基於多目標評準技術建構食品業供應商選擇研究與應用
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摘要
供应商选择其中一个最重要的功能是帮助企业节省材料成本,提高竞争优势。网路分析法(Analytic Network Process)是一种相对较新的多准则决策方法,它可以处理各种交互系统。但在ANP程式中,用平均法(相当於集群加权)获得加权超级矩阵似乎是不合理的,因为各准则问有不同程度的影响,不该用平均的方式来计算。所以本研究提出了一种有效的解决方案,结合网路分析法(ANP)和决策试验与实验评估法(DEMATEL)依企业的需要选择最佳的供应商。DEMATEL方法被用於将系统中各准则间之复杂因果关系以视觉化结构图呈现,并取得准则问互相影响的程度。而且透过这些互相影响的程度做为参考值,用以正规化ANP之超级矩阵求得相对重要性权重。为了做到这一点,首先,本文透过国际期刊文章的文献回顾,调查在多目标供应商选择问题中,最流行被使用的构面与准则。其次,按照最流行的准则来设计DEMATEL问卷。第三,请WP餐饮集团采购部门的经理进行问卷填答,利用一个结合DEMATEL与ANP的方法来分析和计算经理的意见。其分析结果将代表供应商选择问题中,可以提高评估效能的关键因素准则,并且提出那些准则会对其它准则造成影响,还有计算各个准则的相对重要性权重。本研究以DANP问券进行前测与正式问卷,研究结果指出,透过网路关系图发现大陆与台湾在供应商评选构面与指标问的互相影响存在认知差异。最後,本研究针对台湾与大陆对於供应商的评选指标投入资源重要性进行探讨与提出实务上的见解。供後续学术界与实务界之参考。
Supplier selection is one of the most important functions helping businesses save material cost and increase competitive advantage. The analytic network process(ANP) is a relatively new MCDM method which can deal with all kinds of interactions systematically. But in the ANP procedures, using average method (equal cluster-weighted) to obtain the weighted super-matrix seems to be irrational because there are different degrees of influence among the criteria. This paper proposes an effective solution based on a combined ANP and the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(DEMATEL) approach to help companies that need to select the best supplier. The DEMATEL method is used to visualize the structure of complicated causal relationships between criteria of a system and obtain the influence level of these criteria, then adopt these influence level values as the base of normalization super-matrix for calculating ANP weights to obtain the relative importance. In order to do so, first,this paper surveys the multi-criteria supplier selection approaches through a literature review and classification of the international journal articles, revealed that most popular construct and criteria. The second, according the most popular criteria to design DEMATEL questionnaire. Third, managers of Wang Group purchasing department were summoned and surveyed. Then, using an integrated method combined DEMATEL and ANP to analysis and compute the managers' answer. The result will represent supplier performance to find key factor criteria to improve performance, and propose the most important criteria which affects other criteria and the weight of each criterion. This study conducted a survey via DMATEL and ANP questionnaire for pretest and empirical study. The research results showed that the perceived differences between China and Taiwan in selecting supplier and the inter relationship of supplier selection dimensions and criteria. Finally, this study provided the practical strategy suggestions and recommendations for improving the input resources priority and strategy quality for selecting supplier both in China and Taiwan.
Supplier selection is one of the most important functions helping businesses save material cost and increase competitive advantage. The analytic network process(ANP) is a relatively new MCDM method which can deal with all kinds of interactions systematically. But in the ANP procedures, using average method (equal cluster-weighted) to obtain the weighted super-matrix seems to be irrational because there are different degrees of influence among the criteria. This paper proposes an effective solution based on a combined ANP and the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(DEMATEL) approach to help companies that need to select the best supplier. The DEMATEL method is used to visualize the structure of complicated causal relationships between criteria of a system and obtain the influence level of these criteria, then adopt these influence level values as the base of normalization super-matrix for calculating ANP weights to obtain the relative importance. In order to do so, first,this paper surveys the multi-criteria supplier selection approaches through a literature review and classification of the international journal articles, revealed that most popular construct and criteria. The second, according the most popular criteria to design DEMATEL questionnaire. Third, managers of Wang Group purchasing department were summoned and surveyed. Then, using an integrated method combined DEMATEL and ANP to analysis and compute the managers' answer. The result will represent supplier performance to find key factor criteria to improve performance, and propose the most important criteria which affects other criteria and the weight of each criterion. This study conducted a survey via DMATEL and ANP questionnaire for pretest and empirical study. The research results showed that the perceived differences between China and Taiwan in selecting supplier and the inter relationship of supplier selection dimensions and criteria. Finally, this study provided the practical strategy suggestions and recommendations for improving the input resources priority and strategy quality for selecting supplier both in China and Taiwan.
引文
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