发现式学习研究及CAI课件的实现
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摘要
发现学习自50年代就由布鲁纳提出,也一直为人们所认可,但在以
    知识传授为目的的课堂教学中却难有用武之地。本文在绪论部分,从传统
    课堂教学的教学过程各要素入手,分析了传统课堂教学实现发现学习困难
    的原因,并提出采用计算机多媒体技术来提供发现学习环境,以实现有效
    学习。第一章,从认知学习理论、建构主义学习理论和人本主义学习理论
    三个方面,探讨了对发现学习环境设计和实现的影响与支持,并认为多媒
    体技术是发现学习得以实现的物质基础。第二章主要讨论了发现学习的分
    类、发现学习环境设计的原则和发现学习的教学设计三个问题。提出了概
    念、规则和问题解决三种发现学习类型,以及与之对应的三种自主学习模
    式。第三章着重讨论了非智力因素中的动机、兴趣等对发现学习的影响。
    并就发现学习环境中如何激发、维持学习动机,如何提高动机水平,以及
    怎样培养学习兴趣等进行了较详细得论述。第四章结合具体的例子“多边
    形内角和”CAI课件,探讨了概念、规则和问题解决三种发现学习环境的
    设计和实现。第五章对本课题研究过程中的实验情况作了简单说明,并对
    课题中存在的问题以及待改进的方向作了交代。
Educational practitioners have recognized Discovery Learning
     ever since its advance by Bruner in the 1950s, but,it can hardly take
     any effect in knowledge-focused traditional classroom teaching. In
     the Introduction to this paper, by comparing the various elements
     of traditional classroom’s teachingprocedures, the author analyzes
     the reasons that hinder the application of Discovery Learning in
     traditional classroom teaching, and proposes to adopt multimedia
     computers to provide Discovery Learning environment so as to achieve
     effective learning. In Chapter One, the author explores the influences
     and supports of Cognitive learning theory, Constructivism learning
     theory and Humanism learning theory upon the design and realization
     of Discovery Learning environment. Chapter Two mainly discusses the
     categorization of Discovery Learning, the principles of Discovery
     Learning environment design, and the teaching design of Discovery
     Learning. The author advances three types of Discovery Learning
     concepts, regulations and problem solving and three
     corresponding autonomous learning models. Chapter Three focuses on
     the effects of non ntelligence elements such as motivation,
     interests, etc, upon Discovery Learning. It also expounds in detail
     such problems as how to activate and maintain learning motives in
     Discovery Learning environment, how to raise the motive level, and
     how to develop learning interests, etc. In Chapter Four, by
     displaying the CAl courseware of um of Polygon Interior Angles
     the author inquires into the design and the realization of the
     above entioned three types of Discovery Learning environment.
     Chapter Five offers a brief explanation of the research experiments,
     mentions the problems still existing in the research.
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