突出煤层走向长壁工作面卸压区研究
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摘要
近年来,随着矿井开采深度的增加和开采强度的增大,我国回采工作面的煤与瓦斯突出日益严重。目前针对回采工作面煤与瓦斯突出方面的研究还相对偏少,需要进一步完善。为了解决这一现状,本文选择天府矿区三汇一矿K1突出煤层2124走向长壁工作面,采用理论分析、现场监测及数值模拟试验相结合的方法,分析了煤壁前方支承压力的分布规律、卸压区内煤体的稳定性、卸压区安全宽度及实测宽度,并提出了工作面煤与瓦斯突出防治措施,其研究成果对该工作面突出防治工作具有指导作用,对相似条件下回采工作面的突出防治也具有示范作用。本文取得了以下主要研究成果:
(1)根据极限平衡理论建立起走向长壁工作面前方极限平衡区内煤体支承应力分布函数,分析了含瓦斯情况下卸压区内煤体的稳定性并得到其安全宽度的理论公式,并结合三汇一矿2124长壁工作面煤层围岩参数得出了该工作面卸压区安全宽度;
(2)现场观测走向长壁工作面两巷矿山压力、工作面每循环钻屑量S0、钻屑解吸指标K1值,分析工作面超前支承压力分布规律,得出施工钻孔后卸压区的实测宽度。
(3)根据弹塑性非线性有限元理论,采用ANSYS软件对走向长壁工作面矿山压力规律进行模拟,得到了未施工钻场和施工钻场两种情况下工作面矿山压力的分布规律及卸压区的宽度并用于验证理论值和现场实测值。
(4)针对走向长壁工作面煤与瓦斯机理,提出了超前钻孔、长钻孔控制预裂爆破两种防突措施,用于工作面煤与瓦斯突出防治工作。
In the recent years, coal and gas outbursts become increasingly serious at the working face in our country. Study on coal and gas outburst to working face still less and remain to perfect further. In order to solve the actual problem, the distribution law of abutment pressure in front of coal wall, the stability in distressed zone, the length of distressed zone that prevent the outburst, the measured length of distressed zone, which have been researched by the methods of theoretical analysis, field measurement, experimental research and numerical simulation to 2124 longwall face along strike of Sanhui No.1 mine in this paper. The conclusions can be a reference to prevent the coal and gas outbursts in 2124 face and be a demonstration to other faces with similar conditions. The main conclusions in this paper are as follows:
(1) According to limit equilibrium theory, the distribution function of bearing stress in limit equilibrium zone which located in the front of longwall face along strike has been build and the stability of coal in limit equilibrium zone has been analyzed. The safety width of the distressed zone also has been obtained and applied to 2124 face with parameters of adjoining rock.
(2) The pillar load in two-roadway, the value of drilling cutting and desorption index for drill cuttings in the front of face has been measured in field. The distribution raw of bearing stress in front of 2124 face has been analyzed and the measured length of distressed zone has been gotten.
(3) Based on elastic-plastic theory and nonlinear finite element theory, ground pressure in longwall face along strike has been simulated with ANSYS. The distribution raw of ground pressure and the length of the distressed zone under the two situations of without drilling field and drilling field has been obtained and been used to verify the results of theoretical analysis and field measurement.
(4) Considering the mechanism of coal and gas outburst in longwall face along strike, advancing hole and long drilling controlled and presplitting blasting were proposed to provent coal and gas outbursts in working face.
(1)根据极限平衡理论建立起走向长壁工作面前方极限平衡区内煤体支承应力分布函数,分析了含瓦斯情况下卸压区内煤体的稳定性并得到其安全宽度的理论公式,并结合三汇一矿2124长壁工作面煤层围岩参数得出了该工作面卸压区安全宽度;
(2)现场观测走向长壁工作面两巷矿山压力、工作面每循环钻屑量S0、钻屑解吸指标K1值,分析工作面超前支承压力分布规律,得出施工钻孔后卸压区的实测宽度。
(3)根据弹塑性非线性有限元理论,采用ANSYS软件对走向长壁工作面矿山压力规律进行模拟,得到了未施工钻场和施工钻场两种情况下工作面矿山压力的分布规律及卸压区的宽度并用于验证理论值和现场实测值。
(4)针对走向长壁工作面煤与瓦斯机理,提出了超前钻孔、长钻孔控制预裂爆破两种防突措施,用于工作面煤与瓦斯突出防治工作。
In the recent years, coal and gas outbursts become increasingly serious at the working face in our country. Study on coal and gas outburst to working face still less and remain to perfect further. In order to solve the actual problem, the distribution law of abutment pressure in front of coal wall, the stability in distressed zone, the length of distressed zone that prevent the outburst, the measured length of distressed zone, which have been researched by the methods of theoretical analysis, field measurement, experimental research and numerical simulation to 2124 longwall face along strike of Sanhui No.1 mine in this paper. The conclusions can be a reference to prevent the coal and gas outbursts in 2124 face and be a demonstration to other faces with similar conditions. The main conclusions in this paper are as follows:
(1) According to limit equilibrium theory, the distribution function of bearing stress in limit equilibrium zone which located in the front of longwall face along strike has been build and the stability of coal in limit equilibrium zone has been analyzed. The safety width of the distressed zone also has been obtained and applied to 2124 face with parameters of adjoining rock.
(2) The pillar load in two-roadway, the value of drilling cutting and desorption index for drill cuttings in the front of face has been measured in field. The distribution raw of bearing stress in front of 2124 face has been analyzed and the measured length of distressed zone has been gotten.
(3) Based on elastic-plastic theory and nonlinear finite element theory, ground pressure in longwall face along strike has been simulated with ANSYS. The distribution raw of ground pressure and the length of the distressed zone under the two situations of without drilling field and drilling field has been obtained and been used to verify the results of theoretical analysis and field measurement.
(4) Considering the mechanism of coal and gas outburst in longwall face along strike, advancing hole and long drilling controlled and presplitting blasting were proposed to provent coal and gas outbursts in working face.
引文
[1]胡殿明,林柏泉等.煤层瓦斯赋存规律及防治技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社, 2006.
[2] (苏)鲍里索夫.矿山压力原理与计算[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1992.
[3]林柏泉,周世宁,张仁贵.煤巷卸压带及其在煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测中的应用[J].中国矿业大学学报, 1993,22(4): 44-52.
[4]何学秋,王恩元,张仁贵.利用煤岩破坏电磁辐射特性测定煤岩卸压带的研究[J].煤矿安全, 1996(2):17-19.
[5]齐黎明,林柏泉,支晓伟.上山掘进时卸压区应力及防突长度分析[J].中国矿业大学学报, 2005,34(3):299-302.
[6]张九零,郭立稳.马家沟矿0521工作面卸压带的测定工作[J].中国矿业, 2006, 15(6):52-53.
[7]齐黎明,林柏泉,支晓伟.马家沟矿煤与瓦斯动力现象机理研究[J].中国安全科学学报, 2006,12(12):30-34.
[8] (苏)B.B霍多特.煤与瓦斯突出[M].北京:中国工业出版社, 1966.
[9]宋振骐,卢国志,夏洪春.一种计算采场支承压力分布的新算法[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,25(1):1-4.
[10]陈中辉,谢和平.综放采场支承压力分布的损伤力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2000,19(4):436-439
[11]史红,姜福兴.基于微地震监测的覆岩多层空间结构倾向支承压力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,6(1):3274-3279.
[12]李洪,代进.支承压力的弹性基础梁解算初探[J].矿山压力与顶板管理, 2005,1(2):4-6.
[13]李小军,蔡建德,宋根祥.工作面超前支承压力与瓦斯涌出关系研究[J].煤炭工程, 2008,10(5):37-39.
[14]谢广祥,王磊.工作面支承压力采厚效应解析[J].煤炭学报, 2008,4(4):361-363.
[15]梁纯,赵阳升,刘成丹.抚顺龙凤矿支承压力非线性数值分析[J]. 1985,6(3):104-110.
[16]董付科,万志军等人.综放工作面超前支承压力的数值模拟研究[J].煤炭开采新理论与新技术, 2006.
[17]鲁岩,樊胜强,邹喜正.工作面超前支承压力分布规律[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版), 2008,27(2):184-187.
[18]胡国伟,靳钟铭.基于FLAC3D模拟的大采高采场支承压力分布规律研究[J].山西煤炭, 2006,26(2):10-16.
[19] Diadkin Yu.D., Borisov A.A., Rock mechanics problems of underground excavations[J]. RockMechanics and Rock Engineering. 1974, 3: 1399-1410.
[20] Belikov A.K., Korshunov G.I., Protosenya A.G.. Determination of support pressure in coal faces of gas-bearing coal seams[J]. Soviet mining science. 1989, 24(5):399-405.
[21] Kiessner T. Gas outbursts in longwall mining in consideration of rock pressure and stress relief drilling[M]. Technische Hochschule Aachen (Germany, F.R.). Fakultaet fuer Bergbau, Huettenwesen und Geowissenschaften. 1987.
[22] Islam Md. Rafiqul Hayashi Daigoro, Kamruzzaman A.B.M. Finite element modeling of stress distributions and problems for multi-slice longwall mining in Bangladesh, with special reference to the Barapukuria coal mine[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2009, 78(2): 91-109.
[23]周世宁,林柏泉著.煤层瓦斯赋存与流动理论[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1990.
[24]吴家龙.弹性力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社. 2001,6.
[25]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].江苏徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.11.
[26]谢明荣,林东才.矿压测控技术[M].江苏徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1997, 6.
[27]刘国泉.关于应用钻屑量与钻屑瓦斯解吸指标判定突出危险性若干问题的讨论[J].煤矿安全. 1993, 2:35-40.
[28]程五一.突出预测指标钻屑倍率的动力分析[J].煤矿安全. 1994, 5:18-22.
[29]文光才,王先义.突出预测钻屑量指标的探讨[J].煤炭工程师.1998, 3:32-34.
[30]尹光志,李晓泉等.钻屑量与矿山压力及瓦斯压力关系现场试验研究[J].北京科技大学学报. 2010, 32(1):1-7.
[31]秦荣,计算结构非线性力学[M].西宁:广西科学技术出版社, 1999.
[32]任清文.非线形有限单元法[M].武汉:河海大学工程力学系, 2003.
[33]王仁,熊祝华,黄文彬.塑性力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社, 1998.
[34]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2002.
[35] Tadeusz Stolarski, Y.Nakasone, S. Yoshimoto. Engineering Analysis with ANSYS Software[M]. Butterworth-Heinema, 2007.
[36] Madenci, Ibrahim Guven. The Finite Element Method and Applications in Engineering Using ANSYS[M]. Springer, 2007.
[37]李权. ANSYS在土木工程中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社, 2002.
[38]王凯,郭灵强,俞启香等.综采工作面水力超前卸压防突数值模拟与试验研究[J].煤炭学报. 2007, 32(8):832-837.
[39] University of Alberta. ANSYS Tutorials[M]. ANSYS, Inc, 2001.
[40]谢文兵,陈晓祥,郑百生.采矿工程数值模拟研究与分析[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2005.
[41] Zhiyin Wang etc. Numerical simulation of the geomechanical processes in rock engineering[J]. international Journal of Rock and Mining Sciences. 37(2000):499-507.
[42]赵阳升.有限元法及其在采矿工程中的应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1993.
[43] Ryncarz. Tadeusz. Stress and strain distribution around a borehole drilled in a gas-bearing coal seam prone to sudden outbursts[J]. Archiwum Gornictwa, 1989, 34(1): 29-45.
[44] Weekes Philip G. Longwall mining on steep pitches, outburst control, machine control, and collection. Coal Min. 1976, 182(5):44-52.
[45] Guoming Cheng, Sijing Wang, Kan Huang, Fengguang Cai. Methane control for mechanised longwall top-coal caving mining face in high gas content mine[J]. Journal of the Mine Ventilation Society of South Africa, 2003, 56(2).42-65.
[46] Kurihara, Kazuo, Abe, Shigeo, Ishigaki, Miyoshi, Nakamura, Shoji, Kikuchi, Akira, Inaba, Chiyota. Outburst of coal and gas at longwall face[J]. Nippon Kogyo Kaishi Journal of the Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1973, 1024 (89): 373-380.
[47] Gil Henryk, Swidzinski Adam. Source: New Gas and Rock Burst Prediction Method at the Stage of Current Prediction[J]. Przeglad Gorniczy, 1981, 37(12):574-585.
[48]马丕梁,陈东科.煤矿瓦斯灾害防治技术手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2007.
[2] (苏)鲍里索夫.矿山压力原理与计算[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1992.
[3]林柏泉,周世宁,张仁贵.煤巷卸压带及其在煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测中的应用[J].中国矿业大学学报, 1993,22(4): 44-52.
[4]何学秋,王恩元,张仁贵.利用煤岩破坏电磁辐射特性测定煤岩卸压带的研究[J].煤矿安全, 1996(2):17-19.
[5]齐黎明,林柏泉,支晓伟.上山掘进时卸压区应力及防突长度分析[J].中国矿业大学学报, 2005,34(3):299-302.
[6]张九零,郭立稳.马家沟矿0521工作面卸压带的测定工作[J].中国矿业, 2006, 15(6):52-53.
[7]齐黎明,林柏泉,支晓伟.马家沟矿煤与瓦斯动力现象机理研究[J].中国安全科学学报, 2006,12(12):30-34.
[8] (苏)B.B霍多特.煤与瓦斯突出[M].北京:中国工业出版社, 1966.
[9]宋振骐,卢国志,夏洪春.一种计算采场支承压力分布的新算法[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,25(1):1-4.
[10]陈中辉,谢和平.综放采场支承压力分布的损伤力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2000,19(4):436-439
[11]史红,姜福兴.基于微地震监测的覆岩多层空间结构倾向支承压力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,6(1):3274-3279.
[12]李洪,代进.支承压力的弹性基础梁解算初探[J].矿山压力与顶板管理, 2005,1(2):4-6.
[13]李小军,蔡建德,宋根祥.工作面超前支承压力与瓦斯涌出关系研究[J].煤炭工程, 2008,10(5):37-39.
[14]谢广祥,王磊.工作面支承压力采厚效应解析[J].煤炭学报, 2008,4(4):361-363.
[15]梁纯,赵阳升,刘成丹.抚顺龙凤矿支承压力非线性数值分析[J]. 1985,6(3):104-110.
[16]董付科,万志军等人.综放工作面超前支承压力的数值模拟研究[J].煤炭开采新理论与新技术, 2006.
[17]鲁岩,樊胜强,邹喜正.工作面超前支承压力分布规律[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版), 2008,27(2):184-187.
[18]胡国伟,靳钟铭.基于FLAC3D模拟的大采高采场支承压力分布规律研究[J].山西煤炭, 2006,26(2):10-16.
[19] Diadkin Yu.D., Borisov A.A., Rock mechanics problems of underground excavations[J]. RockMechanics and Rock Engineering. 1974, 3: 1399-1410.
[20] Belikov A.K., Korshunov G.I., Protosenya A.G.. Determination of support pressure in coal faces of gas-bearing coal seams[J]. Soviet mining science. 1989, 24(5):399-405.
[21] Kiessner T. Gas outbursts in longwall mining in consideration of rock pressure and stress relief drilling[M]. Technische Hochschule Aachen (Germany, F.R.). Fakultaet fuer Bergbau, Huettenwesen und Geowissenschaften. 1987.
[22] Islam Md. Rafiqul Hayashi Daigoro, Kamruzzaman A.B.M. Finite element modeling of stress distributions and problems for multi-slice longwall mining in Bangladesh, with special reference to the Barapukuria coal mine[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2009, 78(2): 91-109.
[23]周世宁,林柏泉著.煤层瓦斯赋存与流动理论[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1990.
[24]吴家龙.弹性力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社. 2001,6.
[25]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].江苏徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.11.
[26]谢明荣,林东才.矿压测控技术[M].江苏徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1997, 6.
[27]刘国泉.关于应用钻屑量与钻屑瓦斯解吸指标判定突出危险性若干问题的讨论[J].煤矿安全. 1993, 2:35-40.
[28]程五一.突出预测指标钻屑倍率的动力分析[J].煤矿安全. 1994, 5:18-22.
[29]文光才,王先义.突出预测钻屑量指标的探讨[J].煤炭工程师.1998, 3:32-34.
[30]尹光志,李晓泉等.钻屑量与矿山压力及瓦斯压力关系现场试验研究[J].北京科技大学学报. 2010, 32(1):1-7.
[31]秦荣,计算结构非线性力学[M].西宁:广西科学技术出版社, 1999.
[32]任清文.非线形有限单元法[M].武汉:河海大学工程力学系, 2003.
[33]王仁,熊祝华,黄文彬.塑性力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社, 1998.
[34]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2002.
[35] Tadeusz Stolarski, Y.Nakasone, S. Yoshimoto. Engineering Analysis with ANSYS Software[M]. Butterworth-Heinema, 2007.
[36] Madenci, Ibrahim Guven. The Finite Element Method and Applications in Engineering Using ANSYS[M]. Springer, 2007.
[37]李权. ANSYS在土木工程中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社, 2002.
[38]王凯,郭灵强,俞启香等.综采工作面水力超前卸压防突数值模拟与试验研究[J].煤炭学报. 2007, 32(8):832-837.
[39] University of Alberta. ANSYS Tutorials[M]. ANSYS, Inc, 2001.
[40]谢文兵,陈晓祥,郑百生.采矿工程数值模拟研究与分析[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2005.
[41] Zhiyin Wang etc. Numerical simulation of the geomechanical processes in rock engineering[J]. international Journal of Rock and Mining Sciences. 37(2000):499-507.
[42]赵阳升.有限元法及其在采矿工程中的应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1993.
[43] Ryncarz. Tadeusz. Stress and strain distribution around a borehole drilled in a gas-bearing coal seam prone to sudden outbursts[J]. Archiwum Gornictwa, 1989, 34(1): 29-45.
[44] Weekes Philip G. Longwall mining on steep pitches, outburst control, machine control, and collection. Coal Min. 1976, 182(5):44-52.
[45] Guoming Cheng, Sijing Wang, Kan Huang, Fengguang Cai. Methane control for mechanised longwall top-coal caving mining face in high gas content mine[J]. Journal of the Mine Ventilation Society of South Africa, 2003, 56(2).42-65.
[46] Kurihara, Kazuo, Abe, Shigeo, Ishigaki, Miyoshi, Nakamura, Shoji, Kikuchi, Akira, Inaba, Chiyota. Outburst of coal and gas at longwall face[J]. Nippon Kogyo Kaishi Journal of the Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1973, 1024 (89): 373-380.
[47] Gil Henryk, Swidzinski Adam. Source: New Gas and Rock Burst Prediction Method at the Stage of Current Prediction[J]. Przeglad Gorniczy, 1981, 37(12):574-585.
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