面向信息物理融合系统的软件动态配置模型研究
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摘要
随着计算技术、嵌入式计算技术、传感器技术、通信技术和自动控制技术的迅速发展,信息物理融合系统(Cyber-Physical Systems, CPS)应运而生。2006年,美国国家科学基金会(National Science Foundation, NSF)在嵌入式系统的基础上提出了CPS的概念。CPS是在嵌入式系统的基础上融入了智能性、控制性等其他功能的新一代智能系统,是计算和物理设备系统发展的新趋势。
CPS的规模和复杂度远大于目前的物理设备系统,但是从软件体系结构的角度出发,所有的系统都可视为由构件根据一定的规则连接而成。构件是用来构建系统的可复用的软件元素,是系统功能实现的载体。组成系统的构件、构件的物理分布及构件间的连接关系等构成了系统的配置,在系统运行期间对系统配置更改的技术就是动态配置。动态配置技术对CPS自适应性提供了有效支持,从而使之能够紧跟技术的发展,满足需求的变化和适应复杂而不断变化的环境。
本文旨在从CPS的软件体系结构的角度出发,以构件的动态配置为基础,采用建模的方法来研究CPS的软件动态配置,提出了基于反射的CPS软件动态配置模型,并对其进行了分析和设计。本文完成的主要工作有:
(1)本文首先分析了软件构件、CPS的软件体系结构与基于构件的CPS软件系统动态配置实施相关的技术,在动态配置过程、配置描述、系统一致性和动态配置算法四个方面对CPS的软件动态配置机制进行了论述,为接下来CPS的软件动态配置模型的建立和分析提供了指导。
(2)反射机制和反射体系是系统动态配置的基础。本文建立了包含反射机制和反射体系的CPS反射式软件动态配置模型CPSRDRM。CPSRDRM刻画了CPS中动态配置系统的反射本质,描绘了动态配置的工作原理及过程,指出了动态配置的各构成要素,为分析和评价CPS动态配置提供了统一框架。针对CPSRDRM模型,本文分析了其元数据和元协议包括的具体内容,研究了元协议中调控协议的正确性约束,为元数据和元协议的设计提供了基础。
(3)针对CPSRDRM模型的元数据,本文设计了其中的构件、连接件、连接关系和环境的描述规则,并使用XML对其分别进行了描述,为构件的开发、部署以及系统配置的描述提供了依据。针对CPSRDRM模型的调控协议,本文设计了其中的动态配置算法,提出了支持构件删除、构件添加、构件替换、连接建立、连接删除和构件属性设置六种基本动态配置意图的动态配置算法,为配置复杂、功能强大的复合动态配置意图的实施奠定了基础。
(4)本文最后通过一个CPS中负载均衡子系统的分析和设计来详细阐述前面提出的动态配置模型,分析了负载均衡子系统的系统需求、系统结构以及基本流程,并通过其在CPSRDRM模型上的映射来对CPSRDRM模型产生更直观的了解。
Along with the rapid development of computing, embedded computing, sensing, communication and automatic control technology, CPS is brought forward. In 2006, NSF advanced the concept of Cyber-Physical System based on the embedded system. CPS is a new intelligence system which puts intelligence and control abilities into the embedded system, and it is the new trend of the development of computing and physical device systems.
The scale and complexity of CPS are much larger than the current physical device systems, but from the view of software architecture, all the systems are composed of components according to some rules. Components are reuseable software factors for building a system, and they are carriers of system funcitons. System components, components' location and the relationship between components together form the system configuration. The technology that changes system configuration when running is called dynamic reconfiguration. Dynamic reconfiguration technology can support the self-adaptation of CPS, so that CPS can follow the development of technology, meet various requirements and adapt to comlicated and changeable evironment.
The thesis starts from the software architecture of CPS, based on the dynamic reconfiguration of components, uses modeling technology to research the dynamic reconfiguration of software in CPS, and advances the CPSRDRM based on reflection, the main work of the thesis includes the followings:
1. Firstly, the thesis analysis the technology about software component, the software architecture of CPS and software dynamic reconfiguration in CPS based on component, describes the software dynamic reconfiguration mechanism of CPS in four aspects: dynamic reconfiguration procedure, configuration description, system constraint and dynamic reconfiguration algorithm, which supervises the developing and analysis of software dynamic reconfiguration model in CPS.
2. The reflecting mechanism and the reflecting system are the foundations of dynamic reconfiguration. So firstly the thesis puts forward the reflecting dynamic reconfiguration model named CPSRDRM which comprises the reflecting mechanism and the reflecting system. For the dynamic reconfiguration system, CPSRDRM depicts its reflecting nature, describes its working process, and points out its composing elements, thus provides a unified framework to analyze and evaluate different dynamic reconfiguration systems. The thesis analysis the content of metadata and metaprotocol of CPSRDRM, including the correctness constraint of the intercessory protocol, all the work is carried out to support the correctness, flexibility and effectivity of dynamic reconfiguration.
3. Aim at the CPSMD of CPSRDRM, the thesis designs the description rules of component, connector, connection and environment, and describes them by XML, provides foudations for component's development, deployment and configuration description. Aim at the CPSInterProtocol of CPSRDRM, the thesis designs its dynamic reconfiguration algorithms, including component creation, component removal, component replacement, component migration, connection creation, connection removal and component attribute configuration, establishes the foundation of compound reconfiguration intentions which are complex and powerful.
4. Lastly, the thesis describes the CPSRDRM through the analyzing and designing of a load-balancing subsystem in CPS. The thesis analysis the subsystem's requirements, architecture and workflow. We can realize CPSRDRM more intuitionistic by mapping the subsystem into CPSRDRM.
CPS的规模和复杂度远大于目前的物理设备系统,但是从软件体系结构的角度出发,所有的系统都可视为由构件根据一定的规则连接而成。构件是用来构建系统的可复用的软件元素,是系统功能实现的载体。组成系统的构件、构件的物理分布及构件间的连接关系等构成了系统的配置,在系统运行期间对系统配置更改的技术就是动态配置。动态配置技术对CPS自适应性提供了有效支持,从而使之能够紧跟技术的发展,满足需求的变化和适应复杂而不断变化的环境。
本文旨在从CPS的软件体系结构的角度出发,以构件的动态配置为基础,采用建模的方法来研究CPS的软件动态配置,提出了基于反射的CPS软件动态配置模型,并对其进行了分析和设计。本文完成的主要工作有:
(1)本文首先分析了软件构件、CPS的软件体系结构与基于构件的CPS软件系统动态配置实施相关的技术,在动态配置过程、配置描述、系统一致性和动态配置算法四个方面对CPS的软件动态配置机制进行了论述,为接下来CPS的软件动态配置模型的建立和分析提供了指导。
(2)反射机制和反射体系是系统动态配置的基础。本文建立了包含反射机制和反射体系的CPS反射式软件动态配置模型CPSRDRM。CPSRDRM刻画了CPS中动态配置系统的反射本质,描绘了动态配置的工作原理及过程,指出了动态配置的各构成要素,为分析和评价CPS动态配置提供了统一框架。针对CPSRDRM模型,本文分析了其元数据和元协议包括的具体内容,研究了元协议中调控协议的正确性约束,为元数据和元协议的设计提供了基础。
(3)针对CPSRDRM模型的元数据,本文设计了其中的构件、连接件、连接关系和环境的描述规则,并使用XML对其分别进行了描述,为构件的开发、部署以及系统配置的描述提供了依据。针对CPSRDRM模型的调控协议,本文设计了其中的动态配置算法,提出了支持构件删除、构件添加、构件替换、连接建立、连接删除和构件属性设置六种基本动态配置意图的动态配置算法,为配置复杂、功能强大的复合动态配置意图的实施奠定了基础。
(4)本文最后通过一个CPS中负载均衡子系统的分析和设计来详细阐述前面提出的动态配置模型,分析了负载均衡子系统的系统需求、系统结构以及基本流程,并通过其在CPSRDRM模型上的映射来对CPSRDRM模型产生更直观的了解。
Along with the rapid development of computing, embedded computing, sensing, communication and automatic control technology, CPS is brought forward. In 2006, NSF advanced the concept of Cyber-Physical System based on the embedded system. CPS is a new intelligence system which puts intelligence and control abilities into the embedded system, and it is the new trend of the development of computing and physical device systems.
The scale and complexity of CPS are much larger than the current physical device systems, but from the view of software architecture, all the systems are composed of components according to some rules. Components are reuseable software factors for building a system, and they are carriers of system funcitons. System components, components' location and the relationship between components together form the system configuration. The technology that changes system configuration when running is called dynamic reconfiguration. Dynamic reconfiguration technology can support the self-adaptation of CPS, so that CPS can follow the development of technology, meet various requirements and adapt to comlicated and changeable evironment.
The thesis starts from the software architecture of CPS, based on the dynamic reconfiguration of components, uses modeling technology to research the dynamic reconfiguration of software in CPS, and advances the CPSRDRM based on reflection, the main work of the thesis includes the followings:
1. Firstly, the thesis analysis the technology about software component, the software architecture of CPS and software dynamic reconfiguration in CPS based on component, describes the software dynamic reconfiguration mechanism of CPS in four aspects: dynamic reconfiguration procedure, configuration description, system constraint and dynamic reconfiguration algorithm, which supervises the developing and analysis of software dynamic reconfiguration model in CPS.
2. The reflecting mechanism and the reflecting system are the foundations of dynamic reconfiguration. So firstly the thesis puts forward the reflecting dynamic reconfiguration model named CPSRDRM which comprises the reflecting mechanism and the reflecting system. For the dynamic reconfiguration system, CPSRDRM depicts its reflecting nature, describes its working process, and points out its composing elements, thus provides a unified framework to analyze and evaluate different dynamic reconfiguration systems. The thesis analysis the content of metadata and metaprotocol of CPSRDRM, including the correctness constraint of the intercessory protocol, all the work is carried out to support the correctness, flexibility and effectivity of dynamic reconfiguration.
3. Aim at the CPSMD of CPSRDRM, the thesis designs the description rules of component, connector, connection and environment, and describes them by XML, provides foudations for component's development, deployment and configuration description. Aim at the CPSInterProtocol of CPSRDRM, the thesis designs its dynamic reconfiguration algorithms, including component creation, component removal, component replacement, component migration, connection creation, connection removal and component attribute configuration, establishes the foundation of compound reconfiguration intentions which are complex and powerful.
4. Lastly, the thesis describes the CPSRDRM through the analyzing and designing of a load-balancing subsystem in CPS. The thesis analysis the subsystem's requirements, architecture and workflow. We can realize CPSRDRM more intuitionistic by mapping the subsystem into CPSRDRM.
引文
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[2] Baheti R, Gill H. Cyber-physical systems. The Impact of Control Technology. Washington D. C., USA: IEEE. 2011.
[3] The CPS Steering Group. Cyber-Physical Systems Executive Summary[C]. 2008.
[4] Lin J, Sedigh S, Miller A. A general framework for quantitative modeling of dependability in cyber-physical systems: a proposal for doctoral research. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference. Seattle, USA: IEEE. 2009.
[5] Sastry S S. Networked embedded systems: from sensor webs to cyber-physical systems. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control. Berlin, Germany: Springer. 2007.
[6] Branicky M. CPS initiative overview. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Robotics and Cyber-Physical Systems. Washington D. C., USA: IEEE. 2008.
[7] Krogh B, Ilic M D, Sastry S S. Networked Embedded Control for Cyber-Physical Systems: Research Strategies and Roadmap, Technical Report, Team for Research in Ubitquitous Secure Technology, USA. 2007
[8]马文方.CPS:从感知网到感控网.中国计算机报.2010.
[9]何积丰,Cyber-physical Systems [J].中国计算机学会通讯,2010,6 (1): 25-29.
[10] Christophe T, Chen Yang-quan. Optimal MobileActuator/Sensor network Motion Strategy for Parameter Estimation in a Class of Cyber-Physical System [C]. Proceedings of the American Control Conference. 2009:367-372.
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