储能型永磁直驱风力发电系统并网运行控制研究
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摘要
风力发电是可再生能源发电中解决当前世界环境污染和能源危机问题最有效途径之一,也是最具有大规模开发条件和商业化前景的发电方式,越来越受到世界各国的重视。由于风速具有随机波动性,因此风力发电并网功率波动很大,这对电网运行的稳定性及经济性带来负面影响。目前,新的电网规则均要求并网风电机组具有一定的低电压穿越能力,当电网发生严重短路故障时,并网风电机组能够不脱网运行,同时可以向电网提供一定的无功功率。随着我国GW级风电场的建设,风电规模的不断增大以及风电的电网穿透率不断上升,风电场输出功率的波动性给电网运行带来的不利影响亟待解决。本文以台达电力电子科教发展计划基金和电力系统国家重点实验室项目“储能型永磁直驱风力发电系统并网运行控制研究”为课题背景,基于永磁直驱风电机组,主要研究了应用电池储能提高机组的低电压穿越能力和平滑风力发电输出功率,以有效改善大规模并网风电场的电能质量和稳定性。
首先,根据永磁直驱风电机组的工作原理,提出了双PWM变流器的控制策略,设计了三相电压软件锁相环SPLL,并通过仿真验证了风能最大功率跟踪控制、SPLL、SVPWM控制算法和双PWM变流器控制策略的正确性和有效性。
其次,分析了VRB具有的特点,并根据VRB工作原理,搭建了其等效电路模型,通过仿真验证了其良好的充放电特性。分别对在机组直流侧增加卸荷电阻和储能电池两种提高机组低电压穿越能力的方法进行了分析和系统建模,并通过仿真验证了这两种控制策略的正确性。搭建了在风电场出口处集中配置VRB储能系统平滑风电场输出功率的仿真模型,并通过仿真验证了所提出储能系统变流器控制策略的正确性和有效性。
最后,对储能系统进行了硬件和软件设计,搭建了应用电池储能平滑风电输出功率的小功率系统硬件实验平台,实验结果验证了应用电池储能够快速吞吐风力发电输出功率,有效平滑风力发电输出功率,以及所提出控制策略的正确性和有效性。
本文所做的研究工作,为永磁直驱同步风力发电机组提高低电压穿越能力和提高并网风电场的电能质量和稳定性提供了一定的理论参考依据,为工程应用奠定了基础。
Wind power is one of most effective ways to solve the world's environmental pollution and energy crisis in renewable energy generation. It is a power generation mode with the most large-scale development conditions and commercial prospects, which has been drawn more attention to many countries. The intermittent and random fluctuation of wind speed result that wind power grid-connected power fluctuates largely, which has a negative influence to stability and economy of power grid operation. Currently, the new power grid rules require that wind turbines have low voltage ride through (LVRT) capacity. When the short-circuit fault occurs, wind turbine not only can grid-connected operation, but also can provide a certain reactive power. With the construction of GW class wind farms, the scale of wind power is growing and grid penetration of wind power is rising, so the adverse effects of output power fluctuations must be resolved. Taking the Power Electronics Science and Education Development Program of Delta Environmental & Educational Foundation and State Key Lab. of Power System project "Energy storage based direct-drive permanent magnet wind power grid-connected operation control system" as the background of the subject, the main study contents in this paper are that using battery energy storage to improve LVRT capability and smooth output power based on direct-drive permanent magnet wind turbine, in order to effectively improve power quality and stability of the large-scale grid-connected wind farms.
Firstly, according to direct-drive permanent magnet wind turbine working principle, this paper proposes dual PWM converter control strategy and designs SPLL. The simulation results show that the correctness and affectivity of the MPPT control of wind, SPLL, SVPWM control algorithm and dual PWM converter control strategy.
Secondly, this paper analyzes the characteristics of VRB. According to VRB working principle, its equivalent circuit mode is built. The simulation results show its good charge and discharge characteristics. The two ways to improve wind turbines LVRT capacity by adding unloading resistance and VRB ESS at DC-Side are analyzed and modeled, and the simulation results show the correctness of two control strategies. The simulation model is built which VRB ESS are equipped at the outlet of wind farm to smooth output power. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy of AC/DC PWM converter is correct and effective for VRB ESS.
Finally, the hardware and software of ESS are designed. The small power hardware test platform of smoothing wind power output power with battery energy storage is built. The experimental results verify that the energy storage battery can fast throughput output power fluctuation and effectively smooth wind power output power and the proposed control strategies are correct and effective.
The work of this paper provides theoretical basis and reference for improving the LVRT capacity of direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind turbine and power quality and stability of grid-connected wind farm, and also provides the foundation for the engineering application.
首先,根据永磁直驱风电机组的工作原理,提出了双PWM变流器的控制策略,设计了三相电压软件锁相环SPLL,并通过仿真验证了风能最大功率跟踪控制、SPLL、SVPWM控制算法和双PWM变流器控制策略的正确性和有效性。
其次,分析了VRB具有的特点,并根据VRB工作原理,搭建了其等效电路模型,通过仿真验证了其良好的充放电特性。分别对在机组直流侧增加卸荷电阻和储能电池两种提高机组低电压穿越能力的方法进行了分析和系统建模,并通过仿真验证了这两种控制策略的正确性。搭建了在风电场出口处集中配置VRB储能系统平滑风电场输出功率的仿真模型,并通过仿真验证了所提出储能系统变流器控制策略的正确性和有效性。
最后,对储能系统进行了硬件和软件设计,搭建了应用电池储能平滑风电输出功率的小功率系统硬件实验平台,实验结果验证了应用电池储能够快速吞吐风力发电输出功率,有效平滑风力发电输出功率,以及所提出控制策略的正确性和有效性。
本文所做的研究工作,为永磁直驱同步风力发电机组提高低电压穿越能力和提高并网风电场的电能质量和稳定性提供了一定的理论参考依据,为工程应用奠定了基础。
Wind power is one of most effective ways to solve the world's environmental pollution and energy crisis in renewable energy generation. It is a power generation mode with the most large-scale development conditions and commercial prospects, which has been drawn more attention to many countries. The intermittent and random fluctuation of wind speed result that wind power grid-connected power fluctuates largely, which has a negative influence to stability and economy of power grid operation. Currently, the new power grid rules require that wind turbines have low voltage ride through (LVRT) capacity. When the short-circuit fault occurs, wind turbine not only can grid-connected operation, but also can provide a certain reactive power. With the construction of GW class wind farms, the scale of wind power is growing and grid penetration of wind power is rising, so the adverse effects of output power fluctuations must be resolved. Taking the Power Electronics Science and Education Development Program of Delta Environmental & Educational Foundation and State Key Lab. of Power System project "Energy storage based direct-drive permanent magnet wind power grid-connected operation control system" as the background of the subject, the main study contents in this paper are that using battery energy storage to improve LVRT capability and smooth output power based on direct-drive permanent magnet wind turbine, in order to effectively improve power quality and stability of the large-scale grid-connected wind farms.
Firstly, according to direct-drive permanent magnet wind turbine working principle, this paper proposes dual PWM converter control strategy and designs SPLL. The simulation results show that the correctness and affectivity of the MPPT control of wind, SPLL, SVPWM control algorithm and dual PWM converter control strategy.
Secondly, this paper analyzes the characteristics of VRB. According to VRB working principle, its equivalent circuit mode is built. The simulation results show its good charge and discharge characteristics. The two ways to improve wind turbines LVRT capacity by adding unloading resistance and VRB ESS at DC-Side are analyzed and modeled, and the simulation results show the correctness of two control strategies. The simulation model is built which VRB ESS are equipped at the outlet of wind farm to smooth output power. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy of AC/DC PWM converter is correct and effective for VRB ESS.
Finally, the hardware and software of ESS are designed. The small power hardware test platform of smoothing wind power output power with battery energy storage is built. The experimental results verify that the energy storage battery can fast throughput output power fluctuation and effectively smooth wind power output power and the proposed control strategies are correct and effective.
The work of this paper provides theoretical basis and reference for improving the LVRT capacity of direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind turbine and power quality and stability of grid-connected wind farm, and also provides the foundation for the engineering application.
引文
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[4]卢洪锋.交流励磁风力发电系统及其控制策略研究[学位论文].北京.华北电力大学.2007.2-4.
[5]刘其辉.变速恒频风力发电系统运行与控制研究[学位论文].浙江.浙江大学.2005.13-16.
[6]朱宁.风力发电PWM变流器及其控制策略[学位论文].北京,北京交通大学,2007.4-7.
[7]Kgs.Lyngby. Analysis of dynamic behaviour of electric power systems with large amount of wind power[D]. Technical University of Denmark, Denmark,2003.2-10.
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[9]胡家兵,贺益康,刘其辉.基于最佳功率给定的最大风能追踪控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2005，29(24)：32-38.
[10]R.J.Wai, C.Y.Lin, Y.R.Chang. Novel maximum-power-extraction algorithm for PMSG wind generation system[J]. IET Electric Power Applications,2007,1(2):275-283.
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[12]T.Senjyu, S.Tamaki, N. Urasaki. Wind velocity and rotor position sensorless maximum power point tracking control for wind generation system [C]. Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2004:2023-2028.
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[14]Esmaili R, Xu L, Nichols D K. A new control method of permanent magnet generator for maximum power tracking in wind turbine application[C]//IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, San Francisco, USA:2005 3:2090-2095.
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