亚热带杉木人工林树干呼吸研究
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摘要
本研究采用LI-8100土壤碳通量自动观测系统,与自制的树干呼吸气室相连,原位监测了亚热带杉木人工林树干表面CO_2释放速率及相关因子的日变化和季节变化,同时对比研究了三种测定方法(IRGA法、AA法、GC法)对树干呼吸测定产生的影响。结果表明:
(1) 18年生杉木人工林冬、春季节树干呼吸日变化模式呈单峰型曲线,与温度变化较为一致,夏、秋季节树干呼吸日变化不大,无明显峰值出现,90年生杉木人工林春季树干呼吸日变化模式呈单峰型曲线,与温度变化较为一致,其它季节树干呼吸一天中变化不大。
(2)两个林分的树干呼吸均呈现出明显的季节变化,最大值均出现在5月,最小值均出现在2月。18年生杉木人工林和90年生杉木人工林的树干维持呼吸分别为0.46和0.34/μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),占各自年均树干总呼吸的43.5%和45.7%。
(3)树干温度和土温能够较好的解释杉木人工林树干呼吸日变化规律。18年生杉木人工林冬、春季树干呼吸对树干温度日变化的Q_(10)值分别为1.73和1.54,90年生杉木人工林冬季树干呼吸对树干温度日变化的Q_(10)值为1.71。温度和土壤含水量的双因素模型能更好的解释树干呼吸日变化。
(4)各温度能够解释树干呼吸季节变化的70.7%以上,树干温度和土温能够更好的解释亚热带杉木人工林树干呼吸的季节变化,18年生杉木人工林和90年生杉木人工林对各自树干温度季节变化的Q_(10)值分别为1.51和1.63。90年生杉木人工林的树干呼吸与土壤含水量的季节变化呈极显著的线性负相关(P＜0.01)。两个林分树干呼吸与双因素模型因子温度和土壤含水量的季节变化间存在着极显著的函数关系。
(5)两个林分的树干呼吸值随径阶的增大而增大,树干1.3m高度处南、北两面的树干呼吸间差异不显著。18年生杉木人工林各月份不同高度的树干呼吸间差异均不显著,90年生杉木人工林各月份树干中部的树干呼吸与上部和下部的树干呼吸间差异均不显著。各月份采用IRGA法观测得到的树干呼吸值要高于AA法和GC法测定的树干呼吸值。
(6)林分水平上,18年生杉木人工林冬季、春季、夏季和秋季树干呼吸日释放量分别为0.96、1.58、1.99和1.10 gC·m~(-2)·d~(-1),90年生杉木人工林冬季、春季、夏季和秋季树干呼吸日释放量分别为1.01、1.78、3.03和2.00 gC·m~(-2)·d~(-1)。
(7)各月份18年生杉木人工林树干呼吸要高于90年生杉木人工林树干呼吸,在林分水平上,18年生杉木人工林树干呼吸年释放量为5.35 tC·ha~(-1)·yr~(-1),90年生杉木人工林树干呼吸年释放量为5.93 tC·ha~(-1)·yr~(-1)。
The diurnal and seasonal variation of stem respiration rates were studied in the 18-year-old and 90-year-old Chinese fir plantations (SM18 and SM90) in subtropical China using an infra-red gas analyzer (IRGA) connected a custom-built polyvinyl chloride (PVC) chamber. Some environmental factors were observed synchronously. At the same time, a comparative study of the three methods (IRGA, AA, GC) for stem respiration was conducted. The major results were summarized as follows:
(1) The diurnal stem respiration rate of the SM18 showed single-peak patterns in winter and spring, which was consistented with the temperature. No peak was found in the dirnual studies in SM18 in summer and autumn. The stem respiration of SM90 showed a single-peak diurnal pattern in spring, which was consistent with the temperature. No peak was found in the dirnual pattern of stem respiration rate of SM90 in other seasons.
(2) Both stem respiration rates of SM18 and SM90 were displayed obvious seasonal variation, both at Maximum in May and at minimum in February. The maintainence respiration of stem in SM18 and SM90 was 0.46 and 0.34μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1), respectively, each accounted for an annual average total stem respiration 43.5 % and 45.7 %.
(3) Stem temperature and soil temperature can explain the diurnal variation of stem respiration rate of SM18 and SM90 better. When the stem respiration rates of SM18 and SM90 were regressed against the diurnal change of stem temperature, The Q_(10) values of stem respiration of SM18 were 1.73 and 1.54 in winter and spring, respectively. The Q_(10) value of stem respiration of SM90 was 1.71 in winter. The two-factor model with temperature and soil moisture can explain the diurnal variation of stem respiration rate better.
(4) The temperature can explain more than 70.7 % monthly variation of stem respiration, stem temperature and soil temperature can explain seasonal change of stem respiration better. When the stem respiration rates of SM18 and SM90 were regressed against the seasonal change of stem temperature, the Q_(10) values of stem respiration of SM18 and SM90 were 1.51 and 1.63, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between stem respiration rate and the monthly variation of soil moisture content (P < 0.01). There was a significant function between stem respiration rate and the seasonal variation of temperature and soil moisture content in two-factor model in SM18 and SM90.
(5) The stem respiration rate rised with the diameter class of trunks increases. There was no significant difference of stem respiration rate between the south side and the north side of the trunk. There was no significant difference in stem respiration at 0.2～2.5 m height of the trunk in SM18. No significant difference of stem respiration was found between 1.3 m and 2.5 m height of the tree in SM90 and the same between 1.3 m and 0.2 m height. The stem respiration value measured by IRGA was higher than the value measured by AA and GC in each month.
(6) The diurnal release of CO_2 generated from stem respiration of SM18 was 0.96, 1.58, 1.99 and 1.10 gC·m~(-2)·d~(-1) in wineter, spring, summer and autumn, respectively. The diurnal release of CO_2 generated from stem respiration of SM90 was 1.01,1.78, 3.03 and 2.00 gC·m~(-2)·d~(-1) in wineter, spring, summer and autumn, respectively.
(7) The monthly stem respiration rate of SM18 was higher than that of SM90. The annual CO_2 emission of stem respiration in SM18 and SM90 were 5.35 tC·ha~(-1)·yr~(-1) and 5.93 tc·ha~(-1)·yr~(-1), respectively.
(1) 18年生杉木人工林冬、春季节树干呼吸日变化模式呈单峰型曲线,与温度变化较为一致,夏、秋季节树干呼吸日变化不大,无明显峰值出现,90年生杉木人工林春季树干呼吸日变化模式呈单峰型曲线,与温度变化较为一致,其它季节树干呼吸一天中变化不大。
(2)两个林分的树干呼吸均呈现出明显的季节变化,最大值均出现在5月,最小值均出现在2月。18年生杉木人工林和90年生杉木人工林的树干维持呼吸分别为0.46和0.34/μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),占各自年均树干总呼吸的43.5%和45.7%。
(3)树干温度和土温能够较好的解释杉木人工林树干呼吸日变化规律。18年生杉木人工林冬、春季树干呼吸对树干温度日变化的Q_(10)值分别为1.73和1.54,90年生杉木人工林冬季树干呼吸对树干温度日变化的Q_(10)值为1.71。温度和土壤含水量的双因素模型能更好的解释树干呼吸日变化。
(4)各温度能够解释树干呼吸季节变化的70.7%以上,树干温度和土温能够更好的解释亚热带杉木人工林树干呼吸的季节变化,18年生杉木人工林和90年生杉木人工林对各自树干温度季节变化的Q_(10)值分别为1.51和1.63。90年生杉木人工林的树干呼吸与土壤含水量的季节变化呈极显著的线性负相关(P＜0.01)。两个林分树干呼吸与双因素模型因子温度和土壤含水量的季节变化间存在着极显著的函数关系。
(5)两个林分的树干呼吸值随径阶的增大而增大,树干1.3m高度处南、北两面的树干呼吸间差异不显著。18年生杉木人工林各月份不同高度的树干呼吸间差异均不显著,90年生杉木人工林各月份树干中部的树干呼吸与上部和下部的树干呼吸间差异均不显著。各月份采用IRGA法观测得到的树干呼吸值要高于AA法和GC法测定的树干呼吸值。
(6)林分水平上,18年生杉木人工林冬季、春季、夏季和秋季树干呼吸日释放量分别为0.96、1.58、1.99和1.10 gC·m~(-2)·d~(-1),90年生杉木人工林冬季、春季、夏季和秋季树干呼吸日释放量分别为1.01、1.78、3.03和2.00 gC·m~(-2)·d~(-1)。
(7)各月份18年生杉木人工林树干呼吸要高于90年生杉木人工林树干呼吸,在林分水平上,18年生杉木人工林树干呼吸年释放量为5.35 tC·ha~(-1)·yr~(-1),90年生杉木人工林树干呼吸年释放量为5.93 tC·ha~(-1)·yr~(-1)。
The diurnal and seasonal variation of stem respiration rates were studied in the 18-year-old and 90-year-old Chinese fir plantations (SM18 and SM90) in subtropical China using an infra-red gas analyzer (IRGA) connected a custom-built polyvinyl chloride (PVC) chamber. Some environmental factors were observed synchronously. At the same time, a comparative study of the three methods (IRGA, AA, GC) for stem respiration was conducted. The major results were summarized as follows:
(1) The diurnal stem respiration rate of the SM18 showed single-peak patterns in winter and spring, which was consistented with the temperature. No peak was found in the dirnual studies in SM18 in summer and autumn. The stem respiration of SM90 showed a single-peak diurnal pattern in spring, which was consistent with the temperature. No peak was found in the dirnual pattern of stem respiration rate of SM90 in other seasons.
(2) Both stem respiration rates of SM18 and SM90 were displayed obvious seasonal variation, both at Maximum in May and at minimum in February. The maintainence respiration of stem in SM18 and SM90 was 0.46 and 0.34μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1), respectively, each accounted for an annual average total stem respiration 43.5 % and 45.7 %.
(3) Stem temperature and soil temperature can explain the diurnal variation of stem respiration rate of SM18 and SM90 better. When the stem respiration rates of SM18 and SM90 were regressed against the diurnal change of stem temperature, The Q_(10) values of stem respiration of SM18 were 1.73 and 1.54 in winter and spring, respectively. The Q_(10) value of stem respiration of SM90 was 1.71 in winter. The two-factor model with temperature and soil moisture can explain the diurnal variation of stem respiration rate better.
(4) The temperature can explain more than 70.7 % monthly variation of stem respiration, stem temperature and soil temperature can explain seasonal change of stem respiration better. When the stem respiration rates of SM18 and SM90 were regressed against the seasonal change of stem temperature, the Q_(10) values of stem respiration of SM18 and SM90 were 1.51 and 1.63, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between stem respiration rate and the monthly variation of soil moisture content (P < 0.01). There was a significant function between stem respiration rate and the seasonal variation of temperature and soil moisture content in two-factor model in SM18 and SM90.
(5) The stem respiration rate rised with the diameter class of trunks increases. There was no significant difference of stem respiration rate between the south side and the north side of the trunk. There was no significant difference in stem respiration at 0.2～2.5 m height of the trunk in SM18. No significant difference of stem respiration was found between 1.3 m and 2.5 m height of the tree in SM90 and the same between 1.3 m and 0.2 m height. The stem respiration value measured by IRGA was higher than the value measured by AA and GC in each month.
(6) The diurnal release of CO_2 generated from stem respiration of SM18 was 0.96, 1.58, 1.99 and 1.10 gC·m~(-2)·d~(-1) in wineter, spring, summer and autumn, respectively. The diurnal release of CO_2 generated from stem respiration of SM90 was 1.01,1.78, 3.03 and 2.00 gC·m~(-2)·d~(-1) in wineter, spring, summer and autumn, respectively.
(7) The monthly stem respiration rate of SM18 was higher than that of SM90. The annual CO_2 emission of stem respiration in SM18 and SM90 were 5.35 tC·ha~(-1)·yr~(-1) and 5.93 tc·ha~(-1)·yr~(-1), respectively.
引文
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