钻机井架的有限元分析和承载能力评定的研究
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摘要
井架是石油钻机起升设备的重要组成部分之一,其杆件多,受力情况复杂,在油田作业中使用频繁,对其进行有限元分析是井架设计和应用的重要环节。本论文针对西部油田应用很广的JJ225/43-K型井架进行力学性能分析,并在此基础上对该井架的承载能力进行安全评定,对于井架结构设计和油田安全生产有着重要的指导意义。
本文综述了井架有限元分析的国内外研究现状,通过建立JJ225/43-K型井架的有限元分析模型,运用ANSYS分析软件,进行了三种典型工况下井架的应力和变形分析,找出井架在各工况下的最大应力和变形,得到了井架在静力学分析的薄弱环节。然后应用动力学分析的方式,采用Block Lanzcos方法对井架进行模态分析,获得了前10阶固有频率和振型图,并在此基础上进行瞬态分析和动态响应计算,得到了井架在动载荷作用下的变形和应力变化,以及井架顶部、二层台和人字架等主要部位在不同时间响应的变化规律和振动特性。
上面的计算分析主要是为了寻找井架的薄弱环节和应力变化规律,最终是为了分析研究井架的承载能力,本文根据先前做的井架仿真模型,对模型施加不同的载荷,得到了井架的最大应力部位,发现最大应力与载荷存在一定的线性关系,根据此推断出该井架的极限承载能力,与现场测试的应力应变数据做比较,分析理论研究的可行性；并依据强度和稳定理论为主的评定理论,从仿真分析和实验测试两个角度,评定井架的承载能力,从而实现了对JJ225/43-K型井架承载能力的评定分析的研究,具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
Lifting drilling rig derrick is an important part of the equipment, its bars and more complicated stress,frequent use in the oilfield operations,the finite element analysis is derrick important part of the design and application.This thesis focuses on a wide Western Oilfield JJ225/43-K mast for mechanical analysis,and based on the carrying capacity of the derrick for safety assessment,this structural design for the derrick and oil field production has important significance.
In this paper,inite element analysis derrick research status,through the establishment of JJ225/43-K mast of the finite element analysis model,using ANSYS analysis software,for three typical operating conditions of stress and deformation analysis of derrick,to find out derrick in the condition of maximum stress and deformation,has been static analysis of the derrick in the weak link.Then apply the dynamic analysis of the way,Block Lanzcos method using modal analysis derrick,won the first 10 natural frequencies and vibration pattern map, and based on transient analysis and calculation of dynamic response obtained derrick in the dynamic loading of the deformation and stress,and the derrick at the top,two-story platform and Renzi Jia and other major sites at different times in response to changes in laws and vibration.
The above calculation is mainly to find the weak links derrick and stress variation,the final study is to analyze the bearing capacity of derricks,derrick to do this under the previous simulation model,applying different loads on the model,get the maximum stress position derrick,the maximum stress and load is linear relationship between the inferred based on this ultimate bearing capacity of the derrick,and field test to compare the stress-strain data,the feasibility study of theory.And according to the strength and stability theory-based evaluation theory,the simulation analysis and experimental tests two perspectives to assess the carrying capacity of derricks in order to achieve the right JJ225/43-K mast carrying capacity assessment and analysis of the study, has important theoretical and practical value.
本文综述了井架有限元分析的国内外研究现状,通过建立JJ225/43-K型井架的有限元分析模型,运用ANSYS分析软件,进行了三种典型工况下井架的应力和变形分析,找出井架在各工况下的最大应力和变形,得到了井架在静力学分析的薄弱环节。然后应用动力学分析的方式,采用Block Lanzcos方法对井架进行模态分析,获得了前10阶固有频率和振型图,并在此基础上进行瞬态分析和动态响应计算,得到了井架在动载荷作用下的变形和应力变化,以及井架顶部、二层台和人字架等主要部位在不同时间响应的变化规律和振动特性。
上面的计算分析主要是为了寻找井架的薄弱环节和应力变化规律,最终是为了分析研究井架的承载能力,本文根据先前做的井架仿真模型,对模型施加不同的载荷,得到了井架的最大应力部位,发现最大应力与载荷存在一定的线性关系,根据此推断出该井架的极限承载能力,与现场测试的应力应变数据做比较,分析理论研究的可行性；并依据强度和稳定理论为主的评定理论,从仿真分析和实验测试两个角度,评定井架的承载能力,从而实现了对JJ225/43-K型井架承载能力的评定分析的研究,具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
Lifting drilling rig derrick is an important part of the equipment, its bars and more complicated stress,frequent use in the oilfield operations,the finite element analysis is derrick important part of the design and application.This thesis focuses on a wide Western Oilfield JJ225/43-K mast for mechanical analysis,and based on the carrying capacity of the derrick for safety assessment,this structural design for the derrick and oil field production has important significance.
In this paper,inite element analysis derrick research status,through the establishment of JJ225/43-K mast of the finite element analysis model,using ANSYS analysis software,for three typical operating conditions of stress and deformation analysis of derrick,to find out derrick in the condition of maximum stress and deformation,has been static analysis of the derrick in the weak link.Then apply the dynamic analysis of the way,Block Lanzcos method using modal analysis derrick,won the first 10 natural frequencies and vibration pattern map, and based on transient analysis and calculation of dynamic response obtained derrick in the dynamic loading of the deformation and stress,and the derrick at the top,two-story platform and Renzi Jia and other major sites at different times in response to changes in laws and vibration.
The above calculation is mainly to find the weak links derrick and stress variation,the final study is to analyze the bearing capacity of derricks,derrick to do this under the previous simulation model,applying different loads on the model,get the maximum stress position derrick,the maximum stress and load is linear relationship between the inferred based on this ultimate bearing capacity of the derrick,and field test to compare the stress-strain data,the feasibility study of theory.And according to the strength and stability theory-based evaluation theory,the simulation analysis and experimental tests two perspectives to assess the carrying capacity of derricks in order to achieve the right JJ225/43-K mast carrying capacity assessment and analysis of the study, has important theoretical and practical value.
引文
[1]杨敬源,韩国有,邹龙庆等.石油钻井机械[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1994,25-36
[2]沈祖炎,李国强,陈以一等.钢结构学[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005,10-132
[3]任重.ANSYS实用分析教程[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2003,6-46
[4]王崧,刘丽娟,董春敏.有限元分析—ANSYS理论与应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008,20-86
[5]易日.使用ANSYS进行进行结构动力学分析[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2002,42-91
[6]魏明钟.钢结构[M].武汉：武汉工业大学出版社,2000,23-51
[7]ANSYS. Inc, ANSYS Elements Reference.1. Eleventh Edition, SAS, IP Inc,2001, 17-28
[8]周长城,胡仁喜,熊立波.ANSYS基础与典型范[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007,28-105
[9]侯广平,黄悦华.石油钻机井架的现状与发展趋势[J].石油矿场机械,1995,25(5)：21-24
[10]范祖尧,郁永熙.结构力学[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1980,112-120
[11]C.T.F.ROSS, (Hons), Ph. D. Computational Methods in Structural and Continuum Mechanics. First published in 1982 by Ellis HORWOOD Limited
[12]秦延龙,杨玉霞.井架实验模型设计[J].石油矿场机械,1993,22(3)：8-11
[13]周国强,郭奕珊.在用井架剩余承载能力极限状态评价方法[J].石油机械,1998,26(11)15-17
[14]武吉有.JJ160/41-K型井架结构优化及稳定性分析[J].钻采工艺,2000,23(2)：54-56
[15]高学仕,齐明侠.修井机井架的强度与疲劳分析[J].石油矿场机械,2001,30(4)：9-11
[16]Activity hazard analysis. Derrick Operations.2001,2(1):1-2
[17]李亚明,胡云昌,项忠权.井架在风载作用下的可靠性分析[J].石油学报,1997,18(1)：116-122
[18]A.Q.斯米尔诺夫.结构振动与稳定性[M].楼志文译.北京：科学出版社,1963,25-81
[19]郑哲敏,周恒,张涵信.21世纪初的力学发展趋势[J].科学与发展,1999,4(1)：3-7
[20]袁中立.石油井架风载分析[J].石油机械,1988,16(5)：16-23
[21]任秉江.石油K型井架承载能力的理论和测试研究[D].硕士学位论文.大庆：大庆石油学院,1997,24-60
[22]刘金美.在用石油井架结构分析、测试及评定理论[D].硕士学位论文.大庆：大庆石油学院,2001,21-30
[23]陈淮,王伟,马成刚.石油井架动力学行为分析[J].石油机械：1996：13(1)：33-35
[24]裴峻峰,陈荣振,期明侠.石油井架可靠性设计中载荷与载荷效应[J].石油大学学报,1997,21(4)：37-39
[25]Yin Zhou, Tracy Kijewski, Ahsan Kareem. Along-wind load effects on tall buildings:Comparative Study of Major International Codes and Standards. Journal of Structure Engingeering,2002,6:788-796
[26]Yukio Tamurn, Takeshi Ohkuma, Hisashi Okada, etal. Wind loading standards and design criteria in Japan. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn.1999,83:555～566
[27]何霞,刘清友,金迅.HYX90海洋修井机井架力学分析[J].天然气工业,2004,24(2),59-60
[28]陆浩华.自升式海洋平台结构动力学响应分析[D].硕士学位论文.武汉：武汉理工大学,2005,20-42
[29]韩秀清,邹红云,杨光.Ⅱ型井架背部杆联结刚度对其动力特性的影响[J].吉林大学学报,2000,21(3)：13-16
[30]关晓晶,周国强,郭奕珊.海洋石油钻机井架动力学特性分析[J].大庆石油学报,2005,29(3)：53-54
[31]邹庆龙,付海龙,.任国友.基于I-DEAS的石油井架模态分析[J].天然气工业,2005,26(7)：59-61
[32]孙孝真,贾新成.钻机设备安装方位的探讨[J].石油钻探技术,1996(9)：41-42
[33]付海龙.石油钻机井架动态响应研究[D].硕士学位论文.大庆：大庆石油学院,2005,21-30
[34]Mark Killion. Engineering firm combines finite element analysis and engineering handbook to speed up smoke stack design. Killion Engineering:1～4
[35]Robertson, David S. Oil derricks and Corinthian columns. Journal of Cultural Geography,1996,16(1):1～7
[36]G. S. Palani, J.Rajasankar, N. R. Iyer. Reliable finite element analysis of ship structural components. Engineering for the Maritime Environment.217:159～170
[37]李良,李增良,彦廷俊.基于ANSYS5.4的A形井架结构综合分析[J].石油机械,2002,30(4)：22-24
[38]师汉民,吴雅等.机械振动系统[M].武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1992,10-211
[39]张有志,王得彬.修井机井架的实验研究[J].石油机械,2000,86,14(4)2-28
[40]曲守平,赵登峰,单东升.40t修井井架强度的有限元分析[J].长春大学学报,2000,10(6)：1-4
[41]齐明侠,囊峻峰,陈目明等.修井机起升动载系数的测定与确定[J].石油矿场机械,1998,26(2)：41-44
[42]周国强,郭奕珊.钻机井架结构承载力的振动诊断方法[J].全国设备诊断技术学会会议.北京：兵器工业出版社,1997,133-138
[43]李学彤,周国强.在用7000m钻机井架可靠性评定[J].石油矿场机械,1995,21(6)：19-23
[44]常玉连.由单位载荷变形判定钻机井架的承载能力[J].石油机械,1995,23(2)：24-28
[45]Non-destructive Industrial Condition Tese Process for Drilling Derricks. USSR 1716075A1,1996,12～21
[46]孙松尧,史怀忠.井架强度数值计算[J].石油矿场机械.2004,33(3)：30-32
[47]刘巨保.石油设备有限元分析[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1996,11-264
[48]API Spec 4F-Specification for Drilling and Well Servicing Structures, American Petroleum Institute,1995,22～31
[49]任伟新,曾庆元.钢压杆稳定极限承载力分析[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1994,10-151
[50]程进,江见鲸,肖汝诚.拱桥结构极限承载力的研究现状与发展[J].北京：公路交通科技,2002,(4)：57-59
[2]沈祖炎,李国强,陈以一等.钢结构学[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005,10-132
[3]任重.ANSYS实用分析教程[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2003,6-46
[4]王崧,刘丽娟,董春敏.有限元分析—ANSYS理论与应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008,20-86
[5]易日.使用ANSYS进行进行结构动力学分析[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2002,42-91
[6]魏明钟.钢结构[M].武汉：武汉工业大学出版社,2000,23-51
[7]ANSYS. Inc, ANSYS Elements Reference.1. Eleventh Edition, SAS, IP Inc,2001, 17-28
[8]周长城,胡仁喜,熊立波.ANSYS基础与典型范[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007,28-105
[9]侯广平,黄悦华.石油钻机井架的现状与发展趋势[J].石油矿场机械,1995,25(5)：21-24
[10]范祖尧,郁永熙.结构力学[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1980,112-120
[11]C.T.F.ROSS, (Hons), Ph. D. Computational Methods in Structural and Continuum Mechanics. First published in 1982 by Ellis HORWOOD Limited
[12]秦延龙,杨玉霞.井架实验模型设计[J].石油矿场机械,1993,22(3)：8-11
[13]周国强,郭奕珊.在用井架剩余承载能力极限状态评价方法[J].石油机械,1998,26(11)15-17
[14]武吉有.JJ160/41-K型井架结构优化及稳定性分析[J].钻采工艺,2000,23(2)：54-56
[15]高学仕,齐明侠.修井机井架的强度与疲劳分析[J].石油矿场机械,2001,30(4)：9-11
[16]Activity hazard analysis. Derrick Operations.2001,2(1):1-2
[17]李亚明,胡云昌,项忠权.井架在风载作用下的可靠性分析[J].石油学报,1997,18(1)：116-122
[18]A.Q.斯米尔诺夫.结构振动与稳定性[M].楼志文译.北京：科学出版社,1963,25-81
[19]郑哲敏,周恒,张涵信.21世纪初的力学发展趋势[J].科学与发展,1999,4(1)：3-7
[20]袁中立.石油井架风载分析[J].石油机械,1988,16(5)：16-23
[21]任秉江.石油K型井架承载能力的理论和测试研究[D].硕士学位论文.大庆：大庆石油学院,1997,24-60
[22]刘金美.在用石油井架结构分析、测试及评定理论[D].硕士学位论文.大庆：大庆石油学院,2001,21-30
[23]陈淮,王伟,马成刚.石油井架动力学行为分析[J].石油机械：1996：13(1)：33-35
[24]裴峻峰,陈荣振,期明侠.石油井架可靠性设计中载荷与载荷效应[J].石油大学学报,1997,21(4)：37-39
[25]Yin Zhou, Tracy Kijewski, Ahsan Kareem. Along-wind load effects on tall buildings:Comparative Study of Major International Codes and Standards. Journal of Structure Engingeering,2002,6:788-796
[26]Yukio Tamurn, Takeshi Ohkuma, Hisashi Okada, etal. Wind loading standards and design criteria in Japan. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn.1999,83:555～566
[27]何霞,刘清友,金迅.HYX90海洋修井机井架力学分析[J].天然气工业,2004,24(2),59-60
[28]陆浩华.自升式海洋平台结构动力学响应分析[D].硕士学位论文.武汉：武汉理工大学,2005,20-42
[29]韩秀清,邹红云,杨光.Ⅱ型井架背部杆联结刚度对其动力特性的影响[J].吉林大学学报,2000,21(3)：13-16
[30]关晓晶,周国强,郭奕珊.海洋石油钻机井架动力学特性分析[J].大庆石油学报,2005,29(3)：53-54
[31]邹庆龙,付海龙,.任国友.基于I-DEAS的石油井架模态分析[J].天然气工业,2005,26(7)：59-61
[32]孙孝真,贾新成.钻机设备安装方位的探讨[J].石油钻探技术,1996(9)：41-42
[33]付海龙.石油钻机井架动态响应研究[D].硕士学位论文.大庆：大庆石油学院,2005,21-30
[34]Mark Killion. Engineering firm combines finite element analysis and engineering handbook to speed up smoke stack design. Killion Engineering:1～4
[35]Robertson, David S. Oil derricks and Corinthian columns. Journal of Cultural Geography,1996,16(1):1～7
[36]G. S. Palani, J.Rajasankar, N. R. Iyer. Reliable finite element analysis of ship structural components. Engineering for the Maritime Environment.217:159～170
[37]李良,李增良,彦廷俊.基于ANSYS5.4的A形井架结构综合分析[J].石油机械,2002,30(4)：22-24
[38]师汉民,吴雅等.机械振动系统[M].武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1992,10-211
[39]张有志,王得彬.修井机井架的实验研究[J].石油机械,2000,86,14(4)2-28
[40]曲守平,赵登峰,单东升.40t修井井架强度的有限元分析[J].长春大学学报,2000,10(6)：1-4
[41]齐明侠,囊峻峰,陈目明等.修井机起升动载系数的测定与确定[J].石油矿场机械,1998,26(2)：41-44
[42]周国强,郭奕珊.钻机井架结构承载力的振动诊断方法[J].全国设备诊断技术学会会议.北京：兵器工业出版社,1997,133-138
[43]李学彤,周国强.在用7000m钻机井架可靠性评定[J].石油矿场机械,1995,21(6)：19-23
[44]常玉连.由单位载荷变形判定钻机井架的承载能力[J].石油机械,1995,23(2)：24-28
[45]Non-destructive Industrial Condition Tese Process for Drilling Derricks. USSR 1716075A1,1996,12～21
[46]孙松尧,史怀忠.井架强度数值计算[J].石油矿场机械.2004,33(3)：30-32
[47]刘巨保.石油设备有限元分析[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1996,11-264
[48]API Spec 4F-Specification for Drilling and Well Servicing Structures, American Petroleum Institute,1995,22～31
[49]任伟新,曾庆元.钢压杆稳定极限承载力分析[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1994,10-151
[50]程进,江见鲸,肖汝诚.拱桥结构极限承载力的研究现状与发展[J].北京：公路交通科技,2002,(4)：57-59