基于生命周期的制造企业供应商选择研究
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摘要
当今宏观经济发展态势对制造企业供应链管理提出更高要求,其管理效率直接影响到制造企业的整体竞争力。迅速变化的市场环境也使得静态的供应链管理理念不利于企业长远发展。而关系到供应链的效率和效益的供应商选择指标,同样会随企业在发展过程中战略、策略的变动而调整着。通过本文研究,希望能够唤醒企业对供应商进行动态选择和评估的意识;通过对生命周期各阶段企业对供应商选择标准权重变化的分析,为正处在创立初期的企业提供可以借鉴的思路。
本文首先对国内外有关供应商选择的文献进行了综述。之后在建立生命周期模型基础上对企业在生命周期不同阶段的特点进行了详尽分析,并对在各阶段中决定企业成长的各种因素进行了重要性比较,为下文研究打下坚实的理论基础。在生命周期不同阶段,企业的竞争力是有变化的,这种变化导致了对供应商选择标准的变化。本文在建立了企业竞争力指标体系以及制造企业供应商选择指标体系基础上,建立了基于生命周期的制造企业供应商选择机理模型。通过对5家典型制造企业近1年的观察研究的基础上,本文分析了初创期、成长期和成熟期供应商选择机理。在文章最后,选择了一家企业进行了详细的案例分析。
在生命周期不同阶段,企业对供应商的选择标准是不同的。把企业生命周期理论与供应商选择结合起来研究是本文的一个创新。同时在对供应商进行选择时,本文还提供了如下一种新的思路:以企业竞争力指标体系为考量标准,依照其在生命周期不同阶段的变化来决定对供应商的选择标准的侧重。这样的选择思路不仅能够保证企业对供应商进行动态评估和管理,而且据此思路对供应商进行正确选择会增强核心制造企业的整体竞争力。
Present macro economic trend put higher demands on the supply chain management (SCM) of manufacturing enterprises, the efficiency of which has influence on the enterprise's overall competitive competence directly. Static SCM is not beneficial for enterprise's long-run development because of the vertiginous market environment. As to the vendor selection relating to the efficiency of the whole supply chain should also adjust with the finetune of enterprise's strategies and tactics when developing. Through studies, this article hopes to arouse enterprise's consciousness in vendor selection and assessment; by analyzing weighing changes of vendor selection marks which are used by enterprises during the life cycle, calls on enterprises which are in starting stage setting up scientific SCM consciousness.
This article first summarizes documents about vendor selection in and out of China. On the base of setting up life cycle model, this article carefully analyses characters of different stages of the life cycle and then compare the degree of importance of those factors which decide the growing of the enterprise. All of above set a firm foundation for the following theoretical research. The competitive competence of an enterprise is changing when in different stages of life cycle. The changes result in differences of marks for vendor selection. This article builds a selection model for vendor selection of manufacturing enterprises basing on life cycle, on the foundation of building an index system for enterprise competitive competence and index system for vendor selection of manufacturing enterprises. After inspecting and researching 5 representative enterprises nearly 1 year, this article analyzes the selection mechanism. In the end of this paper, this article does a careful case analysis with an enterprise.
In stages of life cycle, marks for vendor selection of enterprise are different. Researching by combining enterprise life cycle theory and vendor selection is a new try of this article. Meanwhile, when selecting vendors, this article provides a new thought: choosing marks system for enterprise competitive competence as measuring standards, following with their changes during different stages of enterprise life cycle, to decide which marks of vendors should be considered more by enterprises. This train of thought can not only assure the dynamic assessment and management enterprises do to vendors, besides, choosing vendors in right methods under this thought can enhance core manufacturing enterprise's overall competitive competence.
本文首先对国内外有关供应商选择的文献进行了综述。之后在建立生命周期模型基础上对企业在生命周期不同阶段的特点进行了详尽分析,并对在各阶段中决定企业成长的各种因素进行了重要性比较,为下文研究打下坚实的理论基础。在生命周期不同阶段,企业的竞争力是有变化的,这种变化导致了对供应商选择标准的变化。本文在建立了企业竞争力指标体系以及制造企业供应商选择指标体系基础上,建立了基于生命周期的制造企业供应商选择机理模型。通过对5家典型制造企业近1年的观察研究的基础上,本文分析了初创期、成长期和成熟期供应商选择机理。在文章最后,选择了一家企业进行了详细的案例分析。
在生命周期不同阶段,企业对供应商的选择标准是不同的。把企业生命周期理论与供应商选择结合起来研究是本文的一个创新。同时在对供应商进行选择时,本文还提供了如下一种新的思路:以企业竞争力指标体系为考量标准,依照其在生命周期不同阶段的变化来决定对供应商的选择标准的侧重。这样的选择思路不仅能够保证企业对供应商进行动态评估和管理,而且据此思路对供应商进行正确选择会增强核心制造企业的整体竞争力。
Present macro economic trend put higher demands on the supply chain management (SCM) of manufacturing enterprises, the efficiency of which has influence on the enterprise's overall competitive competence directly. Static SCM is not beneficial for enterprise's long-run development because of the vertiginous market environment. As to the vendor selection relating to the efficiency of the whole supply chain should also adjust with the finetune of enterprise's strategies and tactics when developing. Through studies, this article hopes to arouse enterprise's consciousness in vendor selection and assessment; by analyzing weighing changes of vendor selection marks which are used by enterprises during the life cycle, calls on enterprises which are in starting stage setting up scientific SCM consciousness.
This article first summarizes documents about vendor selection in and out of China. On the base of setting up life cycle model, this article carefully analyses characters of different stages of the life cycle and then compare the degree of importance of those factors which decide the growing of the enterprise. All of above set a firm foundation for the following theoretical research. The competitive competence of an enterprise is changing when in different stages of life cycle. The changes result in differences of marks for vendor selection. This article builds a selection model for vendor selection of manufacturing enterprises basing on life cycle, on the foundation of building an index system for enterprise competitive competence and index system for vendor selection of manufacturing enterprises. After inspecting and researching 5 representative enterprises nearly 1 year, this article analyzes the selection mechanism. In the end of this paper, this article does a careful case analysis with an enterprise.
In stages of life cycle, marks for vendor selection of enterprise are different. Researching by combining enterprise life cycle theory and vendor selection is a new try of this article. Meanwhile, when selecting vendors, this article provides a new thought: choosing marks system for enterprise competitive competence as measuring standards, following with their changes during different stages of enterprise life cycle, to decide which marks of vendors should be considered more by enterprises. This train of thought can not only assure the dynamic assessment and management enterprises do to vendors, besides, choosing vendors in right methods under this thought can enhance core manufacturing enterprise's overall competitive competence.
引文
1 丁刚.国际产业转移对中国能源消耗的影响[R].国家发展和改革委员会宏观经济研究院网站http://www.amr.gov.cn:8080/yjbg.nsf/xszz/699FFA254CEC522A4825734E002C5894?Opendocument.2007-07-15
2 赵以国.企业家对企业生命周期的论述及其给我们的启示[Z].中国管理传播网http://manage.org.cn/Article/200304/1490.html.2003-04-15
3 谢君,胡容兵.供应链的合作伙伴选择方法综述[J].价值工程,2005,(1):43-46
4 汤湘希.企业核心竞争力评价与会计信息解读研究[J].财会通讯《学术版》,2006,(4):3-12
5 Neil C.Churchill,Virginia L.Lewis.The Five Stages of Small Business Growth[J].Harvard Business.1982,(5-6):30-50
6 胡大立.企业竞争力决定因素极其形成机理分析著[M].经济管理出版社,2004,(19):133-134
7 黄致远,高勇.浅谈制造企业供应商评价指标体系[J].物流科技,2007,(9):135-137
8 张秀萍.供应链竞争力[M].中国人民大学出版社,2005:187
9 广本自主汽车考虑加强本土零部件供应商合作.中国金属加工在线 http://www.qiche.com.cn.2008-05-04
10 案例:联想供应链脱节的四大原因[Z].http://www.cpw.com.cn/Article/2007-3/200735110533523006.Htm.转自《牛津管理评论》 2007-03-05
11 深圳飞亚达(集团)股份有限公司招股说明书[Z].http://share.jrj.com.cn/cominfo/ggdetail_1993-03-10_200026_111892.htm.1993-03-10
12 Windy Wang.飞亚达公司总经理徐东升:飞亚达与神六同行[Z].新浪财经http://finance.sina.com.cn/leadership/crz/20060515/13492568197.shtml.2006-05-16
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2 赵以国.企业家对企业生命周期的论述及其给我们的启示[Z].中国管理传播网http://manage.org.cn/Article/200304/1490.html.2003-04-15
3 谢君,胡容兵.供应链的合作伙伴选择方法综述[J].价值工程,2005,(1):43-46
4 汤湘希.企业核心竞争力评价与会计信息解读研究[J].财会通讯《学术版》,2006,(4):3-12
5 Neil C.Churchill,Virginia L.Lewis.The Five Stages of Small Business Growth[J].Harvard Business.1982,(5-6):30-50
6 胡大立.企业竞争力决定因素极其形成机理分析著[M].经济管理出版社,2004,(19):133-134
7 黄致远,高勇.浅谈制造企业供应商评价指标体系[J].物流科技,2007,(9):135-137
8 张秀萍.供应链竞争力[M].中国人民大学出版社,2005:187
9 广本自主汽车考虑加强本土零部件供应商合作.中国金属加工在线 http://www.qiche.com.cn.2008-05-04
10 案例:联想供应链脱节的四大原因[Z].http://www.cpw.com.cn/Article/2007-3/200735110533523006.Htm.转自《牛津管理评论》 2007-03-05
11 深圳飞亚达(集团)股份有限公司招股说明书[Z].http://share.jrj.com.cn/cominfo/ggdetail_1993-03-10_200026_111892.htm.1993-03-10
12 Windy Wang.飞亚达公司总经理徐东升:飞亚达与神六同行[Z].新浪财经http://finance.sina.com.cn/leadership/crz/20060515/13492568197.shtml.2006-05-16
[1]David Faulkner,Cliff Bowman.竞争战略[M].中国人民大学出版社,Prentice Hall出版公司,影印本,1997
[2]Williams,R.F.Purchasing the technological product:selecting and weighting criteria for the inherently complex new product[M].University Microfilms International,1984
[3]王秀丽.企业核心竞争力的评价方法体系研究[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2007
[4]胡泳.张瑞敏谈管理[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,2007
[5]张余华.家族企业发展进程及治理模式研究[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2006
[6]文丽.华为的管理模式[M].深圳:海天出版社,2006
[7]李桂兰,程淮中.基于企业生命周期的财务战略研究[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,2006
[8]张勇.现代企业生命力--现代企业生命周期论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
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