大豆开花逆转现象的研究
摘要
本研究以晚熟大豆（Glycine max（L.）Merr.）品种自贡冬豆纯系为主要试验材料，在
人工控制光照长度的条件下，对大豆开花逆转的类型、诱导开花逆转的光照条件、温度
效应、不同叶片在成花和开花逆转过程中的作用、大豆结荚习性的可变性、开花逆转的
形态解剖及品种差异等进行了研究，进一步完善了“短日处理（开花）、长日处理（持
续营养生长）、短日—长日处理（开花逆转）三种处理方法（发育状态）相互比较、自
贡冬豆纯系为材料”的可用于大豆个体发育和光周期反应机制研究的实验材料系统。主
要结果总结如下：
1．将大豆开花逆转的类型划分为整株逆转和局部逆转两大类，其中局部逆转分为
花逆转和花序逆转两种，花序逆转包括顶端花序逆转和侧生花序逆转。
2．观察短日—长日处理后花序和花形态的变化，发现在少数新发生的分枝上，可
出现侧生花序逆转。
3．研究顶端花序类型与短日及长日条件的关系。结果表明，随短日处理日数的增
加，营养芽类型逐渐减少，顶端花序逆转类型先增后减，短花序形式逐渐增多。提出短
花序类型是苗期短日诱导效果最强的形式，花序逆转是生殖生长和营养生长的过渡类
型。
4．不同时期暗期光间断试验结果表明，在大豆发育的不同时期，以红光方式结束
的暗期光间断处理，均延缓或阻止自贡冬豆的生殖发育，促进营养生长，说明大豆从出
苗至近成熟的不同阶段，均有光周期反应，光敏色素始终是光周期信号的接受者，大豆
开花、结实有相近的光周期需求和信号接受机制。
5．确定短日处理期间不同叶片的作用，发现在幼苗期，一对单叶可接受足以引起
植株转向生殖发育的短日信号。由此可见，单叶是本实验系统中大豆品种自贡冬豆幼苗
光周期信号的接受器官。
6．研究光温互作对顶端花序逆转的影响，证明温度通过影响光周期反应的强弱影
响自贡冬豆的发育。高温不仅可加强短日促进作用，也加强长日抑制作用。
7．在顶端花序发育过程中进行长日处理，使自贡冬豆的顶端出现正常总状花序至
营养生长顶端的各种类型。说明大豆结荚习性是一定发育状况下基因型与环境因子共同
作用的结果，三种结荚习性类型可因环境不同而相互转变。
8．对逆转植株进行形态解剖，并探讨了大豆开花逆转的普遍性。
The phenomena of flower reversion, inflorescence reversion and whole-plant
reversion were observed and could be induced under suitable photoperiod
treatments in Zigongdongdou, a late maturing soybean variety from Sichuan
Province, China. After emergence, the seedlings were treated with I 2h short day
(SD) for about 10 days. During the SD treatment, all the trifoliolate leaves were
taken off as soon as they appeared. Then, the plants were transferred to a long day
(LD, >1 5h) condition. Under the treatment, it was found that the plants initiated
flower primordia and then formed a terminal inflorescence, but the upper part of
the inflorescence was reversed to vegetative structure. The normal flowers,
reversed flowers (with one bract and two bracteoles but without floral organs) and
normal vegetative buds could be seen on the same inflorescence. In another
situation, when the normally flowering plants at Ri to R3 were transferred and
treated under LD (>1 5h), the existed flowers and young pods dropped down, new
branches appeared and the whole plant reversed to vegetative growth. This
phenomenon was designated as whole-plant reversion. The reversed 慺lowers?could
be found on the newly formed branches occasionally and the reversed plants could
bloom again and mature if transferred to SD for enough days.
Flowering reversion could also be induced through night break with red light
(R) and its effect could be reversed with far-red (Fr) light exposure. Flower
reversion and inflorescence reversion were found on the plants treated with 1 2h SD
for 13 days after emergence and then treated under 1 4h SD with night break of red
light (R), Fr-R or R-Fr-R. The whole-plant reversion could be induced with above
night break after flowering, too.
Photo-thermal interaction was evident in induction of flowering reversion of
soybeans. The LD inhibiting effect on flowering was stronger under a higher
temperature than under a lower one.
The flowering reversion is a newly found phenomenon and might be of
importance in studying the ontogeny and development of soybean.
Wu Cunxiang, Master Candidate in Crop Physiology
Supervised by Prof Han Tianfu
人工控制光照长度的条件下，对大豆开花逆转的类型、诱导开花逆转的光照条件、温度
效应、不同叶片在成花和开花逆转过程中的作用、大豆结荚习性的可变性、开花逆转的
形态解剖及品种差异等进行了研究，进一步完善了“短日处理（开花）、长日处理（持
续营养生长）、短日—长日处理（开花逆转）三种处理方法（发育状态）相互比较、自
贡冬豆纯系为材料”的可用于大豆个体发育和光周期反应机制研究的实验材料系统。主
要结果总结如下：
1．将大豆开花逆转的类型划分为整株逆转和局部逆转两大类，其中局部逆转分为
花逆转和花序逆转两种，花序逆转包括顶端花序逆转和侧生花序逆转。
2．观察短日—长日处理后花序和花形态的变化，发现在少数新发生的分枝上，可
出现侧生花序逆转。
3．研究顶端花序类型与短日及长日条件的关系。结果表明，随短日处理日数的增
加，营养芽类型逐渐减少，顶端花序逆转类型先增后减，短花序形式逐渐增多。提出短
花序类型是苗期短日诱导效果最强的形式，花序逆转是生殖生长和营养生长的过渡类
型。
4．不同时期暗期光间断试验结果表明，在大豆发育的不同时期，以红光方式结束
的暗期光间断处理，均延缓或阻止自贡冬豆的生殖发育，促进营养生长，说明大豆从出
苗至近成熟的不同阶段，均有光周期反应，光敏色素始终是光周期信号的接受者，大豆
开花、结实有相近的光周期需求和信号接受机制。
5．确定短日处理期间不同叶片的作用，发现在幼苗期，一对单叶可接受足以引起
植株转向生殖发育的短日信号。由此可见，单叶是本实验系统中大豆品种自贡冬豆幼苗
光周期信号的接受器官。
6．研究光温互作对顶端花序逆转的影响，证明温度通过影响光周期反应的强弱影
响自贡冬豆的发育。高温不仅可加强短日促进作用，也加强长日抑制作用。
7．在顶端花序发育过程中进行长日处理，使自贡冬豆的顶端出现正常总状花序至
营养生长顶端的各种类型。说明大豆结荚习性是一定发育状况下基因型与环境因子共同
作用的结果，三种结荚习性类型可因环境不同而相互转变。
8．对逆转植株进行形态解剖，并探讨了大豆开花逆转的普遍性。
The phenomena of flower reversion, inflorescence reversion and whole-plant
reversion were observed and could be induced under suitable photoperiod
treatments in Zigongdongdou, a late maturing soybean variety from Sichuan
Province, China. After emergence, the seedlings were treated with I 2h short day
(SD) for about 10 days. During the SD treatment, all the trifoliolate leaves were
taken off as soon as they appeared. Then, the plants were transferred to a long day
(LD, >1 5h) condition. Under the treatment, it was found that the plants initiated
flower primordia and then formed a terminal inflorescence, but the upper part of
the inflorescence was reversed to vegetative structure. The normal flowers,
reversed flowers (with one bract and two bracteoles but without floral organs) and
normal vegetative buds could be seen on the same inflorescence. In another
situation, when the normally flowering plants at Ri to R3 were transferred and
treated under LD (>1 5h), the existed flowers and young pods dropped down, new
branches appeared and the whole plant reversed to vegetative growth. This
phenomenon was designated as whole-plant reversion. The reversed 慺lowers?could
be found on the newly formed branches occasionally and the reversed plants could
bloom again and mature if transferred to SD for enough days.
Flowering reversion could also be induced through night break with red light
(R) and its effect could be reversed with far-red (Fr) light exposure. Flower
reversion and inflorescence reversion were found on the plants treated with 1 2h SD
for 13 days after emergence and then treated under 1 4h SD with night break of red
light (R), Fr-R or R-Fr-R. The whole-plant reversion could be induced with above
night break after flowering, too.
Photo-thermal interaction was evident in induction of flowering reversion of
soybeans. The LD inhibiting effect on flowering was stronger under a higher
temperature than under a lower one.
The flowering reversion is a newly found phenomenon and might be of
importance in studying the ontogeny and development of soybean.
Wu Cunxiang, Master Candidate in Crop Physiology
Supervised by Prof Han Tianfu
引文
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