乌梁素海水文—植被特征研究
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摘要
半干旱区具有对人为扰动和气候变化响应的敏感性特征,分布其内的水资源相对缺乏,湖泊资源就更显稀缺,与湿润地区湖泊相比,无论是水环境承载能力,还是湖泊自净功能都更显脆弱,再加上人类活动的干扰和破坏,湖泊水文要素及物化条件发生着显著变化,其对湖泊水生植被的影响也日益明显,湖泊环境污染已然成为不争的事实。因此,在现状条件下,对半干旱区湖泊水文一植被相互作用机理及响应关系进行研究意义重大且迫切。
本文在收集整理乌梁素海及其周边地区水文气象资料,卫星影像资料的基础上,将野外实地勘测与室内实验相结合,采用遥感技术、地理信息系统及其多元信息统计和筛选方法,对乌梁素海水循环过程分析得出河套灌区的农田退水占乌梁素海总入湖水量的71%-86%,是主要的入湖水源,影响着乌梁素海的水位变化；基于RS&GIS技术的植被空间格局分析可得出：水生生物残骸不断在湖中堆积,使湖底不断抬高；湖中大量富营养盐的排入和沉积,使芦苇和水草旺盛生长,加速了湖泊的生物填平作用。乌梁素海富营养化程度的不断增高,必将导致湖泊环境逐步破坏,水体功能日趋丧失；乌梁素海水文—植被特征关系研究,得出湖内水生植被及其周边湿地植被生长的主控因子是农田退水入湖而引起的水位及营养盐含量的变化,控制农田退水入湖可以有效改善乌梁素海的富营养化,恢复乌梁素海生态功能。
Semiarid region has the sensitivity of response characteristics of anthropogenic disturbance and climate change. Distribution of water resources within semiarid region is relative lack, even more scarce with lake resources. Compared with the subhumid regions lakes, both water environment carrying capacity, and self-purification function of lakes are more vulnerable. In addition, with human activities, the physical and chemical conditions of lakes and hydrological factors are significantly changed. The influence of aquatic vegetation of lakes is also increasingly obvious. Lakes environmental pollution has been the fact that does not dispute. Therefore, the status quo conditions, the study of hydrology-vegetation response-relationship of semiarid region are greatly significant and urgent.
This paper, on the basis of collection the hydrological and meteorological data, the satellite image data, which is surrounding areas of Wuliangsuhai Lake, combined the site investigation with the indoor experiment. Using remote sensing technology, geographic information systems, multi-information statistics and screening methods, Through analysis water cycle of Wuliangsuhai Lake obtained farmland irrigation water back into the lake accounts for the total amount 71%-86% of Wuliangsuhai, which is the main water into the lake, affecting the water level changes of Wuliangsuhai Lake;the spatial pattern of vegetation which is based on RS & GIS technology can be drawn:aquatic debris accumulate constantly in the lake, constantly raise the bottom of the lake; a large number of eutrophic salt into lake and deposition, the reeds and aquatic plants thrive, accelerated lake bio-filled role. Eutrophication of Wuliangsuhai Lake continues to increase, the lake will lead to the gradual destruction of the environment, increasing loss of water function; Research Hydrology-Vegetation Relation of Wuliangsuhai Lake obtained to identify aquatic vegetation within the lake and its surrounding wetland vegetation growth factor is a master of farmland irrigation water back into the lake caused the water level and changes in eutrophic salt concentrations, control farmland irrigation water into the lake can effectively improve the eutrophication and restore ecological function of Wuliangsuhai Lake.
本文在收集整理乌梁素海及其周边地区水文气象资料,卫星影像资料的基础上,将野外实地勘测与室内实验相结合,采用遥感技术、地理信息系统及其多元信息统计和筛选方法,对乌梁素海水循环过程分析得出河套灌区的农田退水占乌梁素海总入湖水量的71%-86%,是主要的入湖水源,影响着乌梁素海的水位变化；基于RS&GIS技术的植被空间格局分析可得出：水生生物残骸不断在湖中堆积,使湖底不断抬高；湖中大量富营养盐的排入和沉积,使芦苇和水草旺盛生长,加速了湖泊的生物填平作用。乌梁素海富营养化程度的不断增高,必将导致湖泊环境逐步破坏,水体功能日趋丧失；乌梁素海水文—植被特征关系研究,得出湖内水生植被及其周边湿地植被生长的主控因子是农田退水入湖而引起的水位及营养盐含量的变化,控制农田退水入湖可以有效改善乌梁素海的富营养化,恢复乌梁素海生态功能。
Semiarid region has the sensitivity of response characteristics of anthropogenic disturbance and climate change. Distribution of water resources within semiarid region is relative lack, even more scarce with lake resources. Compared with the subhumid regions lakes, both water environment carrying capacity, and self-purification function of lakes are more vulnerable. In addition, with human activities, the physical and chemical conditions of lakes and hydrological factors are significantly changed. The influence of aquatic vegetation of lakes is also increasingly obvious. Lakes environmental pollution has been the fact that does not dispute. Therefore, the status quo conditions, the study of hydrology-vegetation response-relationship of semiarid region are greatly significant and urgent.
This paper, on the basis of collection the hydrological and meteorological data, the satellite image data, which is surrounding areas of Wuliangsuhai Lake, combined the site investigation with the indoor experiment. Using remote sensing technology, geographic information systems, multi-information statistics and screening methods, Through analysis water cycle of Wuliangsuhai Lake obtained farmland irrigation water back into the lake accounts for the total amount 71%-86% of Wuliangsuhai, which is the main water into the lake, affecting the water level changes of Wuliangsuhai Lake;the spatial pattern of vegetation which is based on RS & GIS technology can be drawn:aquatic debris accumulate constantly in the lake, constantly raise the bottom of the lake; a large number of eutrophic salt into lake and deposition, the reeds and aquatic plants thrive, accelerated lake bio-filled role. Eutrophication of Wuliangsuhai Lake continues to increase, the lake will lead to the gradual destruction of the environment, increasing loss of water function; Research Hydrology-Vegetation Relation of Wuliangsuhai Lake obtained to identify aquatic vegetation within the lake and its surrounding wetland vegetation growth factor is a master of farmland irrigation water back into the lake caused the water level and changes in eutrophic salt concentrations, control farmland irrigation water into the lake can effectively improve the eutrophication and restore ecological function of Wuliangsuhai Lake.
引文
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