数字控制型双向DC/DC变换器的研究
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摘要
双向DC/DC变换器,可以在需要能量双向流动的场合代替两个并联的单向DC/DC变换器,可以减小设备体积和重量,降低成本。符合当今电源系统小型化,低成本,高频化和高效化的发展趋势。
本文首先阐述了双向DC/DC变换器的概念、原理,并结合其应用场合描述其具体工作方式,接着针对直流不间断电源的要求设计了一种正向推挽升压,反向全桥降压的拓扑结构,可以实现软开关。当处于正向工作模式时,随着低压侧开关管交替导通,高压侧的串联谐振实现电流过零,这时低压侧的电流几乎为零,从而实现了软开关;当处于反向工作模式时,在相移全桥的基础上在输出续流回路中引入了辅助电感,通过续流时产生感应电动势使原边电流复位,从而实现零电流关断。并应用Pspice仿真软件对电路原理分析进行仿真验证。
本文还研究了针对该拓扑结构的带预测修正的参数模糊自适应PID控制方法,并对控制效果进行了仿真验证。参数模糊自适应PID可以使PID控制参数针对当前输出信号的变化进行在线调整,通过对下一周期输出值的修正预测能够补偿控制器的滞后时延,该预测值考虑当前的不确定环境因素可以提高预测精度。最后以TI公司的TMS320LF2407DSP为控制芯片,进行了软件设计。实验样机输出的稳定波形验证了本文的双向DC/DC变换器的可行性。
Bi-directional DC/DC Converter can be used to replace two parallel DC/DC converter in the situation which need two-way flow of energy,so it can reduce the size and weight of equipment, and lower the costs. It is in the line with the trend that present power source is needed miniaturization, low-cost, high-frequency-based and efficient.
At first, the conception and principle of the Bi-directional DC/DC converter are presented,and its work in definite applications is explained. A novel topological structure of Bi-directional DC/DC Converter is designed, which is used in uninterruptible power supply system. When it is working in the mode of positive direction, converter voltage by transformer series resonant implementation of current zero, and the current of low voltage side reduce to almost zero, then achieve soft switches; When it is working in reverse mode, a auxiliary inductance is added to output proper path, during the follow current period, the auxiliary inductor brings induction electromotive force to reset primary current, so achieve soft switches.And then the theories were tested by Pspice simulation software.
This article also studied the revised forecast and fuzzy adaptive parameters of PID control methods, and simulated by simulink to test effect of control. Fuzzy adaptive PID can adjust the parameters of PID timely for the current output signal changes. The output in the next cycle will be predicted and amended so it can compensate the lag time, the predicted values considered uncertain environmental factors so its predictive can be improved. Finally , TMS320LF2407DSP of TI company was used for chip of circuit, and the software design was carried out.
本文首先阐述了双向DC/DC变换器的概念、原理,并结合其应用场合描述其具体工作方式,接着针对直流不间断电源的要求设计了一种正向推挽升压,反向全桥降压的拓扑结构,可以实现软开关。当处于正向工作模式时,随着低压侧开关管交替导通,高压侧的串联谐振实现电流过零,这时低压侧的电流几乎为零,从而实现了软开关;当处于反向工作模式时,在相移全桥的基础上在输出续流回路中引入了辅助电感,通过续流时产生感应电动势使原边电流复位,从而实现零电流关断。并应用Pspice仿真软件对电路原理分析进行仿真验证。
本文还研究了针对该拓扑结构的带预测修正的参数模糊自适应PID控制方法,并对控制效果进行了仿真验证。参数模糊自适应PID可以使PID控制参数针对当前输出信号的变化进行在线调整,通过对下一周期输出值的修正预测能够补偿控制器的滞后时延,该预测值考虑当前的不确定环境因素可以提高预测精度。最后以TI公司的TMS320LF2407DSP为控制芯片,进行了软件设计。实验样机输出的稳定波形验证了本文的双向DC/DC变换器的可行性。
Bi-directional DC/DC Converter can be used to replace two parallel DC/DC converter in the situation which need two-way flow of energy,so it can reduce the size and weight of equipment, and lower the costs. It is in the line with the trend that present power source is needed miniaturization, low-cost, high-frequency-based and efficient.
At first, the conception and principle of the Bi-directional DC/DC converter are presented,and its work in definite applications is explained. A novel topological structure of Bi-directional DC/DC Converter is designed, which is used in uninterruptible power supply system. When it is working in the mode of positive direction, converter voltage by transformer series resonant implementation of current zero, and the current of low voltage side reduce to almost zero, then achieve soft switches; When it is working in reverse mode, a auxiliary inductance is added to output proper path, during the follow current period, the auxiliary inductor brings induction electromotive force to reset primary current, so achieve soft switches.And then the theories were tested by Pspice simulation software.
This article also studied the revised forecast and fuzzy adaptive parameters of PID control methods, and simulated by simulink to test effect of control. Fuzzy adaptive PID can adjust the parameters of PID timely for the current output signal changes. The output in the next cycle will be predicted and amended so it can compensate the lag time, the predicted values considered uncertain environmental factors so its predictive can be improved. Finally , TMS320LF2407DSP of TI company was used for chip of circuit, and the software design was carried out.
引文
[1]张方华.双向DC-DC变换器的研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学.2007.
[2]李平,何益宏,龚仁喜.双向直流变换器的发展现状[J] .广西师范学院学报(自然科学版) .2006,23(2) .
[3][日]长谷川彰著,何希才译.开关稳压电源的设计与应用[M].科学出版社.2007.56~63
[4]刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术[M].电子工业出版社.2001,9. 93~115.
[5]钱荔.推挽全桥双向DC_DC变换器的研究[D] .南京:南京航空航天大学.2007
[6]王茂飞,程昱.DSP技术与应用开发[M].清华大学出版社,2007.223~56.
[7]张士明,嵇保,.张方华.基于DSP控制的双向DC/DC变换器研究[J].电力电子技术.2007
[8]Liping Sun,Dehong Xu,Min Chen,Dynamic modeling of a PWM plus phase-shift (PPS) controlled active clamping boost to full bridge bi-directional DC/DC converter,Power Electronics Specialists Conference,Jeju,South Korea,IEEE,2007
[9]张涛,瞿文龙.一种变压器反极性连接的双向DC-DC变换器[J].电工电能新技术,2008
[10]许会军.数字控制DC_DC变换器的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006.
[11]G.Calderon-LoPez,A.J.Forsyth.Design and Performanee Evaluation of a 10kw Interleaved Boost Converter for a Fuel Cell Eleetric Vehiele.IEEE,2006
[12]孙铁成,郭建辉等.改进型具有电压钳位的全桥ZVZCS PWMDC/DC变换器[J].电工技术学报,2007
[13]吕红丽.Mamdani模糊控制系统的结构分析理论研究及其在暖通空调中的应用[D] .济南:山东大学2007
[14]王广柱.电压型变换器抛物线法电流控制技术研究[D].济南:山东大学. 2008
[15]杨迎化,谢顺依等.一种新型直流环节并联谐振软开关逆变器[J] .中国电机工程学报2008,12.
[16]张辉,邓嘉,马皓.一种双变压器串联谐振软开关推挽电路[J].电力电子技术.2008,06 ,20.
[17]阮新波.脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术[M]北京:科学出版社,2003
[18]Reimann T,Szepoink S,Berger G,et al.A novel principle of bi-directional dc-dc power conversion. PESC 97:978-984
[19] RonLenk著,王正仕等译.实用开关电源设计[M].人民邮电出版社,2006,4.134~167.
[20]诸静.模糊控制原理与应用(第二版)[M].机械工业出版社,2005.50~78.
[21]于振宇.德州仪器(Tl)数字电源解决方案[C].第一届中国数字电源论坛,2005,10.
[22]X·B·Ruan,and EX Liu.An improved ZVS PWM full-bridge converter with clamping diodes. Proc. IEEE PESC 2004.
[23]张方华.双向DC/DC变换器的研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2004
[24]马学军,康勇,陈坚.一种新型在线式UPS充放电电路的设计.电力电子技术,2004,38(1):75-77
[25] Yujin Song,Prasad N.Enjeti.A New Soft Switching Technique for Bi-directionalPower Flow,Full-Bridge DC-DC Converter.IEEE,2002:2314-2319
[26]许海平.博士大功率双向DC_DC变换器拓扑结构及其分析理论研究[D]北京.中国科学院电工研究所,2005
[27]Su-Jin Jang,Tae-Won Lee,Won-Chul Lee,Chung-Yuen Won.Bi-directional DC-DC Converter for Fuel Cell Generation System.IEEE,2004:4722-4728
[28]刘宏达,刘建,罗耀华.Cuk拓扑的Simulink仿真模型[J].应用科技,2007
[29]薛亚丽,李东海,徐峰,吕崇德.最优PI控制器参数整定及评价.清华大学学报(自然科学版)[J],2004,44(8):1067-1070.
[30]肖华锋,谢少军.一端稳压一端稳流型软开关双向DC/DC变换器(I)——电路原理和控制策略[J].电工技术学报.2006,10.
[31]肖华锋,谢少军.一端稳压一端稳流型软开关双向DC/DC变换器(II)——电路原理和控制策略[J].电工技术学报.2006,11.
[32]余世明.预测控制算法及其应用研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2001
[33]Chris Iannello,Shiguo Luo,Issa Batarseh.Full bridgeZCS PWM Converter for High-voltage High-power Applications[J].IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2004.
[34]Gong Yanfeng,et al Integrated protection system design for shipboard power system,1st IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium,Philadelphia,PA,United States,IEEE,2007.
[2]李平,何益宏,龚仁喜.双向直流变换器的发展现状[J] .广西师范学院学报(自然科学版) .2006,23(2) .
[3][日]长谷川彰著,何希才译.开关稳压电源的设计与应用[M].科学出版社.2007.56~63
[4]刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术[M].电子工业出版社.2001,9. 93~115.
[5]钱荔.推挽全桥双向DC_DC变换器的研究[D] .南京:南京航空航天大学.2007
[6]王茂飞,程昱.DSP技术与应用开发[M].清华大学出版社,2007.223~56.
[7]张士明,嵇保,.张方华.基于DSP控制的双向DC/DC变换器研究[J].电力电子技术.2007
[8]Liping Sun,Dehong Xu,Min Chen,Dynamic modeling of a PWM plus phase-shift (PPS) controlled active clamping boost to full bridge bi-directional DC/DC converter,Power Electronics Specialists Conference,Jeju,South Korea,IEEE,2007
[9]张涛,瞿文龙.一种变压器反极性连接的双向DC-DC变换器[J].电工电能新技术,2008
[10]许会军.数字控制DC_DC变换器的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006.
[11]G.Calderon-LoPez,A.J.Forsyth.Design and Performanee Evaluation of a 10kw Interleaved Boost Converter for a Fuel Cell Eleetric Vehiele.IEEE,2006
[12]孙铁成,郭建辉等.改进型具有电压钳位的全桥ZVZCS PWMDC/DC变换器[J].电工技术学报,2007
[13]吕红丽.Mamdani模糊控制系统的结构分析理论研究及其在暖通空调中的应用[D] .济南:山东大学2007
[14]王广柱.电压型变换器抛物线法电流控制技术研究[D].济南:山东大学. 2008
[15]杨迎化,谢顺依等.一种新型直流环节并联谐振软开关逆变器[J] .中国电机工程学报2008,12.
[16]张辉,邓嘉,马皓.一种双变压器串联谐振软开关推挽电路[J].电力电子技术.2008,06 ,20.
[17]阮新波.脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术[M]北京:科学出版社,2003
[18]Reimann T,Szepoink S,Berger G,et al.A novel principle of bi-directional dc-dc power conversion. PESC 97:978-984
[19] RonLenk著,王正仕等译.实用开关电源设计[M].人民邮电出版社,2006,4.134~167.
[20]诸静.模糊控制原理与应用(第二版)[M].机械工业出版社,2005.50~78.
[21]于振宇.德州仪器(Tl)数字电源解决方案[C].第一届中国数字电源论坛,2005,10.
[22]X·B·Ruan,and EX Liu.An improved ZVS PWM full-bridge converter with clamping diodes. Proc. IEEE PESC 2004.
[23]张方华.双向DC/DC变换器的研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2004
[24]马学军,康勇,陈坚.一种新型在线式UPS充放电电路的设计.电力电子技术,2004,38(1):75-77
[25] Yujin Song,Prasad N.Enjeti.A New Soft Switching Technique for Bi-directionalPower Flow,Full-Bridge DC-DC Converter.IEEE,2002:2314-2319
[26]许海平.博士大功率双向DC_DC变换器拓扑结构及其分析理论研究[D]北京.中国科学院电工研究所,2005
[27]Su-Jin Jang,Tae-Won Lee,Won-Chul Lee,Chung-Yuen Won.Bi-directional DC-DC Converter for Fuel Cell Generation System.IEEE,2004:4722-4728
[28]刘宏达,刘建,罗耀华.Cuk拓扑的Simulink仿真模型[J].应用科技,2007
[29]薛亚丽,李东海,徐峰,吕崇德.最优PI控制器参数整定及评价.清华大学学报(自然科学版)[J],2004,44(8):1067-1070.
[30]肖华锋,谢少军.一端稳压一端稳流型软开关双向DC/DC变换器(I)——电路原理和控制策略[J].电工技术学报.2006,10.
[31]肖华锋,谢少军.一端稳压一端稳流型软开关双向DC/DC变换器(II)——电路原理和控制策略[J].电工技术学报.2006,11.
[32]余世明.预测控制算法及其应用研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2001
[33]Chris Iannello,Shiguo Luo,Issa Batarseh.Full bridgeZCS PWM Converter for High-voltage High-power Applications[J].IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2004.
[34]Gong Yanfeng,et al Integrated protection system design for shipboard power system,1st IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium,Philadelphia,PA,United States,IEEE,2007.