外资R&D投资的挤入挤出效应分析
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摘要
随着世界经济一体化的进程,越来越多的外资企业在中国设立R&D机构,进行R&D投资。这样的行为究竟是刺激了内资企业自主创新的能力,还是使得本国企业过分依赖外国技术,在国际分工中处于不利的地位,这在学术界一直是一个有争议的问题。有的学者认为,外资企业的R&D投资弥补了我国研究与开发的资金缺口,并且当内外资公司在同一市场竞争时,内资公司为了在竞争中不处于劣势,必然增加研发经费,提高自身的技术水平。也有学者认为,外资公司强大的研发实力会强化其竞争优势,甚至形成垄断优势,内资企业在这样的压力下将处于生存困境,无暇进行R&D投资,因此外资R&D的进入会削弱本土企业的研发能力。
本文以外资企业R&D投资的挤出挤入效应分析为题,针对外资R&D投资能否促进内资企业相关投资这一问题,展开详细的理论和实证研究。
全文共分六章:第一章,简述本文写作的背景,分析论文研究的理论和实践意义,并突出了研究的重点和主要创新之处;第二章,介绍企业R&D投资和R&D国际化的内涵,回顾现有研究成果和R&D投资挤出挤入效应的理论背景;第三章,对近年来在华外资R&D投资情况做一个清晰的描述,并对其进一步的发展态势进行简要的分析;第四章,在理论分析和阐述客观事实的基础上,提出本文所采用的理论分析框架,并用计量方法分析外资R&D投资对内资R&D投资的作用效应,发现从全行业看,外资R&D投资产生了挤入效应,而从部分外资R&D投资强度较大的行业看,则产生了挤出效应;第五章,在理论分析和实证研究的基础上,提出了外资R&D投资对我国的影响及我国应采取的相关对策建议;第六章,总结本文的主要结论。
本文收集了1998-2005年23个主要工业行业R&D投资的板面数据,通过回归分析考察了外资企业R&D投资对中国本土企业相关投资的影响。得出如下结论:1)外资R&D投资的进入总的来说是有正面作用,从对23个行业的分析看,外资R&D投资对内资企业的相关投资产生了比较明显的挤入效应,由于外资R&D投资的存在,促使内资企业有了更大的R&D投入;2)就部分行业来说,外资R&D投资对内资企业的相关投资产生了挤出效应,这部分行业的外资R&D投资强度较大,导致内资企业在与其竞争中处于劣势,进而削弱了内资企业的R&D投资意愿;3)外资R&D投资产生何种效应与外资企业的R&D投资强度密切相关,其投资强度越大,越容易产生挤出效应;4)我国应采取的对策建议:统一外资R&D投资政策、强化对关键性产业技术的战略保护、增强内外资R&D机构的互动、提升对高科技创新人才的集聚能力、鼓励本国企业设立海外R&D机构。
本文在广泛参阅各类文献的基础上深刻把握理论要点,综合概括了国内外相关理论;同时,立足于中国实际,使用图表分析、纵向与横向相结合的分析方法研究了在华外资R&D投资的主要特点;在实证研究中,本文对已有的Agosin和Mayer(2000)在新古典理论框架下构建的投资模型进行部分改进,引入了投资率(即投资额于当年GDP的比值)变量,运用Panel data方法对外资R&D投资的挤出挤入效应进行了检验。
With the integration of world economy, more and more foreign companies set R&D institutions in China, carrying through R&D investment. It is a disputed issue that such behavior activates the innovative capability of domestic companies, or makes domestic companies depending on foreign technology. Some scholars consider that foreign R&D investment fetches up the gap of our own R&D funds. And if the domestic companies don’t want to be the inferior position, they have to increase the R&D investment, when competing with the foreign companies. Some else consider that the strong R&D capabilities of foreign companies will strengthen their competition dominance, even making it monopolization dominance. The domestic companies will be in survival rattrap under this pressure. So the entering of foreign R&D will weaken the R&D capabilities of domestic companies.
This paper is named after“Study on Crowd-in or Crowd-out Effect of Foreign R&D Investment”, aiming at whether the foreign R&D investment can promote the domestic relative investment.
This paper is divided into six chapters as follows: chapter one introduces the background and the aim of the research, summarizing the emphases, innovation and the content of the paper; chapter two introduces the meaning of R&D investment and R&D internationalization, reviewing the present researches and the theoretical background of R&D investment crowd-out (in) effect; chapter three describes the present situation of foreign R&D investment in China, and makes a brief analysis for its farther posture; chapter four puts forward the theoretical frame of this paper based on the theoretical analysis and the impersonality, and studies the effects of foreign R&D investment by using the modern econometric analyzing methods, which confirms that there is crowd-in effect among the whole industries while crowd-out effect among some high investment intensity industries; chapter five summarizes the influence of foreign R&D investment, and gives some suggestions; chapter six summarizes the conclusions of the research.
In this paper, the author researches how the foreign R&D investment affects the domestic correlation investment by the regression analysis of the panel data, which contain the investment data of 23 primary industries from 1997 to 2005. on the basis of the above research, this paper draws main conclusions as follows: 1) It can be seen that among the whole industries, the foreign R&D investment has promotion functions on domestic correlation investment. Because of the foreign R&D investment, the domestic companies invest more; 2) Through the regression analysis of 10 industries, whose foreign R&D investment is much bigger, it can be seen that the foreign R&D investment restrains the domestic correlation investment. As the domestic companies are at inferior position, their desire of investment is lower; 3) The effects of foreign R&D investment nearly correlate with the foreign R&D investment intensity. The higher the intensity is, the more crowd-out effect is. 4) To maximize the crowd-in effect, this paper makes some suggestions: Unify the policies of foreign R&D investment. Strengthen the protection of key industrial technology. Increase the intercommunion of foreign and domestic R&D institutions. Promote the convergence capability of high-tech persons. Encourage the domestic companies setting R&D institutions abroad.
This paper summarizes theories about R&D investment crowd-out (in) effect through referring to many literatures, and analyzes the present situation of foreign R&D investment by using the contrast method of graph and table. In the empirical study, this paper expands and modifies the existing Agosin and Mayer (2000) model through including the penetration rate of investment, and testifies the crowd-out (in) effect of foreign R&D investment by using econometrical analysis such as panel data.
本文以外资企业R&D投资的挤出挤入效应分析为题,针对外资R&D投资能否促进内资企业相关投资这一问题,展开详细的理论和实证研究。
全文共分六章:第一章,简述本文写作的背景,分析论文研究的理论和实践意义,并突出了研究的重点和主要创新之处;第二章,介绍企业R&D投资和R&D国际化的内涵,回顾现有研究成果和R&D投资挤出挤入效应的理论背景;第三章,对近年来在华外资R&D投资情况做一个清晰的描述,并对其进一步的发展态势进行简要的分析;第四章,在理论分析和阐述客观事实的基础上,提出本文所采用的理论分析框架,并用计量方法分析外资R&D投资对内资R&D投资的作用效应,发现从全行业看,外资R&D投资产生了挤入效应,而从部分外资R&D投资强度较大的行业看,则产生了挤出效应;第五章,在理论分析和实证研究的基础上,提出了外资R&D投资对我国的影响及我国应采取的相关对策建议;第六章,总结本文的主要结论。
本文收集了1998-2005年23个主要工业行业R&D投资的板面数据,通过回归分析考察了外资企业R&D投资对中国本土企业相关投资的影响。得出如下结论:1)外资R&D投资的进入总的来说是有正面作用,从对23个行业的分析看,外资R&D投资对内资企业的相关投资产生了比较明显的挤入效应,由于外资R&D投资的存在,促使内资企业有了更大的R&D投入;2)就部分行业来说,外资R&D投资对内资企业的相关投资产生了挤出效应,这部分行业的外资R&D投资强度较大,导致内资企业在与其竞争中处于劣势,进而削弱了内资企业的R&D投资意愿;3)外资R&D投资产生何种效应与外资企业的R&D投资强度密切相关,其投资强度越大,越容易产生挤出效应;4)我国应采取的对策建议:统一外资R&D投资政策、强化对关键性产业技术的战略保护、增强内外资R&D机构的互动、提升对高科技创新人才的集聚能力、鼓励本国企业设立海外R&D机构。
本文在广泛参阅各类文献的基础上深刻把握理论要点,综合概括了国内外相关理论;同时,立足于中国实际,使用图表分析、纵向与横向相结合的分析方法研究了在华外资R&D投资的主要特点;在实证研究中,本文对已有的Agosin和Mayer(2000)在新古典理论框架下构建的投资模型进行部分改进,引入了投资率(即投资额于当年GDP的比值)变量,运用Panel data方法对外资R&D投资的挤出挤入效应进行了检验。
With the integration of world economy, more and more foreign companies set R&D institutions in China, carrying through R&D investment. It is a disputed issue that such behavior activates the innovative capability of domestic companies, or makes domestic companies depending on foreign technology. Some scholars consider that foreign R&D investment fetches up the gap of our own R&D funds. And if the domestic companies don’t want to be the inferior position, they have to increase the R&D investment, when competing with the foreign companies. Some else consider that the strong R&D capabilities of foreign companies will strengthen their competition dominance, even making it monopolization dominance. The domestic companies will be in survival rattrap under this pressure. So the entering of foreign R&D will weaken the R&D capabilities of domestic companies.
This paper is named after“Study on Crowd-in or Crowd-out Effect of Foreign R&D Investment”, aiming at whether the foreign R&D investment can promote the domestic relative investment.
This paper is divided into six chapters as follows: chapter one introduces the background and the aim of the research, summarizing the emphases, innovation and the content of the paper; chapter two introduces the meaning of R&D investment and R&D internationalization, reviewing the present researches and the theoretical background of R&D investment crowd-out (in) effect; chapter three describes the present situation of foreign R&D investment in China, and makes a brief analysis for its farther posture; chapter four puts forward the theoretical frame of this paper based on the theoretical analysis and the impersonality, and studies the effects of foreign R&D investment by using the modern econometric analyzing methods, which confirms that there is crowd-in effect among the whole industries while crowd-out effect among some high investment intensity industries; chapter five summarizes the influence of foreign R&D investment, and gives some suggestions; chapter six summarizes the conclusions of the research.
In this paper, the author researches how the foreign R&D investment affects the domestic correlation investment by the regression analysis of the panel data, which contain the investment data of 23 primary industries from 1997 to 2005. on the basis of the above research, this paper draws main conclusions as follows: 1) It can be seen that among the whole industries, the foreign R&D investment has promotion functions on domestic correlation investment. Because of the foreign R&D investment, the domestic companies invest more; 2) Through the regression analysis of 10 industries, whose foreign R&D investment is much bigger, it can be seen that the foreign R&D investment restrains the domestic correlation investment. As the domestic companies are at inferior position, their desire of investment is lower; 3) The effects of foreign R&D investment nearly correlate with the foreign R&D investment intensity. The higher the intensity is, the more crowd-out effect is. 4) To maximize the crowd-in effect, this paper makes some suggestions: Unify the policies of foreign R&D investment. Strengthen the protection of key industrial technology. Increase the intercommunion of foreign and domestic R&D institutions. Promote the convergence capability of high-tech persons. Encourage the domestic companies setting R&D institutions abroad.
This paper summarizes theories about R&D investment crowd-out (in) effect through referring to many literatures, and analyzes the present situation of foreign R&D investment by using the contrast method of graph and table. In the empirical study, this paper expands and modifies the existing Agosin and Mayer (2000) model through including the penetration rate of investment, and testifies the crowd-out (in) effect of foreign R&D investment by using econometrical analysis such as panel data.
引文
[1]陈浩义,王文彦.跨国公司R&D全球化及对我国的积极影响[J].山东工商学院学报,2005,(3):50-54.
[2]楚天骄.跨国公司在印度R&D投资的区域效应[J].亚太经济,2005,(4):42.
[3]郭晓虹,李小红.外商直接投资挤出效应的实证分析[J].商场现代化,2006,(12):294.
[4]胡峰.跨国公司在华并购中的技术外溢效应分析[J].社会科学辑刊,2003,(2):64-68.
[5]樊增强.跨国公司R&D全球化及在华技术战略转变[J].中国科技论坛,2004,(3):13-17.
[6]侯仕军,曹洪.跨国公司在华研发投资的效应及影响[J].国际经济合作,2004,(3):27-31.
[7]蒋殿春.跨国公司对我国研发能力的影响:一个模型分析[J].南开经济研究,2004,(4):62-66.
[8]马光明.广东省FDI与经济增长相关性检验及挤入挤出效应研究[J].特区经济,2006,(9):69-70.
[9]刘晨然.论跨国公司研发本土化的溢出效应和挤出效应[J].中国科技信息,2005,(16):76.
[10]刘辉群.跨国公司R&D投资对国家创新系统的影响[J].科技与经济,2006,(4):9-12.
[11]李钧.跨国公司R&D投资与我国技术创新能力的提高[J].世界经济研究,2006,(4):67.
[12]吕宁,程磊.跨国公司在华研发垄断问题分析[J].沿海企业与科技,2006,(1):39.
[13]刘芸,郑静.跨国公司在华研发投资的挤出效应分析[J].商场现代化,2006,(4):15.
[14]李竹宁.外商直接投资与上海经济增长相关性及其挤入挤出效应研究[J].上海应用技术学院学报,2003,(4):272-275.
[15]唐勇,温晓红. FDI对北京地区技术进步的影响[J].当代经济(下半月)2005,(7):44-46.
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[17]王俭.跨国公司R&D全球化的影响及对策[J].山东社会科学,2004,(2):50-52.
[18]外商投资研发机构研究课题组.外商投资研发机构特点及对我国自主创新影响的初步分析[C].中国经贸导刊,2006,(24):27-30.
[19]王新华.跨国公司在华R&D与我国企业技术进步[J].改革,2004,(2):65-69.
[20]吴湘频.跨国公司R&D全球化对我国的影响[J].中国科技信息,2005,(20):44.
[21]王志鹏.外商直接投资“挤入”还是“挤出”了国内投资[J].当代财经,2004,(8):94-99.
[22]徐磊.跨国公司在华研发对我国技术创新的经济效应[J].科技和产业,2006,(12):15-18.
[23]徐啸琼.跨国公司R&D全球化与安徽的对策研究[J].理论建设,2006,(4):34-36.
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[2]楚天骄.跨国公司在印度R&D投资的区域效应[J].亚太经济,2005,(4):42.
[3]郭晓虹,李小红.外商直接投资挤出效应的实证分析[J].商场现代化,2006,(12):294.
[4]胡峰.跨国公司在华并购中的技术外溢效应分析[J].社会科学辑刊,2003,(2):64-68.
[5]樊增强.跨国公司R&D全球化及在华技术战略转变[J].中国科技论坛,2004,(3):13-17.
[6]侯仕军,曹洪.跨国公司在华研发投资的效应及影响[J].国际经济合作,2004,(3):27-31.
[7]蒋殿春.跨国公司对我国研发能力的影响:一个模型分析[J].南开经济研究,2004,(4):62-66.
[8]马光明.广东省FDI与经济增长相关性检验及挤入挤出效应研究[J].特区经济,2006,(9):69-70.
[9]刘晨然.论跨国公司研发本土化的溢出效应和挤出效应[J].中国科技信息,2005,(16):76.
[10]刘辉群.跨国公司R&D投资对国家创新系统的影响[J].科技与经济,2006,(4):9-12.
[11]李钧.跨国公司R&D投资与我国技术创新能力的提高[J].世界经济研究,2006,(4):67.
[12]吕宁,程磊.跨国公司在华研发垄断问题分析[J].沿海企业与科技,2006,(1):39.
[13]刘芸,郑静.跨国公司在华研发投资的挤出效应分析[J].商场现代化,2006,(4):15.
[14]李竹宁.外商直接投资与上海经济增长相关性及其挤入挤出效应研究[J].上海应用技术学院学报,2003,(4):272-275.
[15]唐勇,温晓红. FDI对北京地区技术进步的影响[J].当代经济(下半月)2005,(7):44-46.
[16]王红领等. FDI与自主研发,基于行业数据的经验研究[J].经济研究,2006,(2):44.
[17]王俭.跨国公司R&D全球化的影响及对策[J].山东社会科学,2004,(2):50-52.
[18]外商投资研发机构研究课题组.外商投资研发机构特点及对我国自主创新影响的初步分析[C].中国经贸导刊,2006,(24):27-30.
[19]王新华.跨国公司在华R&D与我国企业技术进步[J].改革,2004,(2):65-69.
[20]吴湘频.跨国公司R&D全球化对我国的影响[J].中国科技信息,2005,(20):44.
[21]王志鹏.外商直接投资“挤入”还是“挤出”了国内投资[J].当代财经,2004,(8):94-99.
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