新型自供能电致变色材料和器件的探索及研发
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摘要
自供能电致变色器件一方面可以吸收太阳能并转化为电能,另一方面可以利用这部分电能驱动自身颜色改变。相较于传统的电致变色器件来说,这种新型的器件无需外加任何能源驱动,仅依靠太阳光提供的能量就能够实现颜色的转变,在营造出舒适、安全和美好环境的同时又能节约能源。目前国际上类似的研究主要集中在将无机电致变色材料和太阳能技术结合上,器件的变色速率较慢,不同状态下透过率对比度较低。在就读博士期间,本人探索了如何获得新型高性能自供能电致变色器件及材料,主要展开了以下工作：
首先,我们提出将高分子电致变色窗技术和染料敏化太阳能技术相结合,利用高分子电致变色材料和钉配位化合物染料,配合LiI/I2作为电解液,设计研发出一种新型自供能电致变色器件。这种器件在光照条件下,通过切换外电路所处的状态,无需外加任何能源就能够实现颜色的改变,变色速度快,在可见光区域对比度较高。除此之外器件在光照条件下还能够通过光电转换功能向外电路输出电能。
由于这种自供能电致变色器件使用了LiI/I2溶液作为电解液,其颜色较深,影响了器件在透明态的透过率。我们随后又设计并合成出数种基于有机物的氧化还原对,这些有机物的溶液颜色较浅,利用这些有机物制备的电解液替代LiI/I2溶液应用于自供能电致变色器件,能够有效的提高器件在透明状态下的透过率。
除了上述探索和设计新型结构的器件外,我们还倡议合成一种新的同时具有光电转换和电致变色双功能材料。我们设计并合成出一种新的三苯胺衍生物,将这种分子吸附在二氧化钛纳米颗粒上后表现出良好的电致变色性能和光电转换性能,基于这种材料的自供能电致变色器件还在设计研发之中。
为了增强高分子电致变色薄膜和基板间的作用力,提高器件的稳定性和工作寿命,我们利用2-膦酸噻吩和2-羧酸噻吩对高分子电致变色器件中的导电玻璃进行了修饰。修饰后的导电玻璃表面除了亲水性发生了优化和表面粗糙度略有下降以外,方电阻、透过率等性能均未显示明显变化。在修饰后的基板上电聚合得到的高分子电致变色薄膜表现出优异的机械稳定性和附着力,除此之外其电致变色性能也有提高。使用修饰后的导电玻璃制作的器件变色速度变快,循环寿命突破35万次(常规器件10万次左右)。
Self-powered electrochromic device represents a special kind of smart window, which can change transmittance using electrical energy that itself converted from solar energy. In this area, most researches are based on inorganic materials and solar cell technology, which lead to a slow switching speed and low contrast in different states. During my graduate study, I focus on how to achieve a novel self-powered electrochromic material and device. The main research wroks are as follows:
We first designed and fabricated a novel self-powered electrochromic window based on electrochromic polymer and ruthenium complex together with LiI/I2.The device can change its color by switching the state of the external circuit under illumination, without any external power. It shows fast switching speed and high contrast in the visible region.
As the electrolyte based on LiI/I2shows its natural deep brown color, which makes self-powered electrochromic device performing a low transmittance in bleached state. We synthesized several colorless organic redox couple electrolytes, and these electrolyte can improve the transmittance of self-powered electrochromic device in bleached state.
To achieve a kind of material which can realize dual functions of electrochromic and solar-energy conversion, we designed and synthesized a new molecule based on triphenylamine. The material performs the two functions as we expected while absorbed on titanium dioxide nano-particle. This material is a good candidate for designing and developing new self-powered electrochromic devices.
To improve the stability and life time of electrochromic device,2-thienyl phosphonic acid and2-thiophene carboxylic acid were used to modify ITO substrate. Optical and electrical properties of the modified substrates had little change compared with bare one. Furthermore, the modification greatly improves the stability and electrochromic response of the electrochromic films deposited on these modified substrates. Electrochromic device based on modified ITO performed fast color-changing speed and a good stability even after cycling for350,000times.
首先,我们提出将高分子电致变色窗技术和染料敏化太阳能技术相结合,利用高分子电致变色材料和钉配位化合物染料,配合LiI/I2作为电解液,设计研发出一种新型自供能电致变色器件。这种器件在光照条件下,通过切换外电路所处的状态,无需外加任何能源就能够实现颜色的改变,变色速度快,在可见光区域对比度较高。除此之外器件在光照条件下还能够通过光电转换功能向外电路输出电能。
由于这种自供能电致变色器件使用了LiI/I2溶液作为电解液,其颜色较深,影响了器件在透明态的透过率。我们随后又设计并合成出数种基于有机物的氧化还原对,这些有机物的溶液颜色较浅,利用这些有机物制备的电解液替代LiI/I2溶液应用于自供能电致变色器件,能够有效的提高器件在透明状态下的透过率。
除了上述探索和设计新型结构的器件外,我们还倡议合成一种新的同时具有光电转换和电致变色双功能材料。我们设计并合成出一种新的三苯胺衍生物,将这种分子吸附在二氧化钛纳米颗粒上后表现出良好的电致变色性能和光电转换性能,基于这种材料的自供能电致变色器件还在设计研发之中。
为了增强高分子电致变色薄膜和基板间的作用力,提高器件的稳定性和工作寿命,我们利用2-膦酸噻吩和2-羧酸噻吩对高分子电致变色器件中的导电玻璃进行了修饰。修饰后的导电玻璃表面除了亲水性发生了优化和表面粗糙度略有下降以外,方电阻、透过率等性能均未显示明显变化。在修饰后的基板上电聚合得到的高分子电致变色薄膜表现出优异的机械稳定性和附着力,除此之外其电致变色性能也有提高。使用修饰后的导电玻璃制作的器件变色速度变快,循环寿命突破35万次(常规器件10万次左右)。
Self-powered electrochromic device represents a special kind of smart window, which can change transmittance using electrical energy that itself converted from solar energy. In this area, most researches are based on inorganic materials and solar cell technology, which lead to a slow switching speed and low contrast in different states. During my graduate study, I focus on how to achieve a novel self-powered electrochromic material and device. The main research wroks are as follows:
We first designed and fabricated a novel self-powered electrochromic window based on electrochromic polymer and ruthenium complex together with LiI/I2.The device can change its color by switching the state of the external circuit under illumination, without any external power. It shows fast switching speed and high contrast in the visible region.
As the electrolyte based on LiI/I2shows its natural deep brown color, which makes self-powered electrochromic device performing a low transmittance in bleached state. We synthesized several colorless organic redox couple electrolytes, and these electrolyte can improve the transmittance of self-powered electrochromic device in bleached state.
To achieve a kind of material which can realize dual functions of electrochromic and solar-energy conversion, we designed and synthesized a new molecule based on triphenylamine. The material performs the two functions as we expected while absorbed on titanium dioxide nano-particle. This material is a good candidate for designing and developing new self-powered electrochromic devices.
To improve the stability and life time of electrochromic device,2-thienyl phosphonic acid and2-thiophene carboxylic acid were used to modify ITO substrate. Optical and electrical properties of the modified substrates had little change compared with bare one. Furthermore, the modification greatly improves the stability and electrochromic response of the electrochromic films deposited on these modified substrates. Electrochromic device based on modified ITO performed fast color-changing speed and a good stability even after cycling for350,000times.
引文
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