈先上升后下降的趋势,而MDA、脯氨酸含量及POD活性先下降后上升,SOD、CAT活性和Car/Chl(total)比值则逐渐升高。随处理时间的延长,太阳扇扦插苗的多数生理指标呈规律性变化。35℃高温处理时,脯氨酸含量随处理时间的延长而逐渐下降,而可溶性蛋白含量和SOD活性呈先下降后上升的趋势。在40℃高温处理时,可溶性糖和叶绿素含量随处理时间的延长逐渐升高,可溶性蛋白含量和SOD、POD活性逐渐下降,脯氨酸含量先下降后上升,而MDA含量先上升后下降。46℃高温处理时,随着胁迫时间的延长,太阳扇扦插苗表现出明显的损伤状况,叶片变小并萎蔫,逐渐趋于死亡,受害指数与对照有极显著的差异性(p<0.01);随着处理时间的延长,Chla, Chlb, Car, Chl(total)和可溶性蛋白含量含量逐渐下降：而MDA、脯氨酸含量和CAT、POD、SOD活性呈上升趋势：可溶性糖含量先下降后升高,处理3d后,变为对照的1.5倍。相关分析表明,太阳扇的生理指标间均存在显著的相关关系,对高温胁迫具有协同的响应能力。高温胁迫能抑制太阳扇的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素等产生,诱导Pro、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等渗透调节物质和CAT、POD、SOD等酶的生成,形成应对高温胁迫的协同生理响应体系。
通过水分胁迫试验,研究不同水分条件下太阳扇的生长特性及叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛、抗氧化酶体系等生理指标的变化,探讨太阳扇对水分条件的适应能力和生理响应机制。结果表明,水分胁迫对太阳扇形态和生理特性均具有较大的影响,随水分胁迫程度的加剧,太阳扇表现出强烈的受害症状；随水分胁迫时间的延长,太阳扇受害指数增大,株叶片变小、颜色变浅。在持续干旱条件下,随着土壤水分的迅速降低,叶片逐渐枯萎、最后死亡；在淹水处理下,叶片边缘呈现坏死症状。在持续干旱处理时,随处理时间延长,Chla、Chlb、Chi (Total)迅速降低,最终分别降至对照的81.6%,94.4%,84.5%；类胡萝卜素含量下降；Chla/Chlb、Car/Chl(Total)、POD呈先上升后下降的趋势；MDA含量呈降-升-降的变化趋势：可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量随着胁迫时间的延长先下降后上升：脯氨酸含量、CAT、SOD均随时间的延长逐渐升高,且CAT活性在各个时期均高于对照,SOD活性持续上升为对照的1.3倍。淹水处理下,随处理时间延长,Chla、Chlb、Chi (Total)持续降低,最终分别降为对照的83.8%,99.7%,87.4%；类胡萝卜素含量、POD均呈现升-降-升的变化趋势；Chla/chlb、Car/chl(Total)、SOD舌性均呈先上升后下降的趋势;MDA、可溶性蛋白质均呈现降-升-降的变化趋势；可溶性糖含量先降低后升高；脯氨酸含量、CAT活性随着时间的延长逐渐升高,且CAT活性在各个时期均高于对照,脯氨酸最大值分别为对照的1.7倍。相关分析表明,太阳扇的生理指标间均存在显著的相关关系,对水分胁迫具有协同的响应能力。水分胁迫能抑制太阳扇的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素等产生,诱导Pro、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等渗透调节物质和CAT、POD、SOD等酶的生成,形成应对水分胁迫的协同生理响应体系。
通过光照胁迫试验,研究不同光照强度对太阳扇的生长特性及叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛、抗氧化酶体系等生理指标的影响,探讨太阳扇对不同光照条件的适应能力和生理响应机制。结果表明,光照胁迫对太阳扇形态和生理特性均具有较大的影响,随着透光率的降低和胁迫时间的延长,植株叶片数逐渐变多、叶面积变小、植株变细,植株的受害指数逐渐变高。在透光率为18.5%时,植株逐渐死亡,与对照有极显著的差异性(p=0.000);随着透光率的降低,Chla, Chlb, Car, Chl(Total)显著增加,Chla/chlb显著减小,Car/(Total)呈现先下降后上升再下降的变化趋势；MDA含量先上升后下降,峰值为对照的1.3倍；可溶性蛋白逐渐增加,峰值约为对照的1.5倍；可溶性糖含量逐渐降低,均低于对照：脯氨酸随着处理时间的延长呈现上升趋势；SOD活性先上升后下降,峰值约为对照的2.2和5.3倍；POD活性呈现逐渐上升的变化趋势。相关分析表明,太阳扇的生理指标间均存在显著的相关关系,各生理指标对光照胁迫具有协同的响应能力。光照胁迫能抑制太阳扇的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素等产生,诱导Pro、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等渗透调节物质和CAT、POD、SOD等酶的生成,形成应对光照胁迫的协同生理响应体系。
Sunfan originated from Australia, is excellent perennial ornamental flower. With the characteristic of fast growth, good adaptability, easy maintenance, blossom in every year, much flowers, long flowering period, floriated beautiful, bright red and rich color and so on. It was introduced and planted in Chongqing and hubei province by 948 project of State Bureau of Forestry. Because of big variance between the origin and our country in climate, soil, environment and so on, it is great important for introduction to have research on physiological adaptation of sunfan in our country. The experiments of light, high temperature, water stress on cutting seedlings of sunfan were conducted to study the effect of morphological characteristics and physiological response of Scaevola aemula under light stress, high temperature stress, water stress. And physiological adaptive capacity under different environment condition was confirmed and mechanism of response of cutting seedling of sunfan to light, high temperature and water stress was explored. It provided theory reference for introduction and resource assessment of Sceavola aemula. And it also was reference for the choice of environment condition for introduction place of sunfan.
The experiment of high temperature stress was used to study the variance of physiological index, such as growth characteristic, chlorophyll, soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline, MDA, antioxidant enzymes system, and so on. And the experiment was also used to explore adaptation and physiological response mechanism of sun fan to the high temperature. The results indicated that high temperature stress has large impact on morphology and physiological character of sunfan. As temperature arise. injury index showed a rising trend; Pigment like Chla, Chlb, Ca, Chla/Chlb, Chl(total) and osmoregulation substance like soluble protein, soluble sugar were rising first and then descended. While MDA, Pro, and POD activity descending first and the rising. And SOD, CAT activity,Car/Chl(total) were rising. With the elongation of treatment time, Most of physiological index of cutting seedlings showed regular variation. The content of Pro descended gradually when was treated at 35℃, while content of soluble protein and SOD activity first descended and then went arise. When was treated at 40℃,the content of pigment and chlorophyll gradually elevates With the elongation of treatment time. The content of soluble protein, SOD, and POD decline gradually. The content of pro declined first and then went arise. However, the content of MDA showed the opposite variation trend. When was treated at 46℃, cutting seedling showed obvious damage status with the elongation of treatment time. small leaves, wilt and tend to death. And it was very significant difference in injury index compared to control; The content of Chla, Chlb, Car, Chl(total) and soluble protein declined gradually with the time prolonged. But content of MDA, Pro and CAT、POD、SOD activity showed rising trend; the content of soluble sugar descend first and then increased with 1.5 higher than control after 3 days treatment. Correlation analysis indicated that it has significantly correlation between physiological index, which indicated that it has cooperative response capacity to high temperature stress. The production of chlorophyll and carotenoid was inhibited. osmoregulation substance such as soluble sugar, soluble protein and CAT、POD、SOD activity was induced by high temperature stress. And the response system of cooperative physiology to the high temperature stress of sunfan was formed.
Through water stress experiments, the changes of some physiological indices including Chlorophyll, soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline, MDA, and antioxidant enzymes system of Sunfan under different water condition were studied, as well as changes of growth properties of Sunfan, to discuss Sunfan'adaptability and physiological response mechanism under different water condition. The results showed that water stress have greater effect on Sunfan' morphological and physiological characteristics. The Sunfan showed strong injury symptom as water stress intensified; with the extension of time, injury indices increased, leaves become smaller and their color became shallow. Under continuous drought conditions, leaves withered gradually and finally died with rapid decrease of soil water; with the flooded treatment, the edges of leaves had necrosis symptoms. With the natural drought treatment, Chla, Chlb and Chl(Total) all decreased rapidly to 81.6%,94.4%, 84.5% of the control; the content of carotenoids decreased; Chla/Chlb、Car/Chl(Total)、POD all first increased then declined; The content of MDA presented down-up-down trend; The content of soluble sugar, soluble protein all first declined and then increased; The content of proline, CAT、SOD all presented a rising trend with the increase of time, and CAT was higher than control in each time and SOD was 1.3 times as many as the control. With the flooded treatment, as process time increased. Chla, Chlb and Chl(Total) all decreased to 83.8%,99.7%,87.4% of control:the content of carotenoid, POD all presented decreased-increased-decreased trend; Chla/chlb、Car/chI(Total)、SOD all showed trend of that first increased then declined; MDA and soluble protein all presented down-up-down trend; Soluble sugar first decreased then increased; The activity of CAT and proline all presented a rising trend with the increasing of time, and CAT was higher than the control in each time and the content of proline was 1.7 time as many as the control. Correlation analysis indicated that it has significantly correlation between physiological index, which indicated that it has cooperative response capacity to water stress. The production of chlorophyll and carotenoid was inhibited. osmoregulation substance such as soluble sugar, soluble protein and CAT、POD、SOD activity was induced by water stress. And the response system of cooperative physiology to water stress of sunfan was formed.
The experiment of different light intensity on sunfan was used to study the variance of physiological index, such as growth characteristic, chlorophyll, soluble Protein, soluble sugar proline, MDA, antioxidant enzymes system, and so on. And the experiment was also used to explorer adaptation and physiological response mechanism of sunfan under different light intensity. The results indicated that different light intensity has big impact on morphology and physiological characteristic of sunfan. As light transmittance declined, and the time prolonged. More leaves, small leaf area, fine plant and the injury index became higher. It has significant difference compare to control, and the plant was nearly to death under serious stress when was treated at light transmittance of 18.5%; As transmittance declined, Chla, Chlb, Car, Chl(Total) increased significantly, Chla/chlb reduced evidently, and Car/(Total) decreased firstly, then went arise and decreased again:The content of MDA went increased. first and then decreased When was treated at serious stress (18.5%), the peak was 1.3 higher than the control; Soluble protein increased with 1.5 higher than control; Soluble sugar decreased gradually and was lower than the control; Content of Proline increased with the time prolonged; SOD activity increased first and then decreased, and the peak was about 5.3 higher than control. POD activity showed rising trend. Correlation analysis indicated that it has significantly correlation between physiological index, which indicated that it has cooperative response capacity to different light intensity. The production of chlorophyll and carotenoid was inhibited. osmoregulation substance such as soluble sugar, soluble protein and CAT、POD、SOD activity was induced by weak light. And the response system of cooperative physiology to different light intensity of sunfan was formed.
通过高温胁迫试验,研究不同温度条件下太阳扇的生长特性及叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛、抗氧化酶体系等生理指标的变化,探讨太阳扇对高温条件的适应能力和生理响应机制。结果表明,高温胁迫对太阳扇形态和生理特性均具有较大的影响,随胁迫温度的升高,太阳扇植株的受害指数呈现上升趋势；Chla、Chlb、Car、Chla/Chlb、Chl(total)等色素及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等渗透调节物质呈先上升后下降的趋势,而MDA、脯氨酸含量及POD活性先下降后上升,SOD、CAT活性和Car/Chl(total)比值则逐渐升高。随处理时间的延长,太阳扇扦插苗的多数生理指标呈规律性变化。35℃高温处理时,脯氨酸含量随处理时间的延长而逐渐下降,而可溶性蛋白含量和SOD活性呈先下降后上升的趋势。在40℃高温处理时,可溶性糖和叶绿素含量随处理时间的延长逐渐升高,可溶性蛋白含量和SOD、POD活性逐渐下降,脯氨酸含量先下降后上升,而MDA含量先上升后下降。46℃高温处理时,随着胁迫时间的延长,太阳扇扦插苗表现出明显的损伤状况,叶片变小并萎蔫,逐渐趋于死亡,受害指数与对照有极显著的差异性(p<0.01);随着处理时间的延长,Chla, Chlb, Car, Chl(total)和可溶性蛋白含量含量逐渐下降：而MDA、脯氨酸含量和CAT、POD、SOD活性呈上升趋势：可溶性糖含量先下降后升高,处理3d后,变为对照的1.5倍。相关分析表明,太阳扇的生理指标间均存在显著的相关关系,对高温胁迫具有协同的响应能力。高温胁迫能抑制太阳扇的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素等产生,诱导Pro、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等渗透调节物质和CAT、POD、SOD等酶的生成,形成应对高温胁迫的协同生理响应体系。
通过水分胁迫试验,研究不同水分条件下太阳扇的生长特性及叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛、抗氧化酶体系等生理指标的变化,探讨太阳扇对水分条件的适应能力和生理响应机制。结果表明,水分胁迫对太阳扇形态和生理特性均具有较大的影响,随水分胁迫程度的加剧,太阳扇表现出强烈的受害症状；随水分胁迫时间的延长,太阳扇受害指数增大,株叶片变小、颜色变浅。在持续干旱条件下,随着土壤水分的迅速降低,叶片逐渐枯萎、最后死亡；在淹水处理下,叶片边缘呈现坏死症状。在持续干旱处理时,随处理时间延长,Chla、Chlb、Chi (Total)迅速降低,最终分别降至对照的81.6%,94.4%,84.5%；类胡萝卜素含量下降；Chla/Chlb、Car/Chl(Total)、POD呈先上升后下降的趋势；MDA含量呈降-升-降的变化趋势：可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量随着胁迫时间的延长先下降后上升：脯氨酸含量、CAT、SOD均随时间的延长逐渐升高,且CAT活性在各个时期均高于对照,SOD活性持续上升为对照的1.3倍。淹水处理下,随处理时间延长,Chla、Chlb、Chi (Total)持续降低,最终分别降为对照的83.8%,99.7%,87.4%；类胡萝卜素含量、POD均呈现升-降-升的变化趋势；Chla/chlb、Car/chl(Total)、SOD舌性均呈先上升后下降的趋势;MDA、可溶性蛋白质均呈现降-升-降的变化趋势；可溶性糖含量先降低后升高；脯氨酸含量、CAT活性随着时间的延长逐渐升高,且CAT活性在各个时期均高于对照,脯氨酸最大值分别为对照的1.7倍。相关分析表明,太阳扇的生理指标间均存在显著的相关关系,对水分胁迫具有协同的响应能力。水分胁迫能抑制太阳扇的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素等产生,诱导Pro、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等渗透调节物质和CAT、POD、SOD等酶的生成,形成应对水分胁迫的协同生理响应体系。
通过光照胁迫试验,研究不同光照强度对太阳扇的生长特性及叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛、抗氧化酶体系等生理指标的影响,探讨太阳扇对不同光照条件的适应能力和生理响应机制。结果表明,光照胁迫对太阳扇形态和生理特性均具有较大的影响,随着透光率的降低和胁迫时间的延长,植株叶片数逐渐变多、叶面积变小、植株变细,植株的受害指数逐渐变高。在透光率为18.5%时,植株逐渐死亡,与对照有极显著的差异性(p=0.000);随着透光率的降低,Chla, Chlb, Car, Chl(Total)显著增加,Chla/chlb显著减小,Car/(Total)呈现先下降后上升再下降的变化趋势；MDA含量先上升后下降,峰值为对照的1.3倍；可溶性蛋白逐渐增加,峰值约为对照的1.5倍；可溶性糖含量逐渐降低,均低于对照：脯氨酸随着处理时间的延长呈现上升趋势；SOD活性先上升后下降,峰值约为对照的2.2和5.3倍；POD活性呈现逐渐上升的变化趋势。相关分析表明,太阳扇的生理指标间均存在显著的相关关系,各生理指标对光照胁迫具有协同的响应能力。光照胁迫能抑制太阳扇的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素等产生,诱导Pro、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等渗透调节物质和CAT、POD、SOD等酶的生成,形成应对光照胁迫的协同生理响应体系。
Sunfan originated from Australia, is excellent perennial ornamental flower. With the characteristic of fast growth, good adaptability, easy maintenance, blossom in every year, much flowers, long flowering period, floriated beautiful, bright red and rich color and so on. It was introduced and planted in Chongqing and hubei province by 948 project of State Bureau of Forestry. Because of big variance between the origin and our country in climate, soil, environment and so on, it is great important for introduction to have research on physiological adaptation of sunfan in our country. The experiments of light, high temperature, water stress on cutting seedlings of sunfan were conducted to study the effect of morphological characteristics and physiological response of Scaevola aemula under light stress, high temperature stress, water stress. And physiological adaptive capacity under different environment condition was confirmed and mechanism of response of cutting seedling of sunfan to light, high temperature and water stress was explored. It provided theory reference for introduction and resource assessment of Sceavola aemula. And it also was reference for the choice of environment condition for introduction place of sunfan.
The experiment of high temperature stress was used to study the variance of physiological index, such as growth characteristic, chlorophyll, soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline, MDA, antioxidant enzymes system, and so on. And the experiment was also used to explore adaptation and physiological response mechanism of sun fan to the high temperature. The results indicated that high temperature stress has large impact on morphology and physiological character of sunfan. As temperature arise. injury index showed a rising trend; Pigment like Chla, Chlb, Ca, Chla/Chlb, Chl(total) and osmoregulation substance like soluble protein, soluble sugar were rising first and then descended. While MDA, Pro, and POD activity descending first and the rising. And SOD, CAT activity,Car/Chl(total) were rising. With the elongation of treatment time, Most of physiological index of cutting seedlings showed regular variation. The content of Pro descended gradually when was treated at 35℃, while content of soluble protein and SOD activity first descended and then went arise. When was treated at 40℃,the content of pigment and chlorophyll gradually elevates With the elongation of treatment time. The content of soluble protein, SOD, and POD decline gradually. The content of pro declined first and then went arise. However, the content of MDA showed the opposite variation trend. When was treated at 46℃, cutting seedling showed obvious damage status with the elongation of treatment time. small leaves, wilt and tend to death. And it was very significant difference in injury index compared to control; The content of Chla, Chlb, Car, Chl(total) and soluble protein declined gradually with the time prolonged. But content of MDA, Pro and CAT、POD、SOD activity showed rising trend; the content of soluble sugar descend first and then increased with 1.5 higher than control after 3 days treatment. Correlation analysis indicated that it has significantly correlation between physiological index, which indicated that it has cooperative response capacity to high temperature stress. The production of chlorophyll and carotenoid was inhibited. osmoregulation substance such as soluble sugar, soluble protein and CAT、POD、SOD activity was induced by high temperature stress. And the response system of cooperative physiology to the high temperature stress of sunfan was formed.
Through water stress experiments, the changes of some physiological indices including Chlorophyll, soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline, MDA, and antioxidant enzymes system of Sunfan under different water condition were studied, as well as changes of growth properties of Sunfan, to discuss Sunfan'adaptability and physiological response mechanism under different water condition. The results showed that water stress have greater effect on Sunfan' morphological and physiological characteristics. The Sunfan showed strong injury symptom as water stress intensified; with the extension of time, injury indices increased, leaves become smaller and their color became shallow. Under continuous drought conditions, leaves withered gradually and finally died with rapid decrease of soil water; with the flooded treatment, the edges of leaves had necrosis symptoms. With the natural drought treatment, Chla, Chlb and Chl(Total) all decreased rapidly to 81.6%,94.4%, 84.5% of the control; the content of carotenoids decreased; Chla/Chlb、Car/Chl(Total)、POD all first increased then declined; The content of MDA presented down-up-down trend; The content of soluble sugar, soluble protein all first declined and then increased; The content of proline, CAT、SOD all presented a rising trend with the increase of time, and CAT was higher than control in each time and SOD was 1.3 times as many as the control. With the flooded treatment, as process time increased. Chla, Chlb and Chl(Total) all decreased to 83.8%,99.7%,87.4% of control:the content of carotenoid, POD all presented decreased-increased-decreased trend; Chla/chlb、Car/chI(Total)、SOD all showed trend of that first increased then declined; MDA and soluble protein all presented down-up-down trend; Soluble sugar first decreased then increased; The activity of CAT and proline all presented a rising trend with the increasing of time, and CAT was higher than the control in each time and the content of proline was 1.7 time as many as the control. Correlation analysis indicated that it has significantly correlation between physiological index, which indicated that it has cooperative response capacity to water stress. The production of chlorophyll and carotenoid was inhibited. osmoregulation substance such as soluble sugar, soluble protein and CAT、POD、SOD activity was induced by water stress. And the response system of cooperative physiology to water stress of sunfan was formed.
The experiment of different light intensity on sunfan was used to study the variance of physiological index, such as growth characteristic, chlorophyll, soluble Protein, soluble sugar proline, MDA, antioxidant enzymes system, and so on. And the experiment was also used to explorer adaptation and physiological response mechanism of sunfan under different light intensity. The results indicated that different light intensity has big impact on morphology and physiological characteristic of sunfan. As light transmittance declined, and the time prolonged. More leaves, small leaf area, fine plant and the injury index became higher. It has significant difference compare to control, and the plant was nearly to death under serious stress when was treated at light transmittance of 18.5%; As transmittance declined, Chla, Chlb, Car, Chl(Total) increased significantly, Chla/chlb reduced evidently, and Car/(Total) decreased firstly, then went arise and decreased again:The content of MDA went increased. first and then decreased When was treated at serious stress (18.5%), the peak was 1.3 higher than the control; Soluble protein increased with 1.5 higher than control; Soluble sugar decreased gradually and was lower than the control; Content of Proline increased with the time prolonged; SOD activity increased first and then decreased, and the peak was about 5.3 higher than control. POD activity showed rising trend. Correlation analysis indicated that it has significantly correlation between physiological index, which indicated that it has cooperative response capacity to different light intensity. The production of chlorophyll and carotenoid was inhibited. osmoregulation substance such as soluble sugar, soluble protein and CAT、POD、SOD activity was induced by weak light. And the response system of cooperative physiology to different light intensity of sunfan was formed.
引文
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