含氮杂环配合物及金属离子液体的合成和电化学性质研究
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摘要
本论文合成了68个新的含氮杂环苯并咪唑、三唑和苯并三唑衍生物配体及其金属配合物,125个不同烷基取代的咪唑、苯并咪唑和苯并三唑氯盐离子液体以及相应的含金属离子液体,通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振和X-射线晶体衍射表征结构。研究了这些化合物的电导率、热稳定性、电化学和电催化等性质。
1.合成了58个新的1-烷基-苯并咪唑配体[C_nH_(2n+1)-bim](n=3、4、5、8和10;bim=苯并咪唑)及相应的金属配合物[M(C_nH_(2n+1)-bim)_2X_2](M=Co、Cu、Zn、Cd和Fe;X=Cl~-、Br~-、NO_3~-和SCN~-),得到了[Co(C_3H_7-bim)_2Br_2]、[Cu_4(C_4H_9-bim)4Cl6O]和[Zn(C_3H_7-bim)2Br2]等9个化合物的单晶并进行了结构分析。在20℃至90℃的范围内,测试了1-烷基-苯并咪唑配合物在不同有机溶剂乙醇、乙腈、丙酮、四氢呋喃和N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺中的电导率,考察了有机溶剂、烷基链和金属盐对电导率的影响。将部分苯并咪唑配合物作为修饰剂制作本体修饰化学碳糊电极,通过循环伏安法测试了修饰电极的电化学性质,详细研究了它们对过氧化氢、亚硝酸根、溴酸根和三氯乙酸的电催化还原作用,对催化机理做了推断,测得了线性范围、检测限以及灵敏度。
2.合成了10个新的1-烷基-1,2,4-三唑及其配合物[M(C_nH_(2n+1)-taz)_2X_2](n=4和10;M=Co和Cu;X=Cl-、Br-和SCN-;taz=1,2,4-三唑)、1-戊基-1,2,3-苯并三唑及其氯化锌配合物[Zn(C_5H_(11)-bta)_2Cl_2](bta=苯并三唑)、甲基2-吡啶酮肟及其锰配合物{Mn[(2-py)CNOH]_2Cl_2}和{Mn[(2-py)CNOH]2(OAc)2} (py=吡啶)。得到了[Cu4(C_4H_9-taz)4Cl6O]、[Zn(C_5H_(11)-bta)_2Cl_2]和{Mn[(2-py)CNOH]_2Cl_2}等化合物的单晶并进行结构分析。通过循环伏安法研究了这些配合物修饰碳糊电极的电化学以及电催化性质。
3.合成了一系列119个1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体[Cn-mim]Cl(Cn=碳原子数为3、4、8、12、14、16和18的烷基链,mim=3-甲基咪唑)及其相应的含金属离子液体[Cn-mim]MX_m(M=Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cd、La、Ce、Nd和Y,X=Cl~-、NO_3~-和SCN~-)。这部分得到的含金属离子液体熔点都低于100℃。测试了所合成离子液体的电导率,考察了有机溶剂、烷基阳离子以及阴离子中金属离子和酸根对电导率的影响。通过示差扫描热分析(DSC)和热重分析(TG/DTG)研究了含氯化钴和含氯化铜的1-十四烷基、1-十六烷基和1-十八烷基-3-甲基咪唑的热稳定性。将得到的含金属离子液体用于修饰碳糊电极,在电极中含金属离子液体充当了催化剂和导体粘合剂的双重作用。修饰电极对过氧化氢、亚硝酸根、溴酸根、碘酸根和三氯乙酸表现优良的电催化还原作用,灵敏度高,检测限低,重现性好。而且修饰电极制作简便,稳定性好。
4.合成了含金属1,3-二烷基苯并咪唑离子液体[(C_3H_7)2-bim]2[CdCl4]和[(C10H21)2-bim]2[Cd2Cl6]、1,3-二丁基苯并三唑氯盐[(C_4H_9)2-bta]Cl(bta=苯并三唑)及其含氯化镉离子液体[(C_4H_9)2-bta][(C_4H_9-bta)CdCl3]。对得到的这三个含金属离子液体的晶体结构进行了详细分析。通过热重分析考察了含氯化镉1,3-二癸基苯并咪唑和含氯化镉1,3-二丁基苯并三唑的热稳定性。在DMF溶液中测试了三个含氯化镉离子液体的电导率。通过循环伏安法研究了含氯化镉离子液体修饰电极的电化学行为和电催化性质。
We synthesized 68 kinds of new aromatic N-heterocycles ligands from benzimidazole, triazole and benzotriazole derivatives and their metal complexes, 125 kinds of different alkyl imidazolium, benzimidazolium and benzotriazolium chloride ionic liquids and their corresponding metal-containing ionic liquids (MILs). These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, NMR spectra and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The conductivities, thermal analysis, electrochemical behaviors and electrocatalysis of these compounds were studied.
1. 58 kinds of new 1-alkyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole [C_nH_(2n+1)-bim](n =3, 4, 5, 8 and 10; bim = benzimidazole) and their metal complexes [M(C_nH_(2n+1)-bim)_2X_2] (M = Co, Cu, Zn, Cd and Fe; X = Cl~-, Br~-, NO_3~- and SCN~-) were synthesized. Nine crystal structures, such as [Co(C_3H_7-bim)_2Br_2], [Cu_4(C_4H_9-bim)_4Cl_6O], [Zn(C_3H_7-bim)_2Br_2] and so on were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the range of 20℃to 90℃, we investigated the conductivities of [M(C_nH_(2n+1)-bim)_2X_2] in the different solvents, such as ethanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, acetone and N,N’-dimethylformamide. And we discussed the impaction of solvent, alkyl chain and metal salts on the conductivity. Some metal complexes were used as bulk modifier to fabricate carbon paste electrodes. The electrochemical behaviors and electrocatalysis of these modified electrodes had been studied by cyclic voltammetry. These modified electrodes showed good electrocatalytic activities toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, nitrite, bromate and trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The possible mechanisms were proposed and the linear range, detection limit and sensitivity were measured.
2. 10 kinds of 1-alkyl-1,2,4-triazole and their metal complexes [M(C_nH_(2n+1)-taz)_2X_2] (n = 4 and 10; M = Co and Cu; X = Cl-, Br- and SCN-; taz = triazole), 1-pentyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole and [Zn(C_5H_(11)-bta)_2Cl_2] (bta = benzotriazole), methyl 2-pyridyl ketone oxime and Mn[(2-py)CNOH]_2Cl_2, Mn[(2-py)CNOH]_2(OAc)_2 (py = pyridine) were synthesized. The crystal structures of [Cu4(C_4H_9-taz)4Cl6O], [Zn(C_5H_(11)-bta)_2Cl_2], Mn[(2-py)CNOH]_2Cl_2 and so on were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical behaviors and electrocatalytic activities of these complexes modified electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry.
3. 119 kinds of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid [Cn-mim]Cl(Cn = alkyl chain of C_nH_(2n+1), n = 3, 4, 8, 12, 14, 16 and 18) and the corresponding MILs [Cn-mim]MX_m(M = Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, La, Ce, Nd and Y; X = Cl~-, NO_3~- and SCN~-) were synthesized. The melting points of these MILs were lower than 80℃. The conductivities of these compounds were measured. We discussed the impaction of solvent, alkyl cation, metal ions and anion on the conductivity. The thermal behaviors of [Cn-mim]_2[CoCl_4] and [Cn-mim]_2[CuCl_4] (n=14, 16 and 18) were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The MILs were used as bulk modifier to fabricate carbon paste electrodes (MIL/CPE) and had double functions of a binder and an electrocatalyst. The MIL/CPE showed good electrocatalytic activities toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, nitrite, bromate, iodate and trichloroacetic acid. These modified electrodes had good reproducibility, high stability, low detection limit, technical simplicity and possibility of rapid preparation.
4. The metal-containing ionic liquid of 1,3-dialkylbenzimidazole [(C_3H_7)2-bim]_2[CdCl_4], [(C_(10)H_(21))_2-bim]_2[Cd_2Cl_6] and 1,3-dibutylbenzotriazole chloride ionic liquid and [(C_4H_9)2-bta][(C_4H_9-bta)CdCl_3] (bta = benzotriazole) were synthesized. The crystal structures of three MILs were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. We studied the thermal stability and conductivities of them. They were also used as bulk modifier to fabricate carbon paste electrodes. The electrochemical behaviors and electrocatalytic properties of these modified carbon paste electrodes had been studied by cyclic voltammetry.
1.合成了58个新的1-烷基-苯并咪唑配体[C_nH_(2n+1)-bim](n=3、4、5、8和10;bim=苯并咪唑)及相应的金属配合物[M(C_nH_(2n+1)-bim)_2X_2](M=Co、Cu、Zn、Cd和Fe;X=Cl~-、Br~-、NO_3~-和SCN~-),得到了[Co(C_3H_7-bim)_2Br_2]、[Cu_4(C_4H_9-bim)4Cl6O]和[Zn(C_3H_7-bim)2Br2]等9个化合物的单晶并进行了结构分析。在20℃至90℃的范围内,测试了1-烷基-苯并咪唑配合物在不同有机溶剂乙醇、乙腈、丙酮、四氢呋喃和N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺中的电导率,考察了有机溶剂、烷基链和金属盐对电导率的影响。将部分苯并咪唑配合物作为修饰剂制作本体修饰化学碳糊电极,通过循环伏安法测试了修饰电极的电化学性质,详细研究了它们对过氧化氢、亚硝酸根、溴酸根和三氯乙酸的电催化还原作用,对催化机理做了推断,测得了线性范围、检测限以及灵敏度。
2.合成了10个新的1-烷基-1,2,4-三唑及其配合物[M(C_nH_(2n+1)-taz)_2X_2](n=4和10;M=Co和Cu;X=Cl-、Br-和SCN-;taz=1,2,4-三唑)、1-戊基-1,2,3-苯并三唑及其氯化锌配合物[Zn(C_5H_(11)-bta)_2Cl_2](bta=苯并三唑)、甲基2-吡啶酮肟及其锰配合物{Mn[(2-py)CNOH]_2Cl_2}和{Mn[(2-py)CNOH]2(OAc)2} (py=吡啶)。得到了[Cu4(C_4H_9-taz)4Cl6O]、[Zn(C_5H_(11)-bta)_2Cl_2]和{Mn[(2-py)CNOH]_2Cl_2}等化合物的单晶并进行结构分析。通过循环伏安法研究了这些配合物修饰碳糊电极的电化学以及电催化性质。
3.合成了一系列119个1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐离子液体[Cn-mim]Cl(Cn=碳原子数为3、4、8、12、14、16和18的烷基链,mim=3-甲基咪唑)及其相应的含金属离子液体[Cn-mim]MX_m(M=Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cd、La、Ce、Nd和Y,X=Cl~-、NO_3~-和SCN~-)。这部分得到的含金属离子液体熔点都低于100℃。测试了所合成离子液体的电导率,考察了有机溶剂、烷基阳离子以及阴离子中金属离子和酸根对电导率的影响。通过示差扫描热分析(DSC)和热重分析(TG/DTG)研究了含氯化钴和含氯化铜的1-十四烷基、1-十六烷基和1-十八烷基-3-甲基咪唑的热稳定性。将得到的含金属离子液体用于修饰碳糊电极,在电极中含金属离子液体充当了催化剂和导体粘合剂的双重作用。修饰电极对过氧化氢、亚硝酸根、溴酸根、碘酸根和三氯乙酸表现优良的电催化还原作用,灵敏度高,检测限低,重现性好。而且修饰电极制作简便,稳定性好。
4.合成了含金属1,3-二烷基苯并咪唑离子液体[(C_3H_7)2-bim]2[CdCl4]和[(C10H21)2-bim]2[Cd2Cl6]、1,3-二丁基苯并三唑氯盐[(C_4H_9)2-bta]Cl(bta=苯并三唑)及其含氯化镉离子液体[(C_4H_9)2-bta][(C_4H_9-bta)CdCl3]。对得到的这三个含金属离子液体的晶体结构进行了详细分析。通过热重分析考察了含氯化镉1,3-二癸基苯并咪唑和含氯化镉1,3-二丁基苯并三唑的热稳定性。在DMF溶液中测试了三个含氯化镉离子液体的电导率。通过循环伏安法研究了含氯化镉离子液体修饰电极的电化学行为和电催化性质。
We synthesized 68 kinds of new aromatic N-heterocycles ligands from benzimidazole, triazole and benzotriazole derivatives and their metal complexes, 125 kinds of different alkyl imidazolium, benzimidazolium and benzotriazolium chloride ionic liquids and their corresponding metal-containing ionic liquids (MILs). These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, NMR spectra and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The conductivities, thermal analysis, electrochemical behaviors and electrocatalysis of these compounds were studied.
1. 58 kinds of new 1-alkyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole [C_nH_(2n+1)-bim](n =3, 4, 5, 8 and 10; bim = benzimidazole) and their metal complexes [M(C_nH_(2n+1)-bim)_2X_2] (M = Co, Cu, Zn, Cd and Fe; X = Cl~-, Br~-, NO_3~- and SCN~-) were synthesized. Nine crystal structures, such as [Co(C_3H_7-bim)_2Br_2], [Cu_4(C_4H_9-bim)_4Cl_6O], [Zn(C_3H_7-bim)_2Br_2] and so on were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the range of 20℃to 90℃, we investigated the conductivities of [M(C_nH_(2n+1)-bim)_2X_2] in the different solvents, such as ethanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, acetone and N,N’-dimethylformamide. And we discussed the impaction of solvent, alkyl chain and metal salts on the conductivity. Some metal complexes were used as bulk modifier to fabricate carbon paste electrodes. The electrochemical behaviors and electrocatalysis of these modified electrodes had been studied by cyclic voltammetry. These modified electrodes showed good electrocatalytic activities toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, nitrite, bromate and trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The possible mechanisms were proposed and the linear range, detection limit and sensitivity were measured.
2. 10 kinds of 1-alkyl-1,2,4-triazole and their metal complexes [M(C_nH_(2n+1)-taz)_2X_2] (n = 4 and 10; M = Co and Cu; X = Cl-, Br- and SCN-; taz = triazole), 1-pentyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole and [Zn(C_5H_(11)-bta)_2Cl_2] (bta = benzotriazole), methyl 2-pyridyl ketone oxime and Mn[(2-py)CNOH]_2Cl_2, Mn[(2-py)CNOH]_2(OAc)_2 (py = pyridine) were synthesized. The crystal structures of [Cu4(C_4H_9-taz)4Cl6O], [Zn(C_5H_(11)-bta)_2Cl_2], Mn[(2-py)CNOH]_2Cl_2 and so on were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical behaviors and electrocatalytic activities of these complexes modified electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry.
3. 119 kinds of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid [Cn-mim]Cl(Cn = alkyl chain of C_nH_(2n+1), n = 3, 4, 8, 12, 14, 16 and 18) and the corresponding MILs [Cn-mim]MX_m(M = Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, La, Ce, Nd and Y; X = Cl~-, NO_3~- and SCN~-) were synthesized. The melting points of these MILs were lower than 80℃. The conductivities of these compounds were measured. We discussed the impaction of solvent, alkyl cation, metal ions and anion on the conductivity. The thermal behaviors of [Cn-mim]_2[CoCl_4] and [Cn-mim]_2[CuCl_4] (n=14, 16 and 18) were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The MILs were used as bulk modifier to fabricate carbon paste electrodes (MIL/CPE) and had double functions of a binder and an electrocatalyst. The MIL/CPE showed good electrocatalytic activities toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, nitrite, bromate, iodate and trichloroacetic acid. These modified electrodes had good reproducibility, high stability, low detection limit, technical simplicity and possibility of rapid preparation.
4. The metal-containing ionic liquid of 1,3-dialkylbenzimidazole [(C_3H_7)2-bim]_2[CdCl_4], [(C_(10)H_(21))_2-bim]_2[Cd_2Cl_6] and 1,3-dibutylbenzotriazole chloride ionic liquid and [(C_4H_9)2-bta][(C_4H_9-bta)CdCl_3] (bta = benzotriazole) were synthesized. The crystal structures of three MILs were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. We studied the thermal stability and conductivities of them. They were also used as bulk modifier to fabricate carbon paste electrodes. The electrochemical behaviors and electrocatalytic properties of these modified carbon paste electrodes had been studied by cyclic voltammetry.
引文
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