水葫芦厌氧发酵工艺的比较研究
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摘要
20世纪90年代以来,水葫芦的大量繁殖,引起了一系列的生态、环境和社会问题。我们总结和比较了国内外水葫芦厌氧发酵工艺。由于水葫芦含水率高,单相发酵存在体积膨胀,工艺存在着池容大、出料不便、易结壳、沼渣综合利用困难等问题。两相发酵存在消耗大量的水,氨氮、总磷能否达到排放标准未加以考虑等问题。本文针对上面存在的问题。以水葫芦为原料,进行了一系列的厌氧消化实验,主要包括：
1、水葫芦产气潜力的实验,鲜、干水葫芦分别与猪粪结合发酵的实验,结果表明：水葫芦产沼气潜力为634mL/gTS或834mL/gVS。鲜水葫芦与猪粪结合进行半连续发酵在第五周后达到稳定值,最佳进料浓度为60gTS/L,最佳HRT控制在40d；在该条件下,常温进行试验性半连续发酵,沼气产量达到432mL/gTS,甲烷含量为56%,而干水葫芦与猪粪结合发酵的沼气产量为394mL/gTS,甲烷含量为52%。
2、水葫芦固液分离后,渣与猪粪进行高浓度批量发酵及干发酵实验,结果表明：渣与猪粪结合的原料产气率为504 mL/gTS,甲烷含量65%,半纤维素、纤维素降低,木质素升高。渣进行(TS=20%、TS=25%、TS=30%)干发酵,TS=20%的干发酵产气率最好,原料产气率为385 mL/gTS,半纤维素、纤维素降低,木质素升高。将发酵后的水葫芦进行脱水就可以考虑做成优质的有机肥料。
3、汁液在中温下进行二级和五级半连续厌氧消化,二级厌氧消化优于五级,其产气量为2.2mL/g,二级消化后的液体,经兼性厌氧消化后COD750 mg/L,总磷10.13 mg/L,氨氮56mg/L。通过化学处理和曝气处理,化学处理后氨氮22.4mg/L、总磷0.98 mg/L、COD 182mg/L,色度为30,但pH值为12.16,加废酸处理到中性后液体能达到国家城镇污水处理厂污染物排放二级标准(GB 18918-2002)。曝气处理后,COD460mg/L、氨氮21.6mg/L、总磷1.43mg/L,液体能达到国家城镇污水处理厂污染物排放三级标准。
4、水葫芦单相发酵及发酵后固液分离研究实验,结果表明：产气率565mL/gTS,分离的固体可以考虑制备成有机肥料,分离的汁液通过曝气处理,出水检验COD390mg/L,氨氮20.9mg/L,总磷1.25 mg/L,直接能达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放三级标准。
本文比较了各种厌氧消化工艺,水葫芦固液分离干发酵的方案比较适合实际,汁液进行二级消化后,曝气处理。该种方案优于传统的单相和两相发酵。
Since the 1990's, a great deal of Eichhnornia crassipes caused a series of ecological, environmental and social problem. We summarized and compared these crafts. The one-phase anaerobic digestion has some weaks that the volume become big because E.crassipes contain amount of water high, the craft needs big volume, anticipate inconvenience,easy knot hull,the residue make use of difficulty etc. Two-phase anaerobic digestion consumes a great deal of of water, and they don't take into consider wether the exhaustion of NH4+-N and the total P can attain standard.This paper carried on a series of anerobic digestion experiments with E.crassipes as raw material, included:
1..Experimental studied on biogas potential of Dianchi's E.crassipes, Studied of Biogas Production on E. crassipes mixed with pig dung.The results showed its potential was 634mL/gTS or 834mL/gVS,and the highest yield of biogas was 432mL/gTS with 56% of methane when anaerobic digestion mixed with pig dung was carried out at 60gTS/L fermenting concentration,40 days of HRT, and ambient temperature ranging from 19 to 28℃, by using semi-continuous fermentation, at the same, the biogas yield of dry E crassipes was 394mL/gTS and methane content was 52%.
2.Seperated solid and liquid of Dianchi's E.crassipes for biogas generation, the residue with pig dung biogas production was studied by using high density batch fermentation at ambient temperation, and the only residue by dry-fermentation. The result showed in the biogas yield of 504mL/gTS with methane content 65%,a part of hemicellulose and cellulose were decomposed,at the same,the sum of lignin was ascended. the residue with TS=20%、TS=25%、TS=30% producing biogas by using batch dry-fermentation at ambient temperature, The result showed the residue with TS=20% was highest and its biogas yield was 385mL/gTS with a part of hemicellulose and cellulose were decomposed, at the same, the sum of lignin was ascended. Organic fertilizer was made after fermenting.
3.E.crassipes having water of 94.74% was separated residue and juice, the juice was studied by two-stage and five-stage anaerobic digestion at medium temperation, the result showed two-stage was more than five-stage and its potential was 2.2mL/g, and juice by chemical diposal and its COD was 182mg/L、NH4+-N was 22.4 mg/L、the total P was 0.98 mg/L and SS was 30, but its pH was 12.16 and need diposal by adding discard sour, and juice by biologic diposal and its COD was 460mg/L、NH4+-N was 21.6mg/L、the total P was 1.43mg/L, they could reach to standard of the town's dirty water qulity (GB 18918-2002).
4.E.crassipes was separated residue and juice after fermenting at ambient temperature, and its biogas yield was 565mL/gTS.then the material was separated residue and juice,the residue was made organic fertilizer, juice by biologic diposal and its COD was 390mg/L、NH4+-N was 20.9mg/L、the total P was 1.25mg/L, they could reach to standard of the town's dirty water qulity.
5. This paper compared different kinds of digest crafts, the E.crassipes's the high density ferment and dry ferment are actual application, they could overcome these problems of one-phase anaerobic digestion and two-phase anaerobic digestion.
1、水葫芦产气潜力的实验,鲜、干水葫芦分别与猪粪结合发酵的实验,结果表明：水葫芦产沼气潜力为634mL/gTS或834mL/gVS。鲜水葫芦与猪粪结合进行半连续发酵在第五周后达到稳定值,最佳进料浓度为60gTS/L,最佳HRT控制在40d；在该条件下,常温进行试验性半连续发酵,沼气产量达到432mL/gTS,甲烷含量为56%,而干水葫芦与猪粪结合发酵的沼气产量为394mL/gTS,甲烷含量为52%。
2、水葫芦固液分离后,渣与猪粪进行高浓度批量发酵及干发酵实验,结果表明：渣与猪粪结合的原料产气率为504 mL/gTS,甲烷含量65%,半纤维素、纤维素降低,木质素升高。渣进行(TS=20%、TS=25%、TS=30%)干发酵,TS=20%的干发酵产气率最好,原料产气率为385 mL/gTS,半纤维素、纤维素降低,木质素升高。将发酵后的水葫芦进行脱水就可以考虑做成优质的有机肥料。
3、汁液在中温下进行二级和五级半连续厌氧消化,二级厌氧消化优于五级,其产气量为2.2mL/g,二级消化后的液体,经兼性厌氧消化后COD750 mg/L,总磷10.13 mg/L,氨氮56mg/L。通过化学处理和曝气处理,化学处理后氨氮22.4mg/L、总磷0.98 mg/L、COD 182mg/L,色度为30,但pH值为12.16,加废酸处理到中性后液体能达到国家城镇污水处理厂污染物排放二级标准(GB 18918-2002)。曝气处理后,COD460mg/L、氨氮21.6mg/L、总磷1.43mg/L,液体能达到国家城镇污水处理厂污染物排放三级标准。
4、水葫芦单相发酵及发酵后固液分离研究实验,结果表明：产气率565mL/gTS,分离的固体可以考虑制备成有机肥料,分离的汁液通过曝气处理,出水检验COD390mg/L,氨氮20.9mg/L,总磷1.25 mg/L,直接能达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放三级标准。
本文比较了各种厌氧消化工艺,水葫芦固液分离干发酵的方案比较适合实际,汁液进行二级消化后,曝气处理。该种方案优于传统的单相和两相发酵。
Since the 1990's, a great deal of Eichhnornia crassipes caused a series of ecological, environmental and social problem. We summarized and compared these crafts. The one-phase anaerobic digestion has some weaks that the volume become big because E.crassipes contain amount of water high, the craft needs big volume, anticipate inconvenience,easy knot hull,the residue make use of difficulty etc. Two-phase anaerobic digestion consumes a great deal of of water, and they don't take into consider wether the exhaustion of NH4+-N and the total P can attain standard.This paper carried on a series of anerobic digestion experiments with E.crassipes as raw material, included:
1..Experimental studied on biogas potential of Dianchi's E.crassipes, Studied of Biogas Production on E. crassipes mixed with pig dung.The results showed its potential was 634mL/gTS or 834mL/gVS,and the highest yield of biogas was 432mL/gTS with 56% of methane when anaerobic digestion mixed with pig dung was carried out at 60gTS/L fermenting concentration,40 days of HRT, and ambient temperature ranging from 19 to 28℃, by using semi-continuous fermentation, at the same, the biogas yield of dry E crassipes was 394mL/gTS and methane content was 52%.
2.Seperated solid and liquid of Dianchi's E.crassipes for biogas generation, the residue with pig dung biogas production was studied by using high density batch fermentation at ambient temperation, and the only residue by dry-fermentation. The result showed in the biogas yield of 504mL/gTS with methane content 65%,a part of hemicellulose and cellulose were decomposed,at the same,the sum of lignin was ascended. the residue with TS=20%、TS=25%、TS=30% producing biogas by using batch dry-fermentation at ambient temperature, The result showed the residue with TS=20% was highest and its biogas yield was 385mL/gTS with a part of hemicellulose and cellulose were decomposed, at the same, the sum of lignin was ascended. Organic fertilizer was made after fermenting.
3.E.crassipes having water of 94.74% was separated residue and juice, the juice was studied by two-stage and five-stage anaerobic digestion at medium temperation, the result showed two-stage was more than five-stage and its potential was 2.2mL/g, and juice by chemical diposal and its COD was 182mg/L、NH4+-N was 22.4 mg/L、the total P was 0.98 mg/L and SS was 30, but its pH was 12.16 and need diposal by adding discard sour, and juice by biologic diposal and its COD was 460mg/L、NH4+-N was 21.6mg/L、the total P was 1.43mg/L, they could reach to standard of the town's dirty water qulity (GB 18918-2002).
4.E.crassipes was separated residue and juice after fermenting at ambient temperature, and its biogas yield was 565mL/gTS.then the material was separated residue and juice,the residue was made organic fertilizer, juice by biologic diposal and its COD was 390mg/L、NH4+-N was 20.9mg/L、the total P was 1.25mg/L, they could reach to standard of the town's dirty water qulity.
5. This paper compared different kinds of digest crafts, the E.crassipes's the high density ferment and dry ferment are actual application, they could overcome these problems of one-phase anaerobic digestion and two-phase anaerobic digestion.
引文
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