轨道几何状态测量仪检测方法研究
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摘要
目前,我国高速铁路修建规模不断扩大,轨检仪作为一种专门用于检测轨道平顺性的仪器,使用范围愈加广泛。但是目前国内外尚无一套完整的、权威的轨检仪检测方案,众多在生产线上使用的轨检仪产品或多或少的存在问题而不被使用者所察知。对于如此高精度的轨道检测工作,由于大部分在用的轨检仪并不能达到出厂时的状态指标,因而不能完全真实的反映所检测轨道的平顺性。为此,本文对轨检仪检测场基础数据的建立、轨检仪检测的具体方法和检测的限差指标进行研究,主要研究内容包括：
第一,建立轨检仪室外检测场及检测场基础数据库的方法研究。在对选定的检测场地轨道沿线进行CPⅢ三维建网并进行精度验证后,采用智能全站仪、电子水准仪、电子轨距尺等高精度测量仪器测量检测场轨道点平面坐标、轨顶高程、轨距及水平等轨道几何状态参数,并进行精度分析；通过对任意实测点对应中线里程的计算及线形拟合等数据处理方法,使得轨道各几何状态参数与中线设计里程相关联,并以此建立轨检仪检测场轨道几何状态参数基础数据库。
第二,研究轨检仪室外检测的内容及对应的检测方法。其中,轨检仪室外检测内容包括轨检仪实测轨道平面坐标、轨顶高程、轨距、水平、轨向、高低及扭曲等轨道几何状态参数。对每项参数的检测均分为内符合精度检测和外符合精度检测。其中内符合精度检测是通过比较同一里程的重复测量较差来实现；外符合精度检测是比较轨检仪实测的各里程处的轨道几何状态参数与计算的同一里程处检测场轨道几何状态参数基准值的差值来实现。
第三,在参照轨检仪检测规范中要求的各项检测限差指标的基础上,结合高速铁路轨道平顺性静态验收标准,并统计和分析大量检测实验数据,在满足检测标准并考虑在实际检测工作中能够以较大概率通过检测的前提下,完善并补充轨检仪检测规范中要求的各项检测限差指标。
第四,综合轨检仪室外检测方法,编写轨检仪检测数据处理软件,以实现轨检仪室外检测数据处理的程序化。
At present, China's high-speed railway construction have been expanding, as a specialized track inspection instrument for the detection of track equipment, the use of even more extensive. But now there is no complete set of domestic and international, authoritative track inspection instrument detection scheme, a number of tracks used in the production line product inspection instrument without being more or less a problem of perceived user. For such a high-precision orbit testing work, as most in use and can not achieve orbit inspection instrument factory condition indicators, and therefore can not fully reflect the real test track ride. In this paper, track inspection detected on the basis of the establishment of data fields, track inspection detected the specific methods and detection tolerance indicators main research contents include:
First, the establishment meter outdoor testing field track inspection and testing methods of the underlying database field. In the selected test sites along the track for CP III dimensional network construction and validation for accuracy, using total station, electronic level, electronic foot gauge measurement precision measuring instruments such as detection field orbital plane coordinate points, track top elevation, track gauge and level of geometric state parameters, and conduct precision analysis; measured by an arbitrary point corresponds to the center line mileage calculations and linear fitting data processing methods, making the track center line of each geometric designs mileage status parameters associated with, and thus establishment of rail track geometry inspection detected field status parameters underlying database.
Second, research the instrument outdoor test track inspection contents and the corresponding detection methods. Among them, an outdoor test track inspection apparatus includes rail inspection instrument measured the orbital plane coordinates, track top elevation, gauge, level, track direction, height and distortions state track geometry parameters. For each of the parameters of the test are divided into internal and external accord accord accuracy detection accuracy testing. Which inner precision detection is performed by comparing repeated measurements of the same poor mileage implemented; detection accuracy is more in line outside the track inspection instrument measured the mileage at the state track geometry parameters and the calculated field is detected at the same mileage track geometry parameters of the reference state value of the difference to be achieved.
Third, the reference track inspection detected various specification requirements Tolerance Index, based on the combination of high-speed railway track ride static acceptance criteria, and a large number of test statistics and analysis of experimental data, to meet testing standards and to consider the actual testing work can be greater probability by detecting the premise, to improve and supplement track inspection detected the requirements specification Tolerance Index.
Fourth, the comprehensive outdoor track inspection instrument detection methods, the preparation of track inspection cytometry data processing software, in order to achieve an outdoor test track inspection instrument data processing procedures.
第一,建立轨检仪室外检测场及检测场基础数据库的方法研究。在对选定的检测场地轨道沿线进行CPⅢ三维建网并进行精度验证后,采用智能全站仪、电子水准仪、电子轨距尺等高精度测量仪器测量检测场轨道点平面坐标、轨顶高程、轨距及水平等轨道几何状态参数,并进行精度分析；通过对任意实测点对应中线里程的计算及线形拟合等数据处理方法,使得轨道各几何状态参数与中线设计里程相关联,并以此建立轨检仪检测场轨道几何状态参数基础数据库。
第二,研究轨检仪室外检测的内容及对应的检测方法。其中,轨检仪室外检测内容包括轨检仪实测轨道平面坐标、轨顶高程、轨距、水平、轨向、高低及扭曲等轨道几何状态参数。对每项参数的检测均分为内符合精度检测和外符合精度检测。其中内符合精度检测是通过比较同一里程的重复测量较差来实现；外符合精度检测是比较轨检仪实测的各里程处的轨道几何状态参数与计算的同一里程处检测场轨道几何状态参数基准值的差值来实现。
第三,在参照轨检仪检测规范中要求的各项检测限差指标的基础上,结合高速铁路轨道平顺性静态验收标准,并统计和分析大量检测实验数据,在满足检测标准并考虑在实际检测工作中能够以较大概率通过检测的前提下,完善并补充轨检仪检测规范中要求的各项检测限差指标。
第四,综合轨检仪室外检测方法,编写轨检仪检测数据处理软件,以实现轨检仪室外检测数据处理的程序化。
At present, China's high-speed railway construction have been expanding, as a specialized track inspection instrument for the detection of track equipment, the use of even more extensive. But now there is no complete set of domestic and international, authoritative track inspection instrument detection scheme, a number of tracks used in the production line product inspection instrument without being more or less a problem of perceived user. For such a high-precision orbit testing work, as most in use and can not achieve orbit inspection instrument factory condition indicators, and therefore can not fully reflect the real test track ride. In this paper, track inspection detected on the basis of the establishment of data fields, track inspection detected the specific methods and detection tolerance indicators main research contents include:
First, the establishment meter outdoor testing field track inspection and testing methods of the underlying database field. In the selected test sites along the track for CP III dimensional network construction and validation for accuracy, using total station, electronic level, electronic foot gauge measurement precision measuring instruments such as detection field orbital plane coordinate points, track top elevation, track gauge and level of geometric state parameters, and conduct precision analysis; measured by an arbitrary point corresponds to the center line mileage calculations and linear fitting data processing methods, making the track center line of each geometric designs mileage status parameters associated with, and thus establishment of rail track geometry inspection detected field status parameters underlying database.
Second, research the instrument outdoor test track inspection contents and the corresponding detection methods. Among them, an outdoor test track inspection apparatus includes rail inspection instrument measured the orbital plane coordinates, track top elevation, gauge, level, track direction, height and distortions state track geometry parameters. For each of the parameters of the test are divided into internal and external accord accord accuracy detection accuracy testing. Which inner precision detection is performed by comparing repeated measurements of the same poor mileage implemented; detection accuracy is more in line outside the track inspection instrument measured the mileage at the state track geometry parameters and the calculated field is detected at the same mileage track geometry parameters of the reference state value of the difference to be achieved.
Third, the reference track inspection detected various specification requirements Tolerance Index, based on the combination of high-speed railway track ride static acceptance criteria, and a large number of test statistics and analysis of experimental data, to meet testing standards and to consider the actual testing work can be greater probability by detecting the premise, to improve and supplement track inspection detected the requirements specification Tolerance Index.
Fourth, the comprehensive outdoor track inspection instrument detection methods, the preparation of track inspection cytometry data processing software, in order to achieve an outdoor test track inspection instrument data processing procedures.
引文
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[13]史颖刚.智能轨道检测仪的数学建模及其误差分析[D].太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文.2006：3-9.
[14]袁成忠.智能型全站仪自动测量系统集成技术研究[D].西南交通大学,2007.
[15]冯梅,朱怀汝,王永生等.全站仪在深基坑变形监测中的应用[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2011,34(5)：237-239.
[16]韩清强,武勇.轨道几何形位静态检查原理及应用[J].铁道标准设计,2005,8：105-108.
[17]郭建飞.标准轨距数显轨距尺的设计和实现[D].西南交通大学,2011.
[18]熊卫东,周清跃,穆恩生.高速铁路钢轨浅析[J].铁道物资科学管理,1999,1：34-46.
[19]郑健,刘成龙,杨雪峰等.轨道基准网高程测量及其数据处理方法的探讨[J].铁道建筑,2011,8：121-124.
[20]丁克良,沈云中,欧吉坤.整体最小二乘法直线拟合[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报：自然科学版,2010(001)：44-47.
[21]丁克良.整体最小二乘理论及其在测量数据处理中的若干应用研究[D].武汉：中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,2006.
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[23]龚志强,侯俊岭.高速铁路轨道几何状态测量仪检测方法研究[J].铁道勘察,2011,37(5)：13-16.
[24]邓学通,叶一鸣.准高速轨检车检测原理及应用[M].中国铁道出版社,2004.北京：1-30.
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[26]郑子天.客运专线轨检仪研制过程中的关键算法研究[D].西南交通大学硕士毕业论文.2009：1-2.
[27]许玉德,李海峰,周宇.铁路轨道高低不平顺的预测方法[J].同济大学学报,2003,31(3)：292-296.
[28]余祖俊.轨道交通线路几何安全状态动态检测技术研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2008.
[29]铁道部科学技术司.科技基(2008)86号《客运专线轨道几何状态测量暂行技术条件》[S].北京：中国铁道出版社,2008：1-31.
[30]陆冠东,徐荣华.线路扭曲与脱轨安全性分析方法介绍[J].铁道车辆,2008,46(7)：1-4.
[31]蔡成标,王其昌.铁道扭曲不平顺安全限值的研究[J].西南交通大学学报.1994(3)：330-334.
[32]王成.无砟轨道平顺性控制技术探讨[J].铁道标准设计,2009(增刊)：57-59.
[33]卢祖文.高速铁路轨道技术综述[J].铁道工程学报,2007,24(1)
[34]武汉大学测绘学院测量平差学科组.误差理论与测量平差基础[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2003.
[35]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB10601-2009高速铁路工程测量规范[S].中国铁道出版社,2009.
[36]Hu, Huafeng. Study on the determination method for stress-free temperature of CWR in ballastless track of passenger dedicated line[J]. China Railway Science, v 29, n 6, p 30-34, November 2008
[37]乔小雷.轨检车检测技术的比较研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2009(6)：33-39.
[38]Riessberger, Klaus.Looking for solutions with track measuring cars[J]. Railway Gazette International, v147, n6, p3, Jun.
[39]周长发.C#数值计算算法编程[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007
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