摘要
作为世界上发展最快的可再生能源,风能受到了世界各国的关注。直驱型风电机组因其具有能量转换效率高、可靠性高、并网功率控制灵活等优点,成为了继双馈型风电机组之后风力发电技术领域的重要研究方向。本文对直驱永磁机组的建模、控制策略问题进行了研究,并通过仿真验证了理论研究的正确性。本文的主要内容如下:
首先,本文对永磁直驱风力发电系统进行了数学建模,其中包括风速模型、风力机模型、永磁同步发电机模型、以及变流器模型。并对其主回路器件参数进行了设计
其次,本文对网侧变流器和机侧变流器的控制策略进行了研究。在详细分析网侧变流器运行原理及数学模型的基础上,设计了基于电网电压定向的双闭环控制系统。重点研究了空间电压矢量SVPWM的调制方法,并建立了PSCAD仿真模块。对于机侧变流器,在详细分析了永磁同步机数学模型的基础上设计了d轴磁链定向矢量控制系统,并在变风速下设计了最佳叶尖速比控制来实现最大风能追踪。在PSCAD/EMTDC平台上搭建了相应的运行仿真系统,分别在恒风速下、变风速下进行了仿真实验。仿真结果表明,该系统具有直流电压稳定、网侧输出电流谐波小、有/无功功率独立调节、响应速度快等优点;验证了机侧采用最佳叶尖速比最大风能追踪策略正确性和可行性。
最后,本文分析了低电压穿越的必要性和实现方法,重点研究了直流侧耗能Crowbar电路的低电压穿越技术,并对其进行了仿真验证,证明了其有效性和正确性。
As the world's fastest growing renewable energy source, wind energy has drawn worldwide attention. Direct-driven wind generation system is considered to be an important research direction in wind generation technology area due to its superiorities of being gearless, no slip rings and brushes, flexible power control ability, etc. This thesis has studied on the modeling, control strategy of the direct-driven Permanent magnet synchronous Generator based wind turbine. Simulations demonstrate the correctness of the research results. Following are the major research work of this dissertation. The main content of this thesis are as follows:
Firstly, mathematical model of permanent-magnetic direct-drive wind power generation system is built, including wind speed, wind turbine, Permanent magnet synchronous Generator and converter. And the device parameters of main circuit of dual PWM converter are designed.
Secondly, research on control strategies of grid-side converter and generator-side. Based on the deep analysis of the operation principle and mathematic model of the grid-side converter, double closed loop control scheme based on a grid voltage oriented vector is designed. Based on analysis of modulation principle of SVPWM, PSCAD simulation module is built. For generator-grid converter, based on deep analysis of the mathematic model of PMSG, a d axis flux oriented vector control strategy is designed,the algorithm of the optimal tip-speed ratio is also designed to realize Maximum power tracking in Variable wind speed.Simulation platform of Direct-driven wind generation system was built in PSCAD/EMTDC. After that, the simulation was made on the platform respectively in constant wind speed and variable wind speed. The simulation results show that the grid-side converter can achieve keeping dc-link voltage in constant, low output harmonic current, utility operating, independent regulation of active and reactive power, etc, and show that the correctness and feasibility of the algorithm of the optimal tip-speed ratio.
Finally, Analyses the necessity and the methods of realization of LVRT. And mainly research on the power dissipative Crowbar circuit. The simulation of LVRT was made in PSCAD and its validity is confirmed.
引文
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