基于一维金属纳米阵列染料敏化太阳能电池电极的制备与组装
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摘要
染料敏化太阳能电池价格相对低廉,制作工艺简单,拥有潜在的高光电转换效率,极有可能取代传统硅系太阳能电池,成为未来太阳能电池的主导。本文将一维纳米线模板法制备技术与染料敏化太阳能电池相结合,将分散均匀的纳米二氧化钛颗粒溶胶浸入金属纳米线阵列中,组装得到新型染料敏化太阳能电池电极阵列结构。该金属线阵列可伸入光电转化层,且与纳米二氧化钛粒子紧密连接,减少了激发电子到达电极的路程,有效防止因传输路径过长而造成的电子湮灭。有望提高电池光电转换效率,具有重要的理论及应用价值。
本文首先对阳极氧化铝膜(AAO)模板的紫外光刻技术进行了探讨。实验使用BP-212型紫外正性光刻胶,及波长365nm紫外光源。发现紫外曝光时间50s,前烘温度65℃下,可完全复制掩膜图案。
采用恒压电化学沉积法,分别以AAO模板及图案化AAO二次模板为基底,成功制备了一维铜纳米线阵列及图案化铜纳米线阵列。在-0.2V恒压电沉积条件下,沉积30min所得铜纳米线阵列规整有序,线成束,且具有微米级空隙,有望应用于组装微型器件。换用图案化AAO模板为工作电极,沉积时间15min所得阵列线长10um左右,结构最为规整,圆孔及QDU图案均能良好复制。
以多聚磷酸钠及聚丙烯酸钠复合分散剂,并在冷冻作用下进行分散实验,得到颗粒粒径均不超过20nm且具有较高的稳定性的纳米TiO2溶胶。通过多次浸润图案化线束的方法,最终组装得到DSSC电极阵列结构。
With comparatively low cost and easy preparation process, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) could yield high photoelectric conversion efficiency and be the leading solar cells in the future. In this thesis, one-dimensional metal nanowires, based on template method, and DSSC were combined together to have new-type DSSC electrode after the arrays were sinked into titanium dioxide colloidal sol. The metal nanowires can reach to the photoelectric layer and have close interaction with TiO2 nanoparticles, so the path of excited electrons to photoelectrode is shortened and electron annihilation can be avoided. In this way, photoelectric conversion efficiency can be enhanced hopefully. As a result, this research has important value theoretically and practically.
First, ultraviolet radiation photolithographic methods of anodic aluminum oxide (AA O) template were discussed. BP-212 positive photoresist and ultraviolet source with wave length 365nm were utilized. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the mas k pattern can totally duplicated with exposure time of 50s and pyrolysis temperature of 65℃.
With electrochemical deposition method, one-dimensional Cu nanowires and patterned Cu nanowires were prepared successfully based on AAO and patterned AAO template. Under constant voltage electrochemical deposition of-0.2V, ordered Cu nanowire arrays with micro-sized space can be obtained after 30min deposition, which can be used in microdevice. Patterned Cu nanowires can also be produced after 15min deposition with wire length of lOum.
Nanoparticals of TiO2 can be dispersed orderly with compound dispersant of STTP and PAAS in low temperature. After sinking into the patterned nanowire arrays, DSSC electrode structure was finally obtained.
本文首先对阳极氧化铝膜(AAO)模板的紫外光刻技术进行了探讨。实验使用BP-212型紫外正性光刻胶,及波长365nm紫外光源。发现紫外曝光时间50s,前烘温度65℃下,可完全复制掩膜图案。
采用恒压电化学沉积法,分别以AAO模板及图案化AAO二次模板为基底,成功制备了一维铜纳米线阵列及图案化铜纳米线阵列。在-0.2V恒压电沉积条件下,沉积30min所得铜纳米线阵列规整有序,线成束,且具有微米级空隙,有望应用于组装微型器件。换用图案化AAO模板为工作电极,沉积时间15min所得阵列线长10um左右,结构最为规整,圆孔及QDU图案均能良好复制。
以多聚磷酸钠及聚丙烯酸钠复合分散剂,并在冷冻作用下进行分散实验,得到颗粒粒径均不超过20nm且具有较高的稳定性的纳米TiO2溶胶。通过多次浸润图案化线束的方法,最终组装得到DSSC电极阵列结构。
With comparatively low cost and easy preparation process, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) could yield high photoelectric conversion efficiency and be the leading solar cells in the future. In this thesis, one-dimensional metal nanowires, based on template method, and DSSC were combined together to have new-type DSSC electrode after the arrays were sinked into titanium dioxide colloidal sol. The metal nanowires can reach to the photoelectric layer and have close interaction with TiO2 nanoparticles, so the path of excited electrons to photoelectrode is shortened and electron annihilation can be avoided. In this way, photoelectric conversion efficiency can be enhanced hopefully. As a result, this research has important value theoretically and practically.
First, ultraviolet radiation photolithographic methods of anodic aluminum oxide (AA O) template were discussed. BP-212 positive photoresist and ultraviolet source with wave length 365nm were utilized. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the mas k pattern can totally duplicated with exposure time of 50s and pyrolysis temperature of 65℃.
With electrochemical deposition method, one-dimensional Cu nanowires and patterned Cu nanowires were prepared successfully based on AAO and patterned AAO template. Under constant voltage electrochemical deposition of-0.2V, ordered Cu nanowire arrays with micro-sized space can be obtained after 30min deposition, which can be used in microdevice. Patterned Cu nanowires can also be produced after 15min deposition with wire length of lOum.
Nanoparticals of TiO2 can be dispersed orderly with compound dispersant of STTP and PAAS in low temperature. After sinking into the patterned nanowire arrays, DSSC electrode structure was finally obtained.
引文
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