抗幽门螺杆菌治疗对纠正H.pylori阳性患者缺铁性贫血的系统评价
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摘要
第一部分
抗幽门螺杆菌治疗对纠正H.pylori阳性患者缺铁性贫血的系统评价
[目的]幽门螺杆菌感染和缺铁性贫血都是全球范围内发病率很高的疾病,造成严重的疾病负担。这两种疾病是否相关,对于合并幽门螺杆菌感染的缺铁性贫血患者,给与清除幽门螺杆菌治疗是否能够有效的纠正贫血,上述问题学术界尚无定论。最近几年对这两种疾病相关性的临床研究广泛开展,但结论并不一致,甚至互相矛盾。作者希望通过meta分析对此临床问题进行客观、全面的系统评价,以便于指导临床决策。
[方法]计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、MEDLINE、EMBASE、中国医学文摘数据库(CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(CJFD)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP),同时联系相关专家提供研究细节和获得未发表的文献,文献的语种不限。本研究只纳入随机对照试验,数据分析使用Revman 5.0统计软件。对各研究的测量的统计结果用标准均数差(SMD),并以95%CI表示,若P值小于0.05则认为两种方案治疗的结果有统计学意义。
[结果]最终纳入16个随机对照试验(956个病人)。统计指标：两组间(抗幽门螺杆菌治疗并补充铁剂组vs.单纯补充铁剂组)治疗前后Hb(血红蛋白)、SI(血清铁)以及SF(铁蛋白)的差值均有统计学差异。(SMD,Hb 1.48；95%CI,0.96,2.00；P<0.00001；SI 1.15；95%CI,0.87,1.43；P<0.00001；SF 1.84；95%CI,1.20,2.48；P<0.00001)。
[结论]对于幽门螺杆菌阳性的缺铁性贫血患者,在补充铁剂的同时给与抗幽门螺杆菌治疗,能够更加有效的纠正贫血。尤其在重度贫血,联合治疗的效果更加显著。该研究提示幽门螺杆菌在不同程度的贫血患者中可能发挥着不同的作用。在此方面,可以进行更深入的研究。
第二部分
莫西沙星三联方案对幽门螺杆菌一线治疗疗效的系统评价
[目的]幽门螺杆菌是全球感染率最高,潜在危害最大的病原菌之一。虽然已经有很多联合方案,但随之出现的是越来越严重的细菌耐药。目前被推荐的标准三联方案普遍存在根除率较低、副反应较多、服药不方便等缺陷。本研究旨在评价以莫西沙星为基础的三联方案能否够克服以上缺点,而成为的新的替代方案。
[方法]计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、MEDLINE、EMBASE、中国医学文摘数据库(CBM),同时联系相关专家提供研究细节和获得未发表的文献,文献的语种不限。本研究只纳入随机对照试验；所有的幽门螺杆菌感染病人必须通过尿素呼气试验或者胃镜组织学确定；干预措施必须包括莫西沙星为基础的三联方案(莫西沙星+质子泵抑制剂+一种抗生素)与标准三联方案(质子泵抑制剂+两种抗生素)；所有的研究必须清楚地报告了幽门螺杆菌清除率、服药后并发症。数据分析使用Revman 5.0统计软件,对各研究测量的结果统计用相对危险度RR(二分类变量),以95%CI表示,若P值<0.05则认为两种治疗的结果差异有统计学意义。
[结果]最终纳入了4个随机对照试验(772个病人)。Meta分析的结果显示,幽门螺杆菌清除率两组间有统计学差异,RR,1.13；95%CI,1.01,1.27；P=0.04；副反应发生率两组间无统计学差异,RR,0.61；95%CI,0.25,1.48；P<0.28。
[结论]当前的最佳证据表明,莫西沙星为基础的三联方案与原有的标准三联方案相比,前者抗菌效果更好,而且并不增加副反应的发生率。由于原始随机对照试验较少,纳入样本有限,而且试验人群仅限于欧洲和中国,对其结果的解释和推广必须慎重。该研究提示,后续研究应纳入其他地区的人群,设计更加严谨的大规模试验,为临床应用提供更加有力的证据。
第三部分
莫西沙星三联方案对幽门螺杆菌二线治疗疗效的系统评价
[目的]幽门螺杆菌是全球感染率最高,潜在危害最大的病原菌之一。虽然已经有很多联合方案,但随之出现的是越来越严重的细菌耐药。一线治疗失败的患者面临着第二次选择敏感方案的问题。目前被推荐的标准二线方案为铋剂为基础的四联方案,该方案普遍存在根除率较低、副反应较多、服药不方便、患者依从性差等缺陷。本研究旨在评价以莫西沙星为基础的三联方案能否够克服以上缺点,而成为的新的替代二线方案。
[方法]计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、MEDLINE、EMBASE、中国医学文摘数据库(CBM),同时联系相关专家提供研究细节和获得未发表的文献,文献的语种不限。本研究只纳入随机对照试验；所有的幽门螺杆菌感染病人必须通过尿素呼气试验确定；干预措施必须包括莫西沙星为基础的三联方案(莫西沙星+质子泵抑制剂+一种抗生素)与标准四联方案(质子泵抑制剂+铋剂+两种抗生素)；所有的研究必须清楚地报告了幽门螺杆菌清除率、服药后并发症。数据分析使用Revman 5.0统计软件,对各研究的测量的统计结果用相对危险度RR,以95%CI表示,若P值<0.05则认为两种治疗的结果差异有统计学意义。
[结果]最终纳入了4个随机对照试验(519个病人)。Meta分析的结果显示,幽门螺杆菌清除率两组间有统计学差异,RR,1.18；95%CI,1.04,1.34；P=0.01；副反应发生率两组间也有统计学差异,RR,0.39；95%CI,027,0.57P<0.00001。
[结论]当前的最佳证据表明,莫西沙星为基础的三联方案与目前标准二线四联方案相比较,前者抗菌效果更好,副反应的发生率更低。由于原始随机对照试验较少,纳入样本有限,而且试验人群仅限于欧洲、韩国和中国,对其结果的解释和推广必须慎重。该研究提示,后续研究应纳入其他空白地区的人群,设计更加严谨的大规模试验,为临床应用提供更加有力的证据。
Part One
Helicobacter pylori Eradication for Iron-Deficiency Anemia-A Meta-analysis
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia are prevalent in disadvantaged populations worldwide. The benefit of Helicobacter pylori eradiation for iron deficiency anemia has been extensively studied, but data are still equivocal.
METHODS A search in The Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, EBM Review databases, Science Citation Index Expanded, and CMB (Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing anti-Helicobacter pylori plus oral iron to oral iron alone for the iron deficiency patients in whom Helicobacter pylori was positive were selected for meta-analysis. Reviev Manager 5.0 software was used for the performance of meta-analysis.
RESULTS Sixteen randomized controlled trials totaling 956 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that the difference from baseline to endpoint of hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron (SI), and serum ferritin (SF) was statistically significantly different between anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment plus oral iron and oral iron alone (SMD, Hb 1.48; 95%CI,0.96,2.00; P<0.00001; 'SI 1.15; 95%CI,0.87,1.43; P<0.00001; SF 1.84; 95%CI,1.20,2.48; P<0.00001; respectively).
CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection could be effective in improving anemia and iron statue in IDA patients infected by Helicobacter pylori, particularly in patients with moderate or severe anemia.
Part Two
Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy versus clarithromycin-based triple therapy for first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection:A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Ttrials
Background Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy has been suggested as an alternative first line therapy to clarithromycin-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.
Aims To systematically review the efficacy and tolerance of moxifloxacin-based triple therapy, and to conduct a meta-analysis of studies comparing these regimens with clarithromycin-based triple therapy.
Methods A search of in The Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, EBM Review databases, Science Citation Index Expanded, CMB (Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing moxifloxacin-based triple therapy to gold standard triple therapy in the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection were selected for meta-analysis. Relative risk (RR) was used as a measure of the effect of two regimens mentioned above with a fixed-effects model using the methods of DerSimonian and Laird.
Results Four randomized controlled trials totaling 772 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that the eradication rate was statistically significantly different between moxifloxacin-based triple therapy and clarithromycin-based triple therapy (RR,1.13; 95%CI,1.01,1.27;P=0.04); and there were no statistically significantly different in overall side effects (RR,0.61; 95% CI,0.25,1.48; P<0.28).
Conclusions Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy is more effective and better tolerated than clarithromycin-based triple therapy in the treatment of H. pylori infection.
Part Three
Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy versus standard quadruple regimens for second-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection:A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Background Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy has been suggested as an alternative therapy to current recommended salvage therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.
Aims To systematically review the efficacy and tolerance of moxifloxacin-based triple therapy, and to conduct a meta-analysis of studies comparing standard quadruple regimens for second-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Methods A search of in The Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, EBM Review databases, Science Citation Index Expanded, and CMB (Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing moxifloxacin-based triple therapy to standard quadruple therapy in the second-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection were selected for meta-analysis. Relative risk (RR) was used as a measure of the effect of two regimens mentioned above with a fixed-effects model using the methods of DerSimonian and Laird.
Results Four randomized controlled trials totaling 519 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that the eradication rate was statistically significantly different (RR,1.08; 95%CI,1.14, 1.34; P=0.01); and the incidence of overall side effects was also statistically different (RR,0.39; 95% CI,0.27,0.57; P<0.00001) between moxifloxacin-based triple therapy and standard quadruple therapy.
Conclusions Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy is more effective and better tolerated than standard quadruple therapy in the second-line treatment of H. pylori infection.
抗幽门螺杆菌治疗对纠正H.pylori阳性患者缺铁性贫血的系统评价
[目的]幽门螺杆菌感染和缺铁性贫血都是全球范围内发病率很高的疾病,造成严重的疾病负担。这两种疾病是否相关,对于合并幽门螺杆菌感染的缺铁性贫血患者,给与清除幽门螺杆菌治疗是否能够有效的纠正贫血,上述问题学术界尚无定论。最近几年对这两种疾病相关性的临床研究广泛开展,但结论并不一致,甚至互相矛盾。作者希望通过meta分析对此临床问题进行客观、全面的系统评价,以便于指导临床决策。
[方法]计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、MEDLINE、EMBASE、中国医学文摘数据库(CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(CJFD)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP),同时联系相关专家提供研究细节和获得未发表的文献,文献的语种不限。本研究只纳入随机对照试验,数据分析使用Revman 5.0统计软件。对各研究的测量的统计结果用标准均数差(SMD),并以95%CI表示,若P值小于0.05则认为两种方案治疗的结果有统计学意义。
[结果]最终纳入16个随机对照试验(956个病人)。统计指标：两组间(抗幽门螺杆菌治疗并补充铁剂组vs.单纯补充铁剂组)治疗前后Hb(血红蛋白)、SI(血清铁)以及SF(铁蛋白)的差值均有统计学差异。(SMD,Hb 1.48；95%CI,0.96,2.00；P<0.00001；SI 1.15；95%CI,0.87,1.43；P<0.00001；SF 1.84；95%CI,1.20,2.48；P<0.00001)。
[结论]对于幽门螺杆菌阳性的缺铁性贫血患者,在补充铁剂的同时给与抗幽门螺杆菌治疗,能够更加有效的纠正贫血。尤其在重度贫血,联合治疗的效果更加显著。该研究提示幽门螺杆菌在不同程度的贫血患者中可能发挥着不同的作用。在此方面,可以进行更深入的研究。
第二部分
莫西沙星三联方案对幽门螺杆菌一线治疗疗效的系统评价
[目的]幽门螺杆菌是全球感染率最高,潜在危害最大的病原菌之一。虽然已经有很多联合方案,但随之出现的是越来越严重的细菌耐药。目前被推荐的标准三联方案普遍存在根除率较低、副反应较多、服药不方便等缺陷。本研究旨在评价以莫西沙星为基础的三联方案能否够克服以上缺点,而成为的新的替代方案。
[方法]计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、MEDLINE、EMBASE、中国医学文摘数据库(CBM),同时联系相关专家提供研究细节和获得未发表的文献,文献的语种不限。本研究只纳入随机对照试验；所有的幽门螺杆菌感染病人必须通过尿素呼气试验或者胃镜组织学确定；干预措施必须包括莫西沙星为基础的三联方案(莫西沙星+质子泵抑制剂+一种抗生素)与标准三联方案(质子泵抑制剂+两种抗生素)；所有的研究必须清楚地报告了幽门螺杆菌清除率、服药后并发症。数据分析使用Revman 5.0统计软件,对各研究测量的结果统计用相对危险度RR(二分类变量),以95%CI表示,若P值<0.05则认为两种治疗的结果差异有统计学意义。
[结果]最终纳入了4个随机对照试验(772个病人)。Meta分析的结果显示,幽门螺杆菌清除率两组间有统计学差异,RR,1.13；95%CI,1.01,1.27；P=0.04；副反应发生率两组间无统计学差异,RR,0.61；95%CI,0.25,1.48；P<0.28。
[结论]当前的最佳证据表明,莫西沙星为基础的三联方案与原有的标准三联方案相比,前者抗菌效果更好,而且并不增加副反应的发生率。由于原始随机对照试验较少,纳入样本有限,而且试验人群仅限于欧洲和中国,对其结果的解释和推广必须慎重。该研究提示,后续研究应纳入其他地区的人群,设计更加严谨的大规模试验,为临床应用提供更加有力的证据。
第三部分
莫西沙星三联方案对幽门螺杆菌二线治疗疗效的系统评价
[目的]幽门螺杆菌是全球感染率最高,潜在危害最大的病原菌之一。虽然已经有很多联合方案,但随之出现的是越来越严重的细菌耐药。一线治疗失败的患者面临着第二次选择敏感方案的问题。目前被推荐的标准二线方案为铋剂为基础的四联方案,该方案普遍存在根除率较低、副反应较多、服药不方便、患者依从性差等缺陷。本研究旨在评价以莫西沙星为基础的三联方案能否够克服以上缺点,而成为的新的替代二线方案。
[方法]计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、MEDLINE、EMBASE、中国医学文摘数据库(CBM),同时联系相关专家提供研究细节和获得未发表的文献,文献的语种不限。本研究只纳入随机对照试验；所有的幽门螺杆菌感染病人必须通过尿素呼气试验确定；干预措施必须包括莫西沙星为基础的三联方案(莫西沙星+质子泵抑制剂+一种抗生素)与标准四联方案(质子泵抑制剂+铋剂+两种抗生素)；所有的研究必须清楚地报告了幽门螺杆菌清除率、服药后并发症。数据分析使用Revman 5.0统计软件,对各研究的测量的统计结果用相对危险度RR,以95%CI表示,若P值<0.05则认为两种治疗的结果差异有统计学意义。
[结果]最终纳入了4个随机对照试验(519个病人)。Meta分析的结果显示,幽门螺杆菌清除率两组间有统计学差异,RR,1.18；95%CI,1.04,1.34；P=0.01；副反应发生率两组间也有统计学差异,RR,0.39；95%CI,027,0.57P<0.00001。
[结论]当前的最佳证据表明,莫西沙星为基础的三联方案与目前标准二线四联方案相比较,前者抗菌效果更好,副反应的发生率更低。由于原始随机对照试验较少,纳入样本有限,而且试验人群仅限于欧洲、韩国和中国,对其结果的解释和推广必须慎重。该研究提示,后续研究应纳入其他空白地区的人群,设计更加严谨的大规模试验,为临床应用提供更加有力的证据。
Part One
Helicobacter pylori Eradication for Iron-Deficiency Anemia-A Meta-analysis
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia are prevalent in disadvantaged populations worldwide. The benefit of Helicobacter pylori eradiation for iron deficiency anemia has been extensively studied, but data are still equivocal.
METHODS A search in The Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, EBM Review databases, Science Citation Index Expanded, and CMB (Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing anti-Helicobacter pylori plus oral iron to oral iron alone for the iron deficiency patients in whom Helicobacter pylori was positive were selected for meta-analysis. Reviev Manager 5.0 software was used for the performance of meta-analysis.
RESULTS Sixteen randomized controlled trials totaling 956 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that the difference from baseline to endpoint of hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron (SI), and serum ferritin (SF) was statistically significantly different between anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment plus oral iron and oral iron alone (SMD, Hb 1.48; 95%CI,0.96,2.00; P<0.00001; 'SI 1.15; 95%CI,0.87,1.43; P<0.00001; SF 1.84; 95%CI,1.20,2.48; P<0.00001; respectively).
CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection could be effective in improving anemia and iron statue in IDA patients infected by Helicobacter pylori, particularly in patients with moderate or severe anemia.
Part Two
Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy versus clarithromycin-based triple therapy for first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection:A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Ttrials
Background Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy has been suggested as an alternative first line therapy to clarithromycin-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.
Aims To systematically review the efficacy and tolerance of moxifloxacin-based triple therapy, and to conduct a meta-analysis of studies comparing these regimens with clarithromycin-based triple therapy.
Methods A search of in The Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, EBM Review databases, Science Citation Index Expanded, CMB (Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing moxifloxacin-based triple therapy to gold standard triple therapy in the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection were selected for meta-analysis. Relative risk (RR) was used as a measure of the effect of two regimens mentioned above with a fixed-effects model using the methods of DerSimonian and Laird.
Results Four randomized controlled trials totaling 772 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that the eradication rate was statistically significantly different between moxifloxacin-based triple therapy and clarithromycin-based triple therapy (RR,1.13; 95%CI,1.01,1.27;P=0.04); and there were no statistically significantly different in overall side effects (RR,0.61; 95% CI,0.25,1.48; P<0.28).
Conclusions Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy is more effective and better tolerated than clarithromycin-based triple therapy in the treatment of H. pylori infection.
Part Three
Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy versus standard quadruple regimens for second-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection:A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Background Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy has been suggested as an alternative therapy to current recommended salvage therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.
Aims To systematically review the efficacy and tolerance of moxifloxacin-based triple therapy, and to conduct a meta-analysis of studies comparing standard quadruple regimens for second-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Methods A search of in The Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, EBM Review databases, Science Citation Index Expanded, and CMB (Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing moxifloxacin-based triple therapy to standard quadruple therapy in the second-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection were selected for meta-analysis. Relative risk (RR) was used as a measure of the effect of two regimens mentioned above with a fixed-effects model using the methods of DerSimonian and Laird.
Results Four randomized controlled trials totaling 519 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that the eradication rate was statistically significantly different (RR,1.08; 95%CI,1.14, 1.34; P=0.01); and the incidence of overall side effects was also statistically different (RR,0.39; 95% CI,0.27,0.57; P<0.00001) between moxifloxacin-based triple therapy and standard quadruple therapy.
Conclusions Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy is more effective and better tolerated than standard quadruple therapy in the second-line treatment of H. pylori infection.
引文
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3 Uemura N, Okamoto S, Yamamoto S, Matsumura N, Yamaguchi S, Yamakido M, Taniyama K, Sasaki N, Schlemper RJ. Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer. N Engl J Med 2001 Sep 13; 345 (11):784-9.
4 Parsonnet J, Hansen S, Rodriguez L, Gelb AB, Warnke RA, Jellum E, Orentreich N, Vogelman JH, Friedman GD. Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric lymphoma. N Engl J Med.1994 May 5; 330(18):1267-71.
5 Suerbaum S, Michetti P. Helicobacter pylori infection. N Engl J Med 2002 Oct 10; 347 (15):1175-86.
6 Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain C, Hungin AP, Jones R, Axon A, Graham DY, Tytgat G; European Helicobacter Pylori Study Group (EHPSG). Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection--the Maastricht 2-2000 Consensus Report. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Feb; 16 (2):167-80.
7 Lam SK, Talley NJ. Report of the 1997 Asia Pacific Consensus Conference on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol.1998 Jan; 13 (1):1-12.
8 Bazzoli F. Italian omeprazole triple therapy--a 1-week regimen. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1996; 215:118
9 Houben MH, van de Beek D, Hensen EF, Craen AJ, Rauws EA, Tytgat GN. A systematic review of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. The impact of antimicrobial resistance on eradication rates. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.1999 Aug; 13 (8):1047-55.
10 Graham DY. Antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori:implications for therapy. Gastroenterology.1998 Nov; 115(5):1272-7.
1.1 Megraud F, Doermann HP. Clinical relevance of resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori:a review of current data. Gut 1998 Jul; 43 Suppl 1:S61-5.
12 Megraud F. H pylori antibiotic resistance:Prevalence, importance, and advances in testing. Gut 2004 Sep; 53 (9):1374-84.
13 Ducons JA, Santolaria S, Guirao R, Ferrero M, Montoro M, Gomollon F. Impact of clarithromycin resistance on the effectiveness of a regimen for Helicobacter pylori:a prospective study of 1-week lansoprazole, amoxycillin and clarithromycin in active peptic ulcer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999 Jun; 13 (6):775-80.
14 Pilotto A, Rassu M, Leandro G, Franceschi M, Di Mario F; Interdisciplinary Group for the Study of Ulcer. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics in Northeast Italy:a multicentre study. GISU. Interdisciplinary Group for the Study of Ulcer. Dig Liver Dis 2000 Dec; 32 (9):763-8.
15 Meyer JM, Silliman NP, Wang W, Siepman NY, Sugg JE, Morris D, Zhang J, Bhattacharyya H, King EC, Hopkins RJ. Risk factors for Helicobacter pylori resistance in the United States:the surveillance of H pylori antimicrobial resistance partnership (SHARP) study,1993-1999. Ann Intern Med 2002 Jan 1; 136 (1):13-24.
16 Graham DY. Therapy of Helicobacter pylori:current status and issues. Gastroenterology 2000 Feb;118(2 Suppl 1):S2-8.
17 Tankovic J, Lascols C, Sculo Q, Petit JC, Soussy CJ. Single and double mutations in gyrA but not in gyrB are associated with low-and high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Helicobacter pylori. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003 Dec;47(12):3942-4.
18 Debets-Ossenkopp YJ, Herscheid AJ, Pot RG, Kuipers EJ, Kusters JG, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin, tetracycline and trovafloxacin in The Netherlands. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999 Apr; 43 (4):511-5.
19 Boyanova L, Mentis A, Gubina M, Rozynek E, Gosciniak G, Kalenic S, G?ral V, Kupcinskas L, Kantar?eken B, Aydin A, Archimandritis A, Dzierzanowska D, Vcev A, Ivanova K, Marina M, Mitov I, Petrov P, Ozden A, Popova M. The status of antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori in eastern Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect 2002 Jul; 8 (7):388-96.
20 Cabrita J, Oleastro M, Matos R, Manhente A, Cabral J, Barros R, Lopes AI, Ramalho P, Neves BC, Guerreiro AS. Features and trends in Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Lisbon area, Portugal (1990-1999). J Antimicrob Chemother 2000 Dec; 46 (6):1029-31.
21 Di Caro S, Ojetti V, Zocco MA, Cremonini F, Bartolozzi F, Candelli M, Lupascu A, Nista EC, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini A. Mono, dual and triple moxifloxacin-based therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment Pharmacol Ther.2002 Mar; 16 (3):527-32.
22 Cammarota G, Cianci R, Cannizzaro O, Cuoco L, Pirozzi G, Gasbarrini A, Armuzzi A, Zocco MA, Santarelli L, Arancio F, Gasbarrini G. Efficacy of two one-week rabeprazole/levofloxacin-based triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000 Oct; 14 (10):1339-43.
23 Sharara AI, Chaar HF, Racoubian E, Moukhachen O, Barada KA, Mourad FH, Araj GF. Efficacy of two rabeprazole/gatifloxacin-based triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2004 Jun; 9 (3):255-61.
24 Di Caro S, Zocco MA, Cremonini F, Candelli M, Nista EC, Bartolozzi F, Armuzzi A, Cammarota G, Santarelli L, Gasbarrini A. Levofloxacin based regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002 Dec; 14 (12):1309-12.
25 Nista EC, Candelli M, Zocco MA, Cazzato IA, Cremonini F, Ojetti V, Santoro M, Finizio R, Pignataro G, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A. Moxifloxacin-based strategies for first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005 May 15; 21 (10):1241-7.
26 Cheon JH, Kim N, Lee DH, Kim JM, Kim JS, Jung HC, Song IS. Efficacy of moxifloxacin-based triple therapy as second-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection.. Helicobacter 2006 Feb; 11 (1):46-51.
27 Bago P, Vcev A, Tomic M, Rozankovic M, Marusic M, Bago J. High eradication rate of H. pylori with moxifloxacin-based treatment:a randomized controlled trial. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2007; 119; 119(11-12):372-8.
28 Liu Z, Shang X, Shi Q, Zhang Z. The eradication rate of H. pylori with moxifloxacin-based therapy versus standard therapy. J XINGJIANG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2007 Dec; 30 (12):141.
29 Kang JM, Kim N, Lee DH, Park YS, Kim YR, Kim JS, Jung HC, Song IS. Second-Line Treatment for Helicobacter pyloriInfection:10-day Moxifloxacin-Based Triple Therapy versus 2-week Quadruple Therapy. Helicobacter.2007 Dec; 12 (6):623-8.
30 Gupta VK, Dhar A, Srinivasan S, Rattan A, Sharma MP. Eradication of H, pylori in a developing country:comparison of lansoprazole versus omeprazole with norfloxacin, in a dual therapy study. Am J Gastroenterol.1997 Jul; 92 (7):1140-2.
31 Ahuja V, Dhar A, Bal C, Sharma MP. Lansoprazole and secnidazole with clarithromycin, amoxycillin or pefloxacin in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in a developing country. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998 Jun;12 (6):551-5.
32 Saad RJ, Schoenfeld P, Kim HM, Chey WD. Levofloxacin-Based Triple Therapy versus Bismuth-BasedQuadruple Therapy for Persistent Helicobacter pyloriInfection:A Meta-Analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2006 Mar; 101 (3):488-496.
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34 DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1986;7:177-88.
35 Kilic ZM, Koksal AS, Cakal B, Nadir I, Ozin YO, Kuran S, Sahin B. Moxifloxacine plus amoxicillin and ranitidine bismuth citrate or esomeprazole triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection. Dig Dis Sci 2008 Dec;53(12):3133-7.
36 Hurduc V, Plesca D, Dragomir D, Sajin M, Vandenplas Y. A randomized, open trial evaluating the effect of Saccharomyces boulardii on the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Acta Paediatr 2008 Aug 4.
37 Ching SS, Sabanathan S, Jenkinson LR. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori in surgical practice:a randomised trial of triple versus quadruple therapy in a rural district general hospital. World J Gastroenterol.2008 Jun28;14(24):3855-60.
38 Chiba N. Omeprazole and clarithromycin with and without metronidazole for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Am J Gastroenterol.1996 Oct;91 (10):2139-43.
39 Von Keutz E, Schluter G. Preclinical safety evaluation of moxifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999 May;43 Suppl B:91-100.
40 Nightingale CH. Moxifloxacin, a new antibiotic designed to treat community-acquired respiratory tract infections:a review of microbiologic and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic characteristics. Pharmacotherapy 2000 Mar;20(3):245-56.
41 Blondeau JM, Laskowiski R, Bjarnason J. Comparative in vitro activity of gatifloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin against 4151 Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2000; 14:45-50.
42 Megraud F. Basis for the management of drug-resistant Helicobacter pylori infection. Drugs 2004;64(17):1893-904.
1. Proceedings of the American Digestive Health Foundation International Update Conference on Helicobacter pylori. McLean, Virginia, USA, February 13-16,1997. Gastroenterology 1997;113(6 Suppl):S1-169.
2. Peterson WL, Fendrick AM, Cave DR, Peura DA, Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Laine L. Helicobacter pylori-related disease:guidelines for testing and treatment. Arch Intern Med 2000;160(9):1285-91.
3. Parsonnet J, Hansen S, Rodriguez L, Gelb AB, Warnke RA, Jellum E, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric lymphoma. NEngl J Med 1994;330(18):1267-71.
4. Suerbaum S, Michetti P. Helicobacter pylori infection. N Engl J Med 2002;347(15):1175-86.
5. Uemura N, Okamoto S, Yamamoto S, Matsumura N, Yamaguchi S, Yamakido M, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer. N Engl J Med 2001;345(11):784-9.
6. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain C, Bazzoli F, El-Omar E, Graham D, et al. Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection:the Maastricht Ⅲ Consensus Report. Gut 2007;56(6):772-81.
7. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain C, Hungin AP, Jones R, Axon A, et al. Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection--the Maastricht 2-2000 Consensus Report. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002;16(2):167-80.
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9. Houben MH, van de Beek D, Hensen EF, Craen AJ, Rauws EA, Tytgat GN. A systematic review of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy--the impact of antimicrobial resistance on eradication rates. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13(8):1047-55.
10. Graham DY. Antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori:implications for therapy. Gastroenterology 1998;115(5):1272-7.
11. Megraud F. H pylori antibiotic resistance:prevalence, importance, and advances in testing. Gut 2004;53(9):1374-84.
12. Megraud F, Doermann HP. Clinical relevance of resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori:a review of current data. Gut 1998;43 SuppI 1:S61-5.
13. Ducons JA, Santolaria S, Guirao R, Ferrero M, Montoro M, Gomollon F. Impact of clarithromycin resistance on the effectiveness of a regimen for Helicobacter pylori:a prospective study of 1-week lansoprazole, amoxycillin and clarithromycin in active peptic ulcer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13(6):775-80.
14. Pilotto A, Rassu M, Leandro G, Franceschi M, Di Mario F. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics in Northeast Italy:a multicentre study. GISU. Interdisciplinary Group for the Study of Ulcer. Dig Liver Dis 2000;32(9):763-8.
15. Meyer JM, Silliman NP, Wang W, Siepman NY, Sugg JE, Morris D, et al. Risk factors for Helicobacter pylori resistance in the United States:the surveillance of H. pylori antimicrobial resistance partnership (SHARP) study,1993-1999. Ann Intern Med 2002;136(1):13-24.
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17. Tankovic J, Lascols C, Sculo Q, Petit JC, Soussy CJ. Single and double mutations in gyrA but not in gyrB are associated with low-and high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Helicobacter pylori. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47(12):3942-4.
18. Debets-Ossenkopp YJ, Herscheid AJ, Pot RG, Kuipers EJ, Kusters JG, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxycillin, tetracycline and trovafloxacin in The Netherlands. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999;43(4):511-5.
19. Boyanova L, Mentis A, Gubina M, Rozynek E, Gosciniak G, Kalenic S, et al. The status of antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori in eastern Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect 2002;8(7):388-96.
20. Cabrita J, Oleastro M, Matos R, Manhente A, Cabral J, Barros R, et al. Features and trends in Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Lisbon area, Portugal (1990-1999). J Antimicrob Chemother 2000;46(6):1029-31.
21. Bago P, Vcev A, Tomic M, Rozankovic M, Marusic M, Bago J. High eradication rate of H. pylori with moxifloxacin-based treatment:a randomized controlled trial. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2007;119(11-12):372-8.
22. Cammarota G, Cianci R, Cannizzaro O, Cuoco L, Pirozzi G, Gasbarrini A, et al. Efficacy of two one-week rabeprazole/levofloxacin-based triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000;14(10):1339-43.
23. Cheon JH, Kim N, Lee DH, Kim JM, Kim JS, Jung HC, et al. Efficacy of moxifloxacin-based triple therapy as second-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2006;11(1):46-51.
24. Di Caro S, Ojetti V, Zocco MA, Cremonini F, Bartolozzi F, Candelli M, et al. Mono, dual and triple moxifloxacin-based therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002;16(3):527-32.
25. Di Caro S, Zocco MA, Cremonini F, Candelli M, Nista EC, Bartolozzi F, et al. Levofloxacin based regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;14(12):1309-12.
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27. Liu Z, Shang X, Shi Q, Zhang Z. The eradication rate of H pylori with moxifloxacin-based therapy versus standard therapy. J XINGJIANG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY2007 Dec;30(12):141.
28. Nista EC, Candelli M, Zocco MA, Cazzato IA, Cremonini F, Ojetti V, et al. Moxifloxacin-based strategies for first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;21(10):1241-7.
29. Sharara AI, Chaar HF, Racoubian E, Moukhachen O, Barada KA, Mourad FH, et al. Efficacy of two rabeprazole/gatifloxacin-based triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2004;9(3):255-61.
30. Ahuja V, Dhar A, Bal C, Sharma MP. Lansoprazole and secnidazole with clarithromycin, amoxycillin or pefloxacin in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in a developing country. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998;12(6):551-5.
31. Gupta VK, Dhar A, Srinivasan S, Rattan A, Sharma MP. Eradication of H. pylori in a developing country:comparison of lansoprazole versus omeprazole with norfloxacin, in a dual-therapy study. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92(7):1140-2.
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