柴油机高压共轨系统控制策略研究—发动机位置正时策略分析
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摘要
随着能源和环境问题的日益突出,实现节能减排具有重要的现实意义。高压共轨喷射系统对柴油机的经济性、动力性及减噪方面具有突出贡献,应用得越来越广泛。高压共轨喷射系统的主要特点有：喷油压力柔性可调,独立灵活控制喷油正时,自由调节喷油量,柔性控制喷油率形状。基于这些特点,高压共轨电控柴油机被认为是解决环保和节能双重压力的最有效和最经济的手段之一。研究电控系统对提高我国汽车行业的技术进步和自主研发能力具有重要意义。
本文以“乘用车柴油机电控管理系统(EMS)关键技术的研发与运用”科研项目为依托,在广泛查阅国内外相关文献的基础上,对高压共轨柴油机电喷系统的控制软件和控制策略进行研究。软件采用分层模块化的方法设计,软件静态结构有应用层、设备层和核心层；软件动态过程采用前后台结构,包括主程序和中断服务程序两部分。主程序完成系统初始化后进行总体调配工作,是软件的后台部分；中断服务程序处理异步事件,执行主任务、监视和正时同步等任务。由于曲轴信号和凸轮轴信号对ECU的正常运行起着至关重要的作用,通过对高压共轨系统结构和控制原理的分析进行控制策略的研究,基于喷油正时对凸轮轴传感器和曲轴传感器的控制策略进行设计。发动机的台架试验结果表明,所研制的ECU控制程序能够使发动机顺利起动；在怠速工况下,发动机转速波动范围正常,喷油脉宽和喷油时刻与设定值相符,控制策略和软件设计具有良好的实际应用效果。
With the energy sources and environment problem becomes increasingly prominent, the realization of energy saving and exhaust reducing has important significance. The using of high pressure common rail injection system becomes more and more applicable for it has the extrude advantage in the field of economy, power performance and reducing noise of diesel engine. The main characteristics of high pressure common rail injection system are list as follows:the injection pressure is flexible adjustable, injection timing can be controlled autocephaly agility, injection amount of oil can be adjustable freely and the injection rate figure can be controlled flexible. Based on these advantages, the high pressure common rail injection system was considering being the most efficiency and economic means to resolve the environment protection and energy saving double pressure. The research of electronic control system of diesel engine has important significance in improving of technology progress and independent study ability of our country.
This thesis based on the scientific research "development of energy saving and high efficient gas engine for new type saloon car". After widely consult of home and abroad correlation literature, the control soft and strategy of high pressure common rail injection system were researched. The layered modularized method was adopted to design the control soft. Static structure of soft contains application layer, equipment layer and core layer. Dynamic process of soft adopts front ground and back ground structure, including main program and interrupt service program. The main programs complete the system initialization at first, then it carry through the collectivity prepare process and it was belong to the back ground of the soft. The interrupt service program deal with asynchronism affairs and it carry out the main test, monitor and timing synchronization and other tests. By analyzing the system structure and control theory of high pressure common rail injection system and carrying out the research of control strategy, the control strategy of camshaft sensor and crankshaft sensor were designed based on oil injection timing for signals from this sensors were important for the running of ECU. The engine bench test result shows that the control program of ECU can realize the start of engine smoothly; in the idling condition, the rotate speed of engine fluctuated in the normal field; the injection pulse width and time was match with the set value; the control strategy and soft design has a good real application effect.
本文以“乘用车柴油机电控管理系统(EMS)关键技术的研发与运用”科研项目为依托,在广泛查阅国内外相关文献的基础上,对高压共轨柴油机电喷系统的控制软件和控制策略进行研究。软件采用分层模块化的方法设计,软件静态结构有应用层、设备层和核心层；软件动态过程采用前后台结构,包括主程序和中断服务程序两部分。主程序完成系统初始化后进行总体调配工作,是软件的后台部分；中断服务程序处理异步事件,执行主任务、监视和正时同步等任务。由于曲轴信号和凸轮轴信号对ECU的正常运行起着至关重要的作用,通过对高压共轨系统结构和控制原理的分析进行控制策略的研究,基于喷油正时对凸轮轴传感器和曲轴传感器的控制策略进行设计。发动机的台架试验结果表明,所研制的ECU控制程序能够使发动机顺利起动；在怠速工况下,发动机转速波动范围正常,喷油脉宽和喷油时刻与设定值相符,控制策略和软件设计具有良好的实际应用效果。
With the energy sources and environment problem becomes increasingly prominent, the realization of energy saving and exhaust reducing has important significance. The using of high pressure common rail injection system becomes more and more applicable for it has the extrude advantage in the field of economy, power performance and reducing noise of diesel engine. The main characteristics of high pressure common rail injection system are list as follows:the injection pressure is flexible adjustable, injection timing can be controlled autocephaly agility, injection amount of oil can be adjustable freely and the injection rate figure can be controlled flexible. Based on these advantages, the high pressure common rail injection system was considering being the most efficiency and economic means to resolve the environment protection and energy saving double pressure. The research of electronic control system of diesel engine has important significance in improving of technology progress and independent study ability of our country.
This thesis based on the scientific research "development of energy saving and high efficient gas engine for new type saloon car". After widely consult of home and abroad correlation literature, the control soft and strategy of high pressure common rail injection system were researched. The layered modularized method was adopted to design the control soft. Static structure of soft contains application layer, equipment layer and core layer. Dynamic process of soft adopts front ground and back ground structure, including main program and interrupt service program. The main programs complete the system initialization at first, then it carry through the collectivity prepare process and it was belong to the back ground of the soft. The interrupt service program deal with asynchronism affairs and it carry out the main test, monitor and timing synchronization and other tests. By analyzing the system structure and control theory of high pressure common rail injection system and carrying out the research of control strategy, the control strategy of camshaft sensor and crankshaft sensor were designed based on oil injection timing for signals from this sensors were important for the running of ECU. The engine bench test result shows that the control program of ECU can realize the start of engine smoothly; in the idling condition, the rotate speed of engine fluctuated in the normal field; the injection pulse width and time was match with the set value; the control strategy and soft design has a good real application effect.
引文
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[2]King D. H发动机计算机管理系统-汽车电喷技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,1999：488-524
[3]Magin Lapuerta, Octavio Armas and Juan Jose Hernandez, Effect of Injection Parameters of a Common Rail Injection System on Diesel Combustion Through Thermodynamic Diagnosis[M]SAE, 1999
[4]梁锋.高压共轨式电控柴油机故障自诊断系统研究[D].上海：上海交通大学,2004
[5]Ulrich Flaig,Albrecht Sleber.Electronic Control Units of BOSCH EDC System[C].SAE 880185
[6]周龙保.内燃机学[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005
[7]李幼鹏.柴油机原理[M].大连：大连理工大学出版社,1992
[8]杨林,卓斌,肖文雍,等.高压共轨电控柴油机燃油预喷射控制研究[J].柴油机,2004(3)：1-4
[9]马建民.柴油机高压共轨系统ECU的研究与设计.上海：上海交通大学,2008
[10]Edward S P, Frankle G R, Binder K, et al.Strategic analysis of technologies for future truck engines[C].SAE 2000-01-3458
[11]蔡凤田.汽车排放污染物控制实用技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1999
[12]Bielaoye P.EuroⅢ/EuroⅣ emissions-a study of cold start and warm up with a SI(Spark Ignition)engine[C].SAE 1999-01-1073
[13]徐家龙.柴油机电控喷油技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2005
[14]陈勇华译.柴油机共轨式喷油系统[J].国外内燃机.1998(3)：18-28
[15]钱大.博世(BOSCH)公司的共轨燃油喷射系统(一)～(七)[J].汽车与配件,2003.
[16]秦朝举,刘建新,杜慧勇,等Bosch公司高压共轨喷油系统的研究现状及发展前景[J].拖拉机与农用运输车.2006,33(2)：3-5
[17]贾志新,张全逾,吕云飞BOSCH共轨柴油电控喷射系统原理及测试[J].汽车维修,2007(7)：13-15
[18]江苏,敏瑞.德尔福柴油机电控高压共轨喷油系统(一)～(三)[J].汽车维修与保养,2008
[19]钱人一.日本电装公司的ECD-U2柴油机共轨燃油系统(一)～(五)[J].汽车与配件,2003
[20]谭文春,梁峰,肖文雍.高压共轨柴油机电控系统信号采集处理模块的设计与研究[J].内燃机工程,2004,25(2)：35-39
[21]张煜盛,徐建新,徐波,等.共轨燃油系统高压油泵设计研究[J].内燃机工程,2005,25(1)：1-5
[22]胡志明,杨林,冒晓建,等.高压共轨式燃油喷射系统用高压油泵的分析与设计[J].柴油机,2004(4)：16-19
[23]欧大生,刘振明,周加东,等.基于变形补偿技术提高共轨高压泵泵油能力的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,2008,29(3)：1-5
[24]徐建新,张煜盛,徐波,等.共轨燃油系统高压油泵泄露与密封的研究[J].柴油机设计与制造,2004(4)：5-8
[25]平涛,周玉成,方祖华,等.一种新型共轨用高压油泵性能特性实验研究[J].现代车用动力,2004(2)：15-18
[26]安士杰,欧阳光耀.高压共轨燃油系统主要部件特性分析[J].小型内燃机与摩托车.2002,31(1)：41-44
[27]严雪文,王忠.柴油机共轨喷油系统匹配与计算模型[J].小型内燃机与摩托车,2006,35(1)：31-37
[28]梁锋,杨林,谭文春,等.高压共轨式电控柴油机故障诊断策略仿真研究[J].内燃机学报,2004,22(6)： 532-537
[29]梁锋,谭文春,肖文雍,等.高压共轨式电控柴油机动态仿真研究[J].车用发动机,2003(6)：21-23
[30]王尚勇,张才干.两级阀控制的高压共轨喷油系统的计算模拟分析[J].内燃机工程,2003,24(4)：23-27
[31]王尚勇,张晓力,徐春龙.高压共轨电控喷油系统的建模与仿真研究[J].车用发动机,2002(8)：16-19
[32]徐正伟,彭忆强,黎薇,等.天然气发动机高压共轨系统的建模与仿真研究[J].车用发动机,2008(3)：40-44
[33]李正帅,陆耀祖.高压共轨式电控燃油喷射系统的计算机仿真[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2002,22(1)：66-69
[34]刘镇,常汉宝,邵利民.舰用高压共轨柴油机燃烧与排放的方针计算[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2006,30(1)：17-20
[35]邵利民,安士杰,常汉宝.高压共轨柴油机燃烧与排放的仿真计算及分析[J].内燃机工程,2005,26(3)：1-4
[36]邵利民,常汉宝,安士杰.高压共轨柴油机燃烧与排放模型的研究[J].车用发动机,2005(12)：28-31
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