便携式运动员心血管功能检测系统的设计与开发
摘要
如何按照运动员个人生理情况安排训练计划、如何更有效地进行日常训练是教练员、运动员、队医们非常关注的问题。心血管功能对于运动员来说至关重要,而心血管血流参数是反映运动员的生理机能和心血管状态的重要生理学指标。目前,在运动员训练期间,对心血管状态的了解仅靠实验室检查,缺乏快捷、实时、现场的检测手段,因此会错过很多的关键生理状态、生理过程的评价,直接影响到对训练的监控以及运动成绩的提高。本课题的目的就是在原有的研究基础上,开发出便携的、能够在运动场地实时检测心血管功能的检测仪器,帮助教练员、队医随时随地观察运动员的心血管功能状态,了解运动员对训练计划的适应能力、心脏储备能力和恢复情况,为运动员选材、科学训练提供客观依据,因此具有非常重要的应用价值。
本文利用了现代嵌入式系统发展的近期成果,围绕嵌入式系统在血流动力学检测领域中的实际应用展开了讨论。在整体结构上,处理器采用基于ARM920T内核的S3C2410A高速应用处理器,操作系统采用Windows CE实时嵌入式操作系统。本文首先详细讨论了检测系统的硬件设计。整个硬件体系包括一个以处理器为核心、SDRAM和NAND Flash作为存储设备的最小系统,采用了适合便携式应用的电源管理,集成了各种外设,如显示器接口、以太网接口、USB接口、串口、SD/MMC接口等,同时针对脉搏波特点设计了模拟信号放大、滤波电路。接下来详细讨论了Windows CE操作系统的移植与定制,具体介绍了BootLoader、BSP以及驱动程序的移植,然后利用Platform Builder定制发布版本的Windows CE操作系统镜像文件。最后,介绍了针对系统的功能需求设计的应用支持软件。针对以往检测中存在的一些问题,如检测自动化程度低、检测结果不够直观简单等,本文都提出了相应的改善方法。应用软件采用MFC+Win32的方式,在Embedded Visual C++集成环境中开发。
论文最后对全文作了总结,提出了现有系统的不足并对其应用作了进一步展望。
How to arrange the training plan and make the training more effective according to personal physiological instance is the common spot which the coaches, atheletes, team doctors care. Cardiovascular function is extremely important to atheletes, and the cardiovascular parameters are the crucial physiological indexes which can reflect the physiological enginery and cardiovascular state. At present, while in the training of atheletes, the knowing of cardiovascular state is only realized by lab examination, the lack of convenient, real-time, spot detecting means causes the missing of evaluation to many critical physiological state and process, directly affecting inspection to training and improvement of grade. The aim of this project is to design a kind of portable detecting equipment which can real time detect cardiovascular function, helping coaches and doctors observe the heart function of athelets, know the adapting ability, heart storage ability of atheletes, providing impersonal basis for person selecting and scientific training, so, it would have very important value in application.
This paper uses the latest result of embedded system, and discusses the application of embedded system in cardiovascular detecting field. In the whole structure, we adopt rapid application CPU S3C2410A based on ARM920T kernel, and Windows CE real time embedded system. Firstly, the paper discusses the hardware design of dectecting system. The hardware architecture embraces the CPU, SDRAM, and NAND Flash, it adopts the power management which is suitable for portable applications, and it also integrates various external devices, including LCD display, Ethernet, USB device, UART, SD /MMC, and the analog signal circuit of amplification and filtering according to the characteristic of pulse wave. Then, we amply discuss the transplant and customization of Windows CE, introduce the replanting of BootLoader, BSP, and device driver, make the retail edition of Windows CE image by using Platform Builder. Last, we discuss the application software aiming at the function of detecting system, we give some solutions to some problems in previous detecting. The software is design by Embedded Visual C++ using MFC+Win32.
Finally, we make a summarization to this paper, indicating some disadvantage in the existing system and making an further expectation.
本文利用了现代嵌入式系统发展的近期成果,围绕嵌入式系统在血流动力学检测领域中的实际应用展开了讨论。在整体结构上,处理器采用基于ARM920T内核的S3C2410A高速应用处理器,操作系统采用Windows CE实时嵌入式操作系统。本文首先详细讨论了检测系统的硬件设计。整个硬件体系包括一个以处理器为核心、SDRAM和NAND Flash作为存储设备的最小系统,采用了适合便携式应用的电源管理,集成了各种外设,如显示器接口、以太网接口、USB接口、串口、SD/MMC接口等,同时针对脉搏波特点设计了模拟信号放大、滤波电路。接下来详细讨论了Windows CE操作系统的移植与定制,具体介绍了BootLoader、BSP以及驱动程序的移植,然后利用Platform Builder定制发布版本的Windows CE操作系统镜像文件。最后,介绍了针对系统的功能需求设计的应用支持软件。针对以往检测中存在的一些问题,如检测自动化程度低、检测结果不够直观简单等,本文都提出了相应的改善方法。应用软件采用MFC+Win32的方式,在Embedded Visual C++集成环境中开发。
论文最后对全文作了总结,提出了现有系统的不足并对其应用作了进一步展望。
How to arrange the training plan and make the training more effective according to personal physiological instance is the common spot which the coaches, atheletes, team doctors care. Cardiovascular function is extremely important to atheletes, and the cardiovascular parameters are the crucial physiological indexes which can reflect the physiological enginery and cardiovascular state. At present, while in the training of atheletes, the knowing of cardiovascular state is only realized by lab examination, the lack of convenient, real-time, spot detecting means causes the missing of evaluation to many critical physiological state and process, directly affecting inspection to training and improvement of grade. The aim of this project is to design a kind of portable detecting equipment which can real time detect cardiovascular function, helping coaches and doctors observe the heart function of athelets, know the adapting ability, heart storage ability of atheletes, providing impersonal basis for person selecting and scientific training, so, it would have very important value in application.
This paper uses the latest result of embedded system, and discusses the application of embedded system in cardiovascular detecting field. In the whole structure, we adopt rapid application CPU S3C2410A based on ARM920T kernel, and Windows CE real time embedded system. Firstly, the paper discusses the hardware design of dectecting system. The hardware architecture embraces the CPU, SDRAM, and NAND Flash, it adopts the power management which is suitable for portable applications, and it also integrates various external devices, including LCD display, Ethernet, USB device, UART, SD /MMC, and the analog signal circuit of amplification and filtering according to the characteristic of pulse wave. Then, we amply discuss the transplant and customization of Windows CE, introduce the replanting of BootLoader, BSP, and device driver, make the retail edition of Windows CE image by using Platform Builder. Last, we discuss the application software aiming at the function of detecting system, we give some solutions to some problems in previous detecting. The software is design by Embedded Visual C++ using MFC+Win32.
Finally, we make a summarization to this paper, indicating some disadvantage in the existing system and making an further expectation.
引文
[1] 罗志昌,程桂罄,王丽娟,杨爱东 等. 心血管血流参数无创检测系统的研究[J]. 北京工业大学学报. 1988,14(2):4~11.
[2] 费开明 等. TP-CBS 心血管血流参数无损伤检测系统[J]. 北京工业大学学报. 1988,14(2):62~69.
[3] 张浩. 运动员心脏与运动[J]. 中国临床康复. 2005,9(36):108~109.
[4] 孙飚,马继政. 恒定负荷运动中和运动后心脏形态和功能的变化[J]. 中国临床康复. 2003,7(30):4058~4059.
[5] 牛秀荣 , 李建设 , 丁丽玲 . 我国运动员科学选材现状及展望 [J]. 少年体育训练 . 2007,2(30):10.
[6] 熊剑青,刘伟. 少儿运动员的选材[J]. 少年体育训练. 2006,3(40):54.
[7] 吴恩惠. 医学影像学[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社,2001.
[8] 青岛大学医学院附属医院, http://qdumh.qu.sd.cn/news/04-2-10-10.hem.
[9] 赵斌 等. MRI 和 CUS 对心血管疾病诊断价值的对比研究[J]. 中国医学影像技术. 2001,17(11):1050~1053.
[10] 李榕生 等. SPECT 平衡法心室造影与声学定量测定左心功能的对比研究[J]. 中华超声影像学杂志. 1997,16(1):11.
[11] Durand LG,Langlois YE,Lanthier T, et al. Spectral analysis and acoustic transmission of mitral and aortic value closure sounds in dogs[J]. Med & Bio Eng & Comput. 1990,28:439.
[12] 罗志昌 等. 人体脉搏波波形参数与生理参数间关系的理论和实验研究[J]. 北京工业大学学报. 1988,14(2):22~28.
[13] 吴峥嵘,罗志昌 等. 心血管系统双弹性腔模型的参数估计[J]. 北京工业大学学报. 1988,14(2):70~79.
[14] 石军,郑华. 21 世纪的系统设计展望[J]. IC 与元器件. 2004,4:51~54.
[15] 何立明. 以 SOC 为中心的多学科融合与渗透[J]. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用. 2001,5:5~8.
[16] 张兴. 基于嵌入式技术的 SoC 是微电子科学发展的重要方向[J]. 电子产品世界. 2007,1:64.
[17] 梁合庆. 当今嵌入式系统综述与新的投资机遇[J]. 测控技术. 2000,19(4):1~4.
[18] 窦振中. 嵌入式系统设计方法的演化[J]. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用. 2001,2:6~9.
[19] 胡国兵. 嵌入式系统综述[J]. 南通职业大学学报. 2004,18(4):29~31.
[20] 柳兆荣. 弹性腔理论及其在心血管系统分析中的应用[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1987.
[21] Fry DL,Mallos AJ, Casper GJ. A Catheter tip method for measurement of the instantaneous aortic blood velocity[J]. CirC. Res. 1956,4:627.
[22] Roger M Goldwyn, Thomas B Watt. Arterial Presure Pulse Contour Analysis Via a Mathematical Model for the Clinical Quantification of Human Vascular Properties[J]. IEEE. Transactions on Bio-medical Engineering. 1967,14(1):11~17.
[23] 罗志昌,张松,杨益民. 脉搏波的工程分析与临床应用[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2006.
[24] 中国科学院计算中心概率统计组. 概率统计计算[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1979.
[25] Charles S Burrs,Thomas W Parks,Thomas B Watt. A Digital Parameter-Idendification Technique Applied to Biological Signals. IEEE. Trans.on Bio-medicao Eng. 1971,18(1):35.
[26] McDonald,D.A.,柳兆荣等译. 动脉中的血液流[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1982.
[27] 柳兆荣. 血流动力学[M]. 上海:复旦大学出版社,1986.
[28] K.H.Wesseling. A simple device for the continuous measurement of cardiac output. Adv.Caediovasc.Phys. 1983,5:16~52.
[29] 罗志昌 等. 由脉搏波计算人体心输出量的方法及在临床中的应用[J]. 北京工业大学学报. 1988,14(2):13~20.
[30] 罗志昌 等. 人体脉搏波波形参数与生理参数间关系的理论和实验研究[J]. 北京工业大学学报. 1988,14(2):22~28.
[31] 王田苗. 嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[32] Samsung Electronics. S3C44B0X 32-bit Microprocessor User’s Manual. 2001.
[33] Samsung Electronics. S3C2410A 32-bit Microprocessor User’s Manual. 2004.
[34] ARM Limited. ARM920T Technical Reference Manual. 2000.
[35] William J.Mclntyre,John Parry. 利用降压转换器为便携设备供电[J]. 世界电子元器件. 2003,2:27.
[36] 颜重光. 便携产品电源芯片的应用技术[J]. 电子设计应用. 2006.1:102~104.
[37] Mohan,Undeland,Robbins. Power Electronics:Converters, Applications and Design. 1989.
[38] Maxim. MAX1578/MAX1579 Technical Reference Manual. 2004.
[39] Cirrus Logic. CS8900A Product Data Sheet. USA:Cirrus Logic,2001.
[40] ARM Inc. ARM Architecture Reference Manual. 2002.
[41] 赵效民. 技术对决 NOR 闪存 vsNAND 闪存[J]. 电子产品世界. 2005,10:100.
[42] Sharp Corporation. Specifications of LZ9F Series 7000 Gates Gate Array. 2001.
[43] 曾小青,李玲,欧阳俊. 指端脉搏波检测与频域分析实验设计[J]. 实用预防医学. 2004,11(2):362~364.
[44] TI Corporation. A Single-Supply Op-Amp Circuit Collection. 2005.
[45] Eric Bogatin. Signal Integrity[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[46] Douglas Brooks. Signal integrity issues and printed circuit board design. 北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[47] 周毓林 等. Windows CE .net 内核定制及应用开发[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[48] Tanenbaum Andrew S. Modern Operating System[M]. New Jersey:Prentice Hall,1999.
[49] Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft Windows CE .NET Product Overview. Microsoft Corporation,2004.
[50] 张冬泉,谭南林,王雪梅 等. Windows CE 实用开发技术[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[51] Samsung Electronics. K9F1208 Flash Memory User’s Manual. 2001.
[52] Microsoft Corporation. Reliability in Windows CE .NET Device Drivers. Microsoft Corporation,2004.
[53] George Shepherd,David Kruglinshi. Programming with Microsoft Visual C++[M] .Net. Washingtion:Microsoft Press,2003.
[54] Douglas Boling. Programming with Microsoft Windows CE. 北京:北京大学出版社,1999.
[55] 王燕,张松,杨益民,罗志昌. 基于容积血流脉搏波的心血管血流参数监护模块的研制[J]. 北京生物医学工程. 2006,25(2):148~150.
[2] 费开明 等. TP-CBS 心血管血流参数无损伤检测系统[J]. 北京工业大学学报. 1988,14(2):62~69.
[3] 张浩. 运动员心脏与运动[J]. 中国临床康复. 2005,9(36):108~109.
[4] 孙飚,马继政. 恒定负荷运动中和运动后心脏形态和功能的变化[J]. 中国临床康复. 2003,7(30):4058~4059.
[5] 牛秀荣 , 李建设 , 丁丽玲 . 我国运动员科学选材现状及展望 [J]. 少年体育训练 . 2007,2(30):10.
[6] 熊剑青,刘伟. 少儿运动员的选材[J]. 少年体育训练. 2006,3(40):54.
[7] 吴恩惠. 医学影像学[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社,2001.
[8] 青岛大学医学院附属医院, http://qdumh.qu.sd.cn/news/04-2-10-10.hem.
[9] 赵斌 等. MRI 和 CUS 对心血管疾病诊断价值的对比研究[J]. 中国医学影像技术. 2001,17(11):1050~1053.
[10] 李榕生 等. SPECT 平衡法心室造影与声学定量测定左心功能的对比研究[J]. 中华超声影像学杂志. 1997,16(1):11.
[11] Durand LG,Langlois YE,Lanthier T, et al. Spectral analysis and acoustic transmission of mitral and aortic value closure sounds in dogs[J]. Med & Bio Eng & Comput. 1990,28:439.
[12] 罗志昌 等. 人体脉搏波波形参数与生理参数间关系的理论和实验研究[J]. 北京工业大学学报. 1988,14(2):22~28.
[13] 吴峥嵘,罗志昌 等. 心血管系统双弹性腔模型的参数估计[J]. 北京工业大学学报. 1988,14(2):70~79.
[14] 石军,郑华. 21 世纪的系统设计展望[J]. IC 与元器件. 2004,4:51~54.
[15] 何立明. 以 SOC 为中心的多学科融合与渗透[J]. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用. 2001,5:5~8.
[16] 张兴. 基于嵌入式技术的 SoC 是微电子科学发展的重要方向[J]. 电子产品世界. 2007,1:64.
[17] 梁合庆. 当今嵌入式系统综述与新的投资机遇[J]. 测控技术. 2000,19(4):1~4.
[18] 窦振中. 嵌入式系统设计方法的演化[J]. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用. 2001,2:6~9.
[19] 胡国兵. 嵌入式系统综述[J]. 南通职业大学学报. 2004,18(4):29~31.
[20] 柳兆荣. 弹性腔理论及其在心血管系统分析中的应用[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1987.
[21] Fry DL,Mallos AJ, Casper GJ. A Catheter tip method for measurement of the instantaneous aortic blood velocity[J]. CirC. Res. 1956,4:627.
[22] Roger M Goldwyn, Thomas B Watt. Arterial Presure Pulse Contour Analysis Via a Mathematical Model for the Clinical Quantification of Human Vascular Properties[J]. IEEE. Transactions on Bio-medical Engineering. 1967,14(1):11~17.
[23] 罗志昌,张松,杨益民. 脉搏波的工程分析与临床应用[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2006.
[24] 中国科学院计算中心概率统计组. 概率统计计算[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1979.
[25] Charles S Burrs,Thomas W Parks,Thomas B Watt. A Digital Parameter-Idendification Technique Applied to Biological Signals. IEEE. Trans.on Bio-medicao Eng. 1971,18(1):35.
[26] McDonald,D.A.,柳兆荣等译. 动脉中的血液流[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1982.
[27] 柳兆荣. 血流动力学[M]. 上海:复旦大学出版社,1986.
[28] K.H.Wesseling. A simple device for the continuous measurement of cardiac output. Adv.Caediovasc.Phys. 1983,5:16~52.
[29] 罗志昌 等. 由脉搏波计算人体心输出量的方法及在临床中的应用[J]. 北京工业大学学报. 1988,14(2):13~20.
[30] 罗志昌 等. 人体脉搏波波形参数与生理参数间关系的理论和实验研究[J]. 北京工业大学学报. 1988,14(2):22~28.
[31] 王田苗. 嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[32] Samsung Electronics. S3C44B0X 32-bit Microprocessor User’s Manual. 2001.
[33] Samsung Electronics. S3C2410A 32-bit Microprocessor User’s Manual. 2004.
[34] ARM Limited. ARM920T Technical Reference Manual. 2000.
[35] William J.Mclntyre,John Parry. 利用降压转换器为便携设备供电[J]. 世界电子元器件. 2003,2:27.
[36] 颜重光. 便携产品电源芯片的应用技术[J]. 电子设计应用. 2006.1:102~104.
[37] Mohan,Undeland,Robbins. Power Electronics:Converters, Applications and Design. 1989.
[38] Maxim. MAX1578/MAX1579 Technical Reference Manual. 2004.
[39] Cirrus Logic. CS8900A Product Data Sheet. USA:Cirrus Logic,2001.
[40] ARM Inc. ARM Architecture Reference Manual. 2002.
[41] 赵效民. 技术对决 NOR 闪存 vsNAND 闪存[J]. 电子产品世界. 2005,10:100.
[42] Sharp Corporation. Specifications of LZ9F Series 7000 Gates Gate Array. 2001.
[43] 曾小青,李玲,欧阳俊. 指端脉搏波检测与频域分析实验设计[J]. 实用预防医学. 2004,11(2):362~364.
[44] TI Corporation. A Single-Supply Op-Amp Circuit Collection. 2005.
[45] Eric Bogatin. Signal Integrity[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[46] Douglas Brooks. Signal integrity issues and printed circuit board design. 北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[47] 周毓林 等. Windows CE .net 内核定制及应用开发[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[48] Tanenbaum Andrew S. Modern Operating System[M]. New Jersey:Prentice Hall,1999.
[49] Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft Windows CE .NET Product Overview. Microsoft Corporation,2004.
[50] 张冬泉,谭南林,王雪梅 等. Windows CE 实用开发技术[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[51] Samsung Electronics. K9F1208 Flash Memory User’s Manual. 2001.
[52] Microsoft Corporation. Reliability in Windows CE .NET Device Drivers. Microsoft Corporation,2004.
[53] George Shepherd,David Kruglinshi. Programming with Microsoft Visual C++[M] .Net. Washingtion:Microsoft Press,2003.
[54] Douglas Boling. Programming with Microsoft Windows CE. 北京:北京大学出版社,1999.
[55] 王燕,张松,杨益民,罗志昌. 基于容积血流脉搏波的心血管血流参数监护模块的研制[J]. 北京生物医学工程. 2006,25(2):148~150.