水稻抗稻瘟病基因rbr2的分离和抗白叶枯病基因Xa25（t）的精细定位
|
摘要
由稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)引起的稻瘟病和革兰氏阴性黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.Oryzae,Xoo)引起的白叶枯病是世界水稻生产中最为严重的病害之一,造成水稻产量的巨大损失。防治水稻病害的最经济有效的办法是培育抗病品种。目前在水稻中已经鉴定了60多个抗稻瘟病基因和30多个抗白叶枯病基因。
本研究通过对来自水稻品种明恢63的一个抗稻瘟病主效数量性状位点(QTL)rbr2的精细定位、序列测定和表达分析,证实这个主效抗病QTL基因是一个新的抗稻瘟病基因,它编码NBS(nucleotide-binding site)-LRR(leucine-rich repeat)类蛋白,是已经分离克隆的抗稻瘟病基因Pib的等位基因。这两个等位基因编码产物的主要差异存在于LRR结构域,它可能是造成二者介导的抗病反应的抗谱不同的主要原因。rbr2基因可以作为一个新抗源用于水稻抗性改良。
本研究对于明恢63中抗白叶枯病基因Xa25(t)的抗性进行了进一步鉴定,并进行了精细遗传定位。将Xa25(t)基因定位在第12号染色体的两个SSR标记RM511与RM28107之间,便于进行分子标记辅助选择育种工作,同时也为克隆该基因打下基础。
In the rice, Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae, and blast caused by Magnaporthe grisea, were the two most devastating diseases worldwide. These diseases reduces rice yield by 10%-40%. It is well known that breeding resistant varieties in rice is the most effective and economical method to control these diseases. Until now, more than 60 rice blast resistance genes and 30 rice bacterial blight resistance genes have been identified.
Here we show that the gene underlying the major quantitative trait locus (QTL), rbr2, for blast resistance in rice variety Minghui 63 is a new blast resistance gene by fining mapping, sequence analysis, and expression analysis of rbr2. The rbr2 encodes a nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-leucine-rich repeat (LRR) type protein and is an allele of blast resistance gene Pib. The amino acid differences of the predicted encoding products of rbr2 and Pib occur mainly in LRR domain, which may be the major cause that the resistance spectrums mediated by the two genes are different. The rbr2, as a new resistance gene, can be used in rice breeding programs.
Present study was focused, to further determine the resistance of Xa25(t), for bacteria blight resistance in rice variety Minghui 63 and to construct the fine genetic map for this particular gene. Xa25(t) is located beteen two SSR markers, RM511 and RM28107, on chromsome 12 of rice genome. This information can be further used in rice molecular-assisted selection breeding. Further this gene can be cloned to confirm the exact function of this gene in the rice plant system.
本研究通过对来自水稻品种明恢63的一个抗稻瘟病主效数量性状位点(QTL)rbr2的精细定位、序列测定和表达分析,证实这个主效抗病QTL基因是一个新的抗稻瘟病基因,它编码NBS(nucleotide-binding site)-LRR(leucine-rich repeat)类蛋白,是已经分离克隆的抗稻瘟病基因Pib的等位基因。这两个等位基因编码产物的主要差异存在于LRR结构域,它可能是造成二者介导的抗病反应的抗谱不同的主要原因。rbr2基因可以作为一个新抗源用于水稻抗性改良。
本研究对于明恢63中抗白叶枯病基因Xa25(t)的抗性进行了进一步鉴定,并进行了精细遗传定位。将Xa25(t)基因定位在第12号染色体的两个SSR标记RM511与RM28107之间,便于进行分子标记辅助选择育种工作,同时也为克隆该基因打下基础。
In the rice, Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae, and blast caused by Magnaporthe grisea, were the two most devastating diseases worldwide. These diseases reduces rice yield by 10%-40%. It is well known that breeding resistant varieties in rice is the most effective and economical method to control these diseases. Until now, more than 60 rice blast resistance genes and 30 rice bacterial blight resistance genes have been identified.
Here we show that the gene underlying the major quantitative trait locus (QTL), rbr2, for blast resistance in rice variety Minghui 63 is a new blast resistance gene by fining mapping, sequence analysis, and expression analysis of rbr2. The rbr2 encodes a nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-leucine-rich repeat (LRR) type protein and is an allele of blast resistance gene Pib. The amino acid differences of the predicted encoding products of rbr2 and Pib occur mainly in LRR domain, which may be the major cause that the resistance spectrums mediated by the two genes are different. The rbr2, as a new resistance gene, can be used in rice breeding programs.
Present study was focused, to further determine the resistance of Xa25(t), for bacteria blight resistance in rice variety Minghui 63 and to construct the fine genetic map for this particular gene. Xa25(t) is located beteen two SSR markers, RM511 and RM28107, on chromsome 12 of rice genome. This information can be further used in rice molecular-assisted selection breeding. Further this gene can be cloned to confirm the exact function of this gene in the rice plant system.
引文
1 曹立勇,占小登,庄杰云,程式华.利用分子标记辅助育种技术育成优质高产抗病杂交稻国稻1号.杂交水稻,2005,20:16-18
2 陈惠兰.我国南方稻区稻瘟病菌群体结构及水稻和大麦抗病QTL的比较作图.[博士学位论文].武汉:华中农业大学图书馆,2001
3 方宣钧.作物DNA标记辅助育种.北京,科学出版社,2001
4 高东迎,刘蔼民,周亦红,程艳军,向阳海,孙立华,翟文学.水稻抗白叶枯病基因Xa-25的分子定位.遗传学报,2005,32:183-188
5 葛小佳.籼稻组织培养体系的优化及水稻抗病相关基因22E6E114的功能鉴定.[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中农业大学图书馆,2005
6 金旭炜,王春连,杨清,江祺祥,樊颖伦,刘古春,赵开军.水稻抗白叶枯病近等基因系CBB30的培育及Xa30(t)的初步定位.中国农业科学,2007,40:1094-1110
7 李进波,夏明元,戚华雄,何光存,万丙良,查中萍.水稻抗褐飞虱基因Bph14和Bph15的分子标记辅助选择.中国农业科学,2006,39:2132-2137
8 林兴华,王春台,文国松,张端品,谢岳峰,张启发.广谱高抗水稻白叶枯病新基因的精细定位.遗传,1998,20(增刊):116
9 凌忠专,T.Mew,王久林,雷财林,黄宁.中国水稻近等基因系的育成及其稻瘟病菌生理小种鉴别能力.中国农业科学,2000,33:1-8
10 凌忠专,雷财林,王久林.稻瘟病菌生理小种的研究与回顾.中国农业科学,2004,37:1849-1859
11 刘士平,李信,汪朝阳,李香花,何予卿.基因聚合对水稻稻瘟病的抗性影响.分子植物育种.2003,1:22-26
12 罗彦长,王守海,李成荃,王德正,吴爽,杜士云.应用分子标记辅助选择培育抗稻白叶枯病光敏核不育系3418S.作物学报,2003,3:402-407
13 倪大虎,易成新,李莉,汪秀峰,张毅,赵开军,王春连,章琦,王文相,杨剑波.分子标记辅助培育水稻抗白叶枯病和稻瘟病三基因聚合系.作物学报,2008,34:100-105
14 彭应财,李文宏,樊叶扬,郑昀晔.利用分子标记辅助选择技术育成抗白叶枯病杂交稻协优218.杂交水稻,2003,18:5-7
15 谭光轩,任翔,翁清妹,时振英,祝莉莉,何光存.药用野生稻转育后代一个抗白叶枯病新基因的定位.遗传学报,2004,31:724-729
16 王春连,戚华雄,潘海军,李进波,樊颖伦,章琦,赵开军.水稻抗白叶枯病基因Xa23的EST标记及其在分子育种上的利用.中国农业科学,2005,38:1996-2001
17 郑康乐,钱惠荣,庄杰云,陆军,林鸿宣,G.Kochert.应用DNA标记定位水稻的抗稻瘟病基因.植物病理学报,1995,25:307-313
18 朱立煌,徐吉臣,陈英.用分子标记定位一个未知的抗稻瘟病基因.中国水稻科学,1994,24:1048-1052
19 Ahn S N,Kim Y K,Hong H C,Han S S,Kwon S J,Choi H C,Moon H P,McCouch S R.Molecular mapping of a new gene for resistance to rice blast(Pyricularia grisea Sacc.).Euphytica,2000,116:17-22
20 Altschul S F,Madden T L,Schaffer A A,Zhang J,Zhang Z,Miller W,Lipman D J.Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST:a new generation of protein database search programs.Nucleic Acids Res,1997,25:3389-3402
21 Anderson P A, Arroyogarcia R, Meyers B C, Michelmore R W. Molecular analysis of irradiation-induced and spontaneous deletion mutants at a disease resistance locus in Lactuca sativa. Mol Gen Genet, 1996, 251: 316-325
22 Anderson P A, Lawrence G J, Morrish B C, Ayliffe M A, Finnegan E J, Ellis J G. Inactivation of the flax rust resistance gene M associated with loss of a repeated unit within the leucine-rich repeat coding region. Plant Cell, 1997, 9: 641-651
23 Araki E, Yanoria M J T, Ebron L A, Mercado-Escueta D, Takai T, Fukuta Y. Mapping of a rice blast resistance gene Pish. Breed Res, 2003, 5 (Suppl. 2): 333
24 Barman S R, Gowda M, Venu R C and Chattoo B B. Identification of a major blast resistance gene in the rice cultivar Tetep'. Plant Breed, 2004,123: 300-302
25 Berruyer R, Adreit H, Milazzo J, Gaillard S, Berger A, Dioh W and Lebrun M H. Identification and fine mapping of Pi33, the rice resistance gene corresponding to the Magnaporthe grisea avirulence gene ACE1. Theor Appl Genet, 2003,107: 1139-1147
26 Botstein D, White R L, Skolnick M, Davis R W. Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet, 1980, 32: 314-331
27 Botella M A, Parkers J E, Frost L N, Bittner-Eddy P D, Beynon J L, Daniels M J, Holub E B, Jonas J D G. Three genes of the Arabidopsis Rppl complex resistance locus recognize distinct Peronospora parasitica avirulence determinants. Plant Cell, 1998, 10: 1847-1860
28 Brandwagt B F, Mesbah L A, Takken F L, Laurent P L, Kneppers T J, Hille J, Nijkamp H J. A longevity assurance gene homolog of tomato mediates resistance to Alternaria alternate f. sp. Lycopersici toxins and fumonisin B1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2000, 97: 4961-4966
29 Brueggeman R, Rostoks N, Kudrna D, Kilian A, Han F, Chen J, Druka A, Steffenson B, Kleinhofs A. Barley stem rust-resistance gene Rpg1 is a novel disease-resistance gene with homology to receptor kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2002, 99: 9328-9333
30 Bryan G T, Wu K S, Farrall L, Jia Y, Hershey H P, McAdams S A, Faulk K N, Donaldson G K, Tarchini R, Valent B. A single amino acid difference distinguishes resistant and susceptible alleles of the rice blast resistance gene Pi-ta. Plant Cell, 2000,12: 2033-2046
31 Burge C, Karlin S. Prediction of complete gene structures in human genomic DNA. J Mol Bio\, 1997, 268:78-94
32 Buschges R, Hollrichner K, Panstruga R, Simons G, Wolter M, Frijters A, van Daelen R, van der Lee T, Diergaarde P, Groenendijk J, Topsch S, Vos P, Salamini F, Schulze-Lefert P. The barely Mlo gene: A novel control element of plant pathogen resistance. Cell, 1997, 88: 695-705
33 Campbell M A, Chen D and Ronald P C. Development of co-dominant amplified polymorphic sequence markers in rice that flank the Magnaporthe grisea resistance gene Pi7(t) in recombinant inbred line 29. Phytopathology, 2004, 94: 302-307
34 Chauhan R, Furman M, Zhang H B and Leong S A. Genetic and physical mapping of a rice blast resistance locus, Pi-CO39(t), that corresponds to the avirulence gene AVR1-CO39 of Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Genet Genom, 2002, 267: 603-612
35 Chen D H, dela Vina M, Inukai T, Mackill D J, Ronald P C, Nelson R J. Molecular mapping of the blast resistance gene, Pi44(t), in a line derived from a durably resistant rice cultivar. Theor Appl Genet, 1999,98: 1046-1053
36 Chen H L, Chen B T, Zhang D P, Xie Y F, Zhang Q F. Pathotypes of Pyricularia grisea in rice fields of central and southern China. Plant Dis, 2001, 85: 843-850
37 Chen H L, Wang S P, Xing Y Z, Xu C G, Hayes P M, Zhang Q F. Comparative analyses of genomic locations and race specificities of loci for quantitative resistance to Pyricularia grisea in rice and barley . Proc NatlAcadSci USA, 2003, 100: 2544-2549
38 Chen H, Wang S, Zhang Q. New gene for bacterial blight resistance in rice located on chromosome 12 identified from Minghui 63, an elite restorer line. Phytopathology, 2002, 92: 750-754
39 Chen S, Lin X H, Xu C G, Zhang Q F. Improvement of bacterial blight resistance of 'Minghui 63', an elite restorer line of hybrid riceby molecular marker-assisted selection. Crop Sci, 2000, 40: 239-244
40 Chen X W, Li S G, Xu J C, Zhai W X, Ling Z Z, Ma B T, Wang Y P, Wang W M, Cao G, Ma Y Q, Shang J J, Zhao X F, Zhou K D, Zhu L H. Identification of two blast resistance genes in a rice variety, Digu. J phytopathol, 2004, 152: 77-85
41 Chen X W, Shang J J, Chen D X, Lei C L, Zou Y, Zhai W X, Liu G Z, Xu J C, Ling Z Z, Cao G, Ma B T, Wang Y P, Zhao X F, Li S G, Zhu L H. A B-lectin receptor kinase gene conferring rice blast resistance. Plant J, 2006, 46: 794-804
42 Chu Z, Yuan M, Yao J, Ge X, Yuan B, Xu C, Li X, Fu B, Li Z, Bennetzen J L, Zhang Q, Wang S. Promoter mutations of an essential gene for pollen development result in disease resistance in rice. Genes Dev, 2006, 20: 1250-1255
43 Collins N, Drake J, Ayliffe M, Sun Q, Ellis J, Hulbert S, Pryor T. Molecular characterization of the maize Rp1-D rust resistance haplotype and its mutants. Plant Cell, 1999, 11: 1365-1376
44 Deng Y, Zhu X, Shen Y, He Z. Genetic characterization and fine mapping of the blast resistance locus Pigm(t) tightly linked to Pi2 and Pi9 in a broad-spectrum resistant Chinese variety. Theor Appl Genet, 2006,113:705-713
45 Dixon M S, Jones D A, Keddie J S, Thomas C M, Harrison K, Jones J D G. The tomato cf-2 disease resistance locus comprises two functional genes encoding leucine-rich repeat proteins. Cell, 1996,84:451-459
46 Dodds P N, Lawrence G J, Catanzariti A M, Teh T, Wang C I, Ayliffe M A, Kobe B, Ellis J G. Direct protein interaction underlies gene-for-gene specificity and coevolution of the flax resistance genes and flax rust avirulence genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, 103: 8888-8893
47 Dodds P N, Lawrence G J, Ellis J G. Six. amino acid changes confined to the Leucine-rich repeat β-strand/β-turn motif determine the difference between the P and P2 rust resistance specificities in flax. Plant Cell, 2001a, 13: 163-178
48 Dodds P N, Lawrence G L, Ellis J G. Contrasting modes of evolution acting on the complex N locus for rust resistance in flax. Plant J, 2001b, 27: 439-452
49 Duprat A, Caranta C, Revers F, Menand B, Browning KS, Robaglia C. The Arabidopsis eukaryotic initiation factor (iso)4E is dispensable for plant growth but required for susceptibility to potyviruses. Plant J, 2002, 32: 927-934
50 Ellis J G, Lawrence G J, Finnegan E J, Anderson P A. Contrasting complexity of two rust resistance loci in flax. Proc Nat Acad Sci.USA, 1995,92: 4185-4188
51 Ellis J G, Lawrence G L, Luck J E, Dodds P N. Identification of regions in alleles of the flax rust resistance gene L that determine differences in gene-for-gene specificity. Plant Cell, 1999, 11: 495-506
52 Ellis J, Dodds P, Pryor T. Structure, function and evolution of plant disease resistance genes. Curr Opin Plant Bio, 2000, 3:278-384
53 Farman M L, Tosa Y, Nitta N, Leong S A. MAGGY, a retrotransposon in the genome of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Gen Genet, 1996, 251: 665-674
54 Finn R D, Mistry J, Schuster-Bockler B, Griffiths-Jones S, Hollich V, Lassmann T, Moxon S, Marshall M, Khanna A, Durbin R, Eddy S R, Sonnhammer E L and Bateman A. Pfam: clans, web tools and services. Nucleic Acids Res, 2006,34: D247-D251
55 Flor H H. Current status of the gene-for-gene concept. Annu Rev Phytopathol, 1971,9: 275-296
56 Fujii K, Hayano-Saito Y, Saito K, Sugiura N, Hayashi N, Tsuji T, Izawa T and Iwasaki M. Identification of a RFLP marker tightly linked to the panicle blast resistance gene, Pb1, in rice. Breed Sci, 2000, 50: 183-188
57 Fukuoka S, Okuno K. QTL analysis and mapping of pi21, a recessive gene for field resistance to rice blast in Japanese upland rice. Theor Appl Genet, 2001, 103: 185-190
58 Gao Z, Johansen E, Eyers S, Thomas CL, Noel Ellis TH, Maule AJ. The potyvirus recessive resistance gene, sbm1, identifies a novel role for translation initiation factor eEF4E in cell-to-cell trafficking. Plant J, 2004, 40: 376-385
59 Gowda M, Roy-Barman S, Chattoo B B. Molecular mapping of a novel blast resistance gene Pi38 in rice using SSLP and AFLP markers. Plant Breed, 2006, 125: 596-599
60 Gu K, Tian D, Yang F, Wu L, Sreekala C, Wang D, Wang G L, Yin Z. High-resolution genetic mapping of Xa27(t), a new bacterial blight resistance gene in rice, Oryza sativa L. Theor Appl Genet, 2004, 108:800-807
61 Gu K, Yang B, Tian D, Wu L, Wang D, Sreekala C, Yang F, Chu Z, Wang G L, White F F, Yin Z. R gene expression induced by a type-Ill effector triggers disease resistance in rice. Nature, 2005, 435: 1122-1125
62 Hamer J E, Howard R J, Chumley F J, Valent B. A mechanism for surface attachment in spores of a plant pathogenic fungus. Science, 1988, 239: 288-290
63 Hayashi K, Hashimoto N, Daigen M, Ashikawa I. Development of PCR-based SNP markers for rice blast resistance genes at the Piz locus. Theor Appl Genet, 2004, 108:1212-1220
64 Hayashi N, Ando L, Imbe T. Identification of a New Resistance Gene to a Japanese Rice Culrivar Aichi Asahi. Phytopathology, 1998, 88: 822-827
65 He Q, Li D, Zhu Y, Tan M, Zhang D, Lin X. Fine mapping of Xa2, a bacterial blight resistance gene in rice. Mol Breed, 2006,17: 1-6
66 Hittalmani S, Parco A, Mew T V, Zeigler R S, Huang N. Fine mapping and DNA marker-assisted pyramiding of the three major genes for blast resistance in rice. Theor Appl Genet, 2000, 100: 1121-1128
67 Howard R J, Valent B. Breaking and entering: host penetration by the fungal rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. Ann Rev Microbiol, 1996, 50: 491 -512
68 Imbe T, Oba S, Yanoria M J T, Tsunematsu H. A new gene for blast resistance in rice cultivar, IR24. Rice Genet Newsl, 1997, 14: 60-62
69 Inukai T, Nelson R J. Mapping for blast resistance gene Pi-3 derived from rice cultivar Pai-Kan-Tao. Rep Hokkaido Br Crop Sci Soc Japan Jap Soc Breed, 1994, 35: 54-55
70 Inukai T, Zeigler R S, Sarkarung S, Bronson M, Dung L V, Kinoshita T, Nelson R J. Development of pre-isogenic lines for rice blast-resistance by marker-aided selection from a recombinant inbred population. Theor Appl Genet, 1996, 93: 560-567
71 International Rice Genome Sequencing Project. The map-based sequence of the rice genome. Nature, 2005,436: 793-800
72 Iwata N. Report of the Committee on Gene Symbolization, Nomenclature and Linkage Groups I Registration of new gene symbols (New system). Rice Genet Newsl, 1996, 13: 12-18
73 Iyer A S, McCouch S R. The rice bacterial blight resistance gene xa5 encodes a novel form of disease resistance. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact, 2004, 17: 1348-1354
74 Jeon J S, Chen D, Yi G H, Wang G L, Ronald P C. Genetic and physical mapping of Pi5(t), a locus associated with broadspectrum resistance to rice blast. Mol Gen Genom, 2003, 269: 280-289
75 Jeung J U, Kim B R, Cho Y C, Han S S, Moon H P, Lee Y T, Jena K K. A novel gene, Pi40(t), linked to the DNA markers derived from NBS-LRR motifs confers broad spectrum of blast resistance in rice. Theor Appl Genet, 2007, 115: 1163-1177
76 Jia Y, Martin R. Identification of a New Locus, Ptr(t), Required for Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pi-tα-Mediated Resistance. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact, 2008, 21: 396-403
77 Jia Y, McAdams S A, Bryan G T, Hershey H P, Valent B. Direct interaction of resistance gene and avirulence gene products confers rice blast resistance. EMBO J, 2000,19: 4004-4014
78 Johal G S, Briggs S P. Reductase activity encoded by the HM1 disease resistance gene in maize. Science, 1992, 258: 985-987
79 Jones D A, Thomas C M, Hammond-Kosack K E, Balint-Kurti P J, Jones J D. Isolation of the tomato Cf-9 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum by transposon tagging. Science, 1994, 266: 789-793
80 Kaji R, Ogawa T, Nishimura M. RFLP mapping of a blast resistance gene, Pit, in rice. Breed Sci, 1997,47(Suppl. 1): 37
81 Khush G S, Angles E R. A new gene for resistance to race 6 of bacterial blight in rice, Oryzae satival L. Rice Genet Newsl, 1999, 16: 92-93
82 Kinoshita T, Inukai T, Toriyama K. Gene symbols for blast resistance newly revised. Rice Genet Newsl, 1994, 11: 16-18
83 Kobe B, Deisenhofer J. The leucine-rich repeat, a versatile binding motif. Trends Biochem Science, 1994, 19:415-421
84 Koga H, Nakayachi O. Morphological studies on attachment of spores of Magnaporthe grisea to the leaf surface of rice. J Gen Plant Pathol, 2004, 70: 11-15
85 Lahaye T. Illuminating the molecular basis of gene-for-gene resistance; Arabidopsis thaliana RRS1-R and its interaction with Ralstonia solanacearum popP2. Trends Plant Sci, 2004, 9: 1-4
86 Lawrence G J, Finnegan E J, Ayliffe M A, Ellis J G. The L6 gene for flax rust resistance is related to the Arabidopsis bacterial resistance gene RPS2 and the tobacco viral resistance gene N. Plant Cell, 1995,7: 1195-1206
87 Lee K S, Rasabandith S, Angeles E R, Khush G S. Inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight in 21 cultivars of rice. Phytopathology, 2003, 93: 147-152
88 Li L Y, Wang L, Jing J X, Li Z Q, Lin F, Huang L F, Pan Q H. The Pikm gene, conferring stable resistance to isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae, was finely mapped in a crossover-cold region on rice chromosome 11. Mol Breed, 2007, 20: 179-188
89 Li X, Qian Q, Fu Z, Wang Y, Xiong G, Zeng D, Wang X, Liu X, Teng S, Hiroshi F, Yuan M, Luo D, Han B, Li J. Control of tillering in rice. Nature, 2003, 422: 618-621
90 Lin F, Chen S, Que Z, Wang L, Liu X, Pan Q. The blast resistance gene Pi37 encodes an NBS-LRR protein and is a member of a resistance gene cluster on rice chromosome 1. Genetics, 2007a, 177: 1871-1880
91 Lin F, Liu Y, Wang L. Liu X, Pan Q. A high-resolution map of the rice blast resistance gene Pil5 constructed by sequence-ready markers. Plant Breeding, 2007b, 126: 287-290
92 Lincoln S, Daly M, Lander E. Constructing genetics maps with MAPMAKER/EXP 3.0. Whitehead Institute Technical Report. 3rd edn. Cambridge: Whitehead Institute, 1992
93 Liu B, Zhang S H, Zhu X Y, Yang Q Y, Wu S Z , Mei V, Mauleon R, Leach J, Mew T, Leung H. Candidate defense genes as predictors of quantitative blast resistance in rice. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact, 2004,17: 1146-1152
94 Liu X, Lin F, Wang L, Pang Q. The silico map-based cloning of Pi36, a rice CC-NBS-LRR gene which confers race specific resistance to the blast fungu. Genetics, 2007a, 176: 2541-2549
95 Liu X, Yang Q, Lin F, Hua L, Wang C, Wang L, Pan Q. Identification and fine mapping of Pi39(t), a major gene conferring the broad-spectrum resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. Mol Genet Genomics, 2007b, 278: 403-410
96 Lupas A, Van Dyke M, Stock J. Predicting Coled Coils from Protein Sequences. Science, 1991, 252:1162-1164
97 Mackill D J, Bonman J M. Inheritance of Blast Resistance in Near-Isogenic Lines of Rice. Phytopathology, 1992, 82: 746-749
98 Martin G B, Brommonschenkel S H, Chunwongse J, Frary A, Ganal M W, Spivey R, Wu T, Earle E D, Tanksley S D. Map-based cloning of a protein kinase gene conferring disease resistance in tomato. Science, 1993,262:1432-1436
99 McCouch S R, Kochert G, Yu Z H, Wang Z Y, Khush G S, Cofflllan W R, Tanksley S D. Molecular mapping of rice chromosomes. Theor Appl Genet, 1988, 76: 815-829
100 McCouch S R, Teytelman L, Xu Y, Lobos K B, Clare K, Walton M, Fu B, Maghirang R, Li Z, Xing Y, Zhang Q, Kono I, Yano M, Fjellstrom R, DeClerck G, Schneider D, Cartinhour S, Ware D, Stein L. Development and mapping of 2240 new SSR markers for rice (Oryza sativa L.) (supplement). DNA Res, 2002, 9: 257-279
101 Meyers B C, Chin D B, Shen K A, Sivaramakrishnan S, Lavelle D O, Zhang Z, Michelmore R W. The major resistance gene cluster in lettuce is highly duplicated and spans several megabases. Plant Cell, 1998a, 10: 1817-1832
102 Meyers B C, Shen K A, Rohani P, Gaut B S, Michelmore R W. Receptor-like genes in the major resistance locus of lettuce are subject to divergent selection. Plant Cell, 1998b, 10: 1833-1846
103 Money N P and Howard R J. Confirmation of a link between fungal pigmentation, turgor pressure, and pathogenicity using a new method o turgor measurement. Fungal Gent Biol, 1996, 20: 217-227
104 Nakai H, Kuwahara M, Saito M. Studies of an induced mutant resistant to multiple races of bacterial leaf blight. Rice Genet Newsl, 1988, 5: 101-103
105 Naqvi N I and Chattoo B B. Molecular genetic analysis and sequence characteried amplified region-assisted selection of blast resistance in rice. In: Rice Genetics III eds., Proceeding of the Third International Rice Genetics Symposium. Manila: IRRI, 1996, 570-576
106 Nguyen T T T, Koizumi S, La T N, Zenbayashi K S, Ashizawa T, Yasuda N, Imazaki I, Miyasaka A. Pi35(t), a new gene conferring partial resistance to leaf blast in the rice cultivar Hokkai 188. Theor Appl Genet, 2006, 113: 697-704
107 Noda T, Ohuchi A. A new pathogenic race of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae and nheritance of resistance to it. Ann Phytopalh Soc Jpn, 1989, 55: 201-207
108 Ogawa T. Methods and strategy for monitoring race distribution and identification of resistance genes to bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas compestris pv. oryzae) in rice. JARQ, 1993, 27: 71- 80
109 Ogawa T, Morinaka T, Fuiii K, Kiruma T. Inheritance of resistance of rice varieties Kogyoku and Java 14 to bacterial group V of Xanthomonas oryzae. Ann Phytopath Soc Jpn, 1978,44: 137-141
110 Ogawa T, Yamamoto T, Khush G S, Mew TW. Inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight in Sateng-A reinvestigation. Rice Genet Newsl, 1986, 3: 80-82
111 Ogawa T, Yamamoto T. Resistance gene of rice cultivar. Asominori to bacterial blight of rice. Jpn J Breed, 1989, 39( suppl 1): 196-197
112 Ou S H. Blast. In: Rice disease, 2nd edn. UK: The Cambrian News Ltd., 1985, 109-201
113 Pan Q H, Wang L, Ikehashi H, Tanisaka T. Identification of a new blast resistance gene in the indica cultivar Kasalath using Japaneses differential cultivars and isozyme markers. Phytopathology, 1996, 86: 1071-1075
114 Pan Q H, Wang L, Tanisaka T. A new blast resistance gene identified in the Indian native rice cultivar Aus373 through alelism and linkage tests. Plant Pathol, 1999, 48: 288-293
115 Pan Q H. Wang L, Ikehashi H, Yamagata H, Tanisaka T. Identification of two new genes conferring resistance to rice blast in Chinese native cultivar 'Maowangu'. Plant Breed, 1988, 117: 27-31
116 Parniske M, Jones J D G. Recombination between diverged clusters of the tomato Cf-9 plant disease resistance gene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1999, 96: 5850-5855
117 Peng K M, Zhang H B, Zhang Q F. A BAC library constructed to the rice cultivar "Minghui 63" for cloning genes of agronomic importance. Acta Bot Sinica, 1998,40: 1108-1114
118 Porter B W, Chittoor J M, Yano M, Sasaki T, White F F. Development and mapping of markers linked to the rice bacterial blight resistance gene Xa7. Crop Sci, 2003,43:1484-1492
119 Qu S, Liu G, Zhou B, Bellizzi M, Zeng L, Dai L, Han B, Wang G L. The broad- spectrum blast resistance gene Pi9 encodes a nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat protein and is a member of a multigene family in rice. Genetics, 2006,172: 1901-1914
120 Ren Z H, Gao J P, Li L G, Cai X L, Huang W, Chao D Y, Zhu M Z, Wang Z Y, Luan S, Lin H X. A rice quantitative trait locus for salt tolerance encodes a sodium transporter. Nat Genet, 2005, 37: 1141-1146
121 Ronald P C. The molecular basis of disease resistance in rice. Plant Mol Biol, 1997,35: 179-186
122 Rossman A Y, Howard R J, Valent B. Pyricularia grisea the correct name for the rice blast fungus. Mycologia, 1992, 82: 509-512
123 Rybka K, Miyamoto M, Ando I, Saito A, Kawasaki S. High resolution mapping of the indica-derived rice blast resistance genes II. Pi-ta2 and Pi-ta and a consideration of their origin. Mol Plant-Micro Interact, 1997, 10: 517-524
124 Saiki R K, Scharf S, Faloona F, Mullis K B, Horn G T, Erlich H A, Arnheim N. Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science, 1985, 230:1350-1354
125 Sallaud C, Lorieux M, Roumen E, Tharreau D, Berruyer R, Svestasrani P, Garsmeur O, Guesquiere A, Notteghem J L. Identification of five new blast resistant variety IR64 using a QTL mapping strategy. Theor Appl Genet, 2003, 106: 794-803
126 Sesma A, Osbourn A E. The rice blast pathogen undergoes developmental processes typical of root-infecting fungi. Nature, 2004, 431: 582-586
127 Sharma T R, Madhav M S, Singh B K, Shanker P, Jana T K, Dalai V, Pandit A, Singh A, Gaikwad K, Upreti H C, Singh N K. High-resolution mapping, cloning and molecular characterization of the Pi-k(h) gene of rice, which confers resistance to Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Genet Genomics, 2005,274: 569-578
128 Singh K, Vikal Y, Singh S, Leung H, Dhaliwal H S, Khush G S. Mapping of bacterial blight resistance gene xa8 using microsatellite markers. Rice Genet Newsl, 2002,19:94-97
129 Song W Y, Pi L Y, Wang G L, Gardner J, Holsten T, Ronald P C. Evolution of the Xall disease resistance gene family. Plant Cell, 1997,9:1279-1287
130 Song W Y, Wang G L, Chen L L, Kim H S, Pi L Y, Holsten T, Gardner J, Wang B, Zhai W X, Zhu L H, Fauquet C, Ronald P. A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by rice disease resistance gene Xa21. Science, 1995,270: 1804-1806
131 Song X J, Huang W, Shi M, Zhu M Z, Lin H X. A QTL for rice grain width and weight encodes a previously unknown RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. Nat Genet, 2007, 39: 623-630
132 Sudupak M A, Bennetzen J L, Hulbert S H. Unequal exchange and meiotic instability of disease-resistance genes in the Rp1 region of maize. Genetics, 1993, 133:119-125
133 Sun X, Cao Y, Yang Z, Xu C, Li X, Wang S, Zhang Q. Xa26, a gene conferring resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryiae in rice, encodes an LRR receptor kinase-like protein. Plant J, 2004,37:517-527
134 Sun X, Cao Y, Wang S. Point mutations with positive selection were a major force during the evolution of a receptor-kinase resistance gene family of rice. Plant Physiol, 2006,140:998-1008
135 Sun X, Yang Z, Wang S, Zhang Q. Identification of a 47-kb DNA fragment containing Xa4, a locus for bacterial blight resistance in rice. Theor Appl Genet, 2003, 106: 683-687
136 Swiderski M R, Innes R W. The Arabidopsis PBS1 resistance gene encodes a member of a novel protein kinase subfamily. Plant J, 2001, 26: 101-112
137 Tabien R E, Li Z, Paterson A H, Marchetti A, Stansel W, Pinson M. Mapping of four major rice blast resistance genes from 'Lemont' and 'Teqing' and evaluation of their combinatorial effect for field resistance. TheorAppl Genet, 2000, 101: 1215-1225
138 Talbot N J, Ebbole D J, Hamer J E. Identification and characterization of MPG1, a gene involved in pathogenicity from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Plant Cell, 1993, 5: 1575-1590
139 Talbot N J, Kershaw M J, Wakley G E, de Vries O M H, Wessels J G H, Hamer J E. MPG1 encodes a fungal hydrophobin involved in surface interactions during infection-related development of Magnaporthe grisea. Plant Cell, 1996, 8: 985-999
140 Talbot N J. Having a blast: exploring the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe grisea. Trends Microbiol, 1995, 3: 9-16
141 Tatusova T A, Madden T L. BLAST 2 Sequences, a new tool for comparing protein and nucleotide sequences. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 1999,174: 247-250
142 Taura S, Ogawa T, Yoshimura A, Ikeda R, Omura T. Identification of a recessive genein induced mutant line XM5, Oryzae sativa L. Jpn J Breed, 1991,41: 427-432
143 Taura S, Ogawa T, Tabien R E, Khush G S, Yoshimura A, Omura T. Resistance gene of rice cultivar, Taichung Native 1 to Philippine races of bacterial blight pathogens. Jpn. J. Breed, 1992a, 42: 195-201
144 Taura S, Ogawa T, Yoshimura A, Dceda R, Iwata N. Identification of a recessive gene to rice bacterial blight of mutant line XM6, Oryzae Sativa L. Jpn J Breed, 1992b, 42: 7-13
145 Thomas C M, Jones D A, Parniske M., Harrison K, Balint- Kurti P J, Hatzixanthis K, Jones J D G. Characterization of the tomato Cf-4 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum identifies sequences that determine recognitional specificity in Cf-4 and Cf-9. Plant Cell, 1997, 9: 2209-2224.
146 Vleeshouwers V G, Martens A, van Dooijeweert W, Colon L T, Govers F, Kamoun S. Ancient diversification of the Pto kinase family preceded speciation in Solanum. Mol Plant-Microbe Interac, 2001, 14:996-1005
147 Wang C, Tan M, Xu X, Wen G, Zhang D, Lin X. Localizing the bacterial blight resistance gene, Xa22(t), to a 100-kilobase Bacterial Artificial Chromosome. Phytopathology, 2003, 10: 1258-1262
148 Wang G L, Ruan D L, Song W Y, Sideris S, Chen L L, Pi L Y, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Fauquet C, Gaut B S, Whalen M C, Ronald P C. Xa21D encodes a receptor-like molecule with a leucine-rich repeat domain that determine race-specific recognition and is subject to adaptive evolution. Plant Cell, 1998, 10: 765-779
149 Wang Z X, Yamanouchi U, Katayose Y, Sasaki T, Yano M. Expression of the Pib rice-blast-resistance gene family is up-regulated by environmental conditions favouring infection and by chemical signals that trigger secondary plant defences. Plant Mol Biol, 2001,47: 653-661
150 Wang Z X, Yano M, Yamanouchi U, Iwamoto M, Monna L, Hayasaka H, Katayose Y, Sasaki T. The Pib gene for rice blast resistance belongs to the nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat class of plant disease resistance genes. Plant J, 1999, 19: 55-64
151 Williams J G, Kubelik A R, Livak K J, Rafalski J A, Tingey S V. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Res, 1990,18: 6531-6535
152 Wu K S, Martinez C, Lentini Z, Tohme J, ChumIey F G, Scolnik P A, Valent B. Cloning a blast resistance gene by chromosome walking. In: Rice Genetics III, eds., Proceeding of the Third International Rice Genetics Symposium. Manila: IRRI, 1996: 669-674
153 Xiao S, Ellwood S, Calis O, Patrick E, Li T, Coleman M, Turmer J G. Broad-spectrum mildew resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana mediated by RPW8. Science, 2001, 291:118-120
154 Xing Y Z, Tan Y F, Hua J P, Sun X L, Xu C G, Zhang Q F. Characterization of the main effects, epistatic effects and their environmental interactions of QTLs on the genetic basis of yield traits in rice. Theor Appl Genet, 2002, 105: 248-257
155 Yamamoto T, Ogawa T. Inheritance of resistance in rice cultivars, Toyonishiki, Milyang 23 and IR24 to Myanmar isolates of bacterial leaf blight pathogen. JARQ, 1990, 24: 74-77
156 Yoshimura S, Yamanouchi U, Katayose Y, Toki S, Wang Z X, Kono I, Kuruta N, Yano M, Iwata N, Sasaki T. Expression of Xa1, a bacterial blight resistance gene in rice, is induced by bacterial inoculation. Proc Acad Natl Sci USA, 1998, 95: 1663-1668
157 Yoshimura S. Genetic analysis of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice by using molecular markers. Bull Inst Trop Agric Kyushu Univ, 1993, 16: 1-63
158 Yu Z H, Mackill D J, Bonman J M, McCouch S R, Guiderdoni E, Notteghem J L, Tanksley S D. Molecular mapping of genes for resistance to rice blast (Pyricularia grisea Sacc). Theor Appl Genet, 1996,93:859-863
159 Zenbayashi K, Ashizawa T, Tani T, Koizumi S. Mapping of the QTL (quantitative trait locus) conferring partial resistance to leaf blast in rice cultivar Chubu 32. Theor Appl Genet, 2002, 104: 547-552
160 Zenbayashi-Sawata K, Ashizawa T, Koizumi S. Pi34-AVRPi34: a new gene-for-gene interaction for partial resistance in rice to blast caused by Magnaporthe grisea. J Gen Plant Pathol, 2005, 71: 395-401
161 Zhou B, Peng K, Chu Z, Wang S, Zhang Q. The defense-responsive genes showing enhanced and repressed expression after pathogen infection in rice (Oryza sativa L). Sci China (Ser C), 2002, 45:449-467
162 Zhou B, Qu S, Liu G, Dolan M, Sakai H, Lu G, Bellizzi M, Wang G L. The eight amino-acid differences within three leucine-rich repeats between Pi2 and Piz-t resistance proteins determine the resistance specificity to Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact, 2006, 19: 1216-1228
163 Zhou J H, Wang J L, Xu J C, Lei C L and Ling Z Z. Identification and mapping of a rice blast resistance gene Pi-g(t) in the cultivar Guangchangzhan. Plant Pathol, 2004, 53: 191-196
164 Zhu M, Wang L, Pan Q. Identification and characterization of a new blast resistance gene located on rice chromosome 1 through linkage and differential analyses. Phytopathology, 2004, 94: 515-519
165 Zhu Y, Chen H, Fan J, Wang Y, Li Y, Chen J, Fan J, Yang S, Hu L, Leung H, Mew T W, Teng P S, Wang Z, Mundt C C. Genetic diversity and disease control in rice. Nature, 2000, 406: 718-722
166 Zhuang J.Y, Ma W B, Wu J L, Chai R Y, Lu J, Fan Y Y, Jin M Z, Leung H, Zheng K L. Mapping of leaf and neck blast resistance genes with resistance gene analog, RAPD and RFLP in rice. Euphytica, 2002, 128:363-370
2 陈惠兰.我国南方稻区稻瘟病菌群体结构及水稻和大麦抗病QTL的比较作图.[博士学位论文].武汉:华中农业大学图书馆,2001
3 方宣钧.作物DNA标记辅助育种.北京,科学出版社,2001
4 高东迎,刘蔼民,周亦红,程艳军,向阳海,孙立华,翟文学.水稻抗白叶枯病基因Xa-25的分子定位.遗传学报,2005,32:183-188
5 葛小佳.籼稻组织培养体系的优化及水稻抗病相关基因22E6E114的功能鉴定.[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中农业大学图书馆,2005
6 金旭炜,王春连,杨清,江祺祥,樊颖伦,刘古春,赵开军.水稻抗白叶枯病近等基因系CBB30的培育及Xa30(t)的初步定位.中国农业科学,2007,40:1094-1110
7 李进波,夏明元,戚华雄,何光存,万丙良,查中萍.水稻抗褐飞虱基因Bph14和Bph15的分子标记辅助选择.中国农业科学,2006,39:2132-2137
8 林兴华,王春台,文国松,张端品,谢岳峰,张启发.广谱高抗水稻白叶枯病新基因的精细定位.遗传,1998,20(增刊):116
9 凌忠专,T.Mew,王久林,雷财林,黄宁.中国水稻近等基因系的育成及其稻瘟病菌生理小种鉴别能力.中国农业科学,2000,33:1-8
10 凌忠专,雷财林,王久林.稻瘟病菌生理小种的研究与回顾.中国农业科学,2004,37:1849-1859
11 刘士平,李信,汪朝阳,李香花,何予卿.基因聚合对水稻稻瘟病的抗性影响.分子植物育种.2003,1:22-26
12 罗彦长,王守海,李成荃,王德正,吴爽,杜士云.应用分子标记辅助选择培育抗稻白叶枯病光敏核不育系3418S.作物学报,2003,3:402-407
13 倪大虎,易成新,李莉,汪秀峰,张毅,赵开军,王春连,章琦,王文相,杨剑波.分子标记辅助培育水稻抗白叶枯病和稻瘟病三基因聚合系.作物学报,2008,34:100-105
14 彭应财,李文宏,樊叶扬,郑昀晔.利用分子标记辅助选择技术育成抗白叶枯病杂交稻协优218.杂交水稻,2003,18:5-7
15 谭光轩,任翔,翁清妹,时振英,祝莉莉,何光存.药用野生稻转育后代一个抗白叶枯病新基因的定位.遗传学报,2004,31:724-729
16 王春连,戚华雄,潘海军,李进波,樊颖伦,章琦,赵开军.水稻抗白叶枯病基因Xa23的EST标记及其在分子育种上的利用.中国农业科学,2005,38:1996-2001
17 郑康乐,钱惠荣,庄杰云,陆军,林鸿宣,G.Kochert.应用DNA标记定位水稻的抗稻瘟病基因.植物病理学报,1995,25:307-313
18 朱立煌,徐吉臣,陈英.用分子标记定位一个未知的抗稻瘟病基因.中国水稻科学,1994,24:1048-1052
19 Ahn S N,Kim Y K,Hong H C,Han S S,Kwon S J,Choi H C,Moon H P,McCouch S R.Molecular mapping of a new gene for resistance to rice blast(Pyricularia grisea Sacc.).Euphytica,2000,116:17-22
20 Altschul S F,Madden T L,Schaffer A A,Zhang J,Zhang Z,Miller W,Lipman D J.Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST:a new generation of protein database search programs.Nucleic Acids Res,1997,25:3389-3402
21 Anderson P A, Arroyogarcia R, Meyers B C, Michelmore R W. Molecular analysis of irradiation-induced and spontaneous deletion mutants at a disease resistance locus in Lactuca sativa. Mol Gen Genet, 1996, 251: 316-325
22 Anderson P A, Lawrence G J, Morrish B C, Ayliffe M A, Finnegan E J, Ellis J G. Inactivation of the flax rust resistance gene M associated with loss of a repeated unit within the leucine-rich repeat coding region. Plant Cell, 1997, 9: 641-651
23 Araki E, Yanoria M J T, Ebron L A, Mercado-Escueta D, Takai T, Fukuta Y. Mapping of a rice blast resistance gene Pish. Breed Res, 2003, 5 (Suppl. 2): 333
24 Barman S R, Gowda M, Venu R C and Chattoo B B. Identification of a major blast resistance gene in the rice cultivar Tetep'. Plant Breed, 2004,123: 300-302
25 Berruyer R, Adreit H, Milazzo J, Gaillard S, Berger A, Dioh W and Lebrun M H. Identification and fine mapping of Pi33, the rice resistance gene corresponding to the Magnaporthe grisea avirulence gene ACE1. Theor Appl Genet, 2003,107: 1139-1147
26 Botstein D, White R L, Skolnick M, Davis R W. Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet, 1980, 32: 314-331
27 Botella M A, Parkers J E, Frost L N, Bittner-Eddy P D, Beynon J L, Daniels M J, Holub E B, Jonas J D G. Three genes of the Arabidopsis Rppl complex resistance locus recognize distinct Peronospora parasitica avirulence determinants. Plant Cell, 1998, 10: 1847-1860
28 Brandwagt B F, Mesbah L A, Takken F L, Laurent P L, Kneppers T J, Hille J, Nijkamp H J. A longevity assurance gene homolog of tomato mediates resistance to Alternaria alternate f. sp. Lycopersici toxins and fumonisin B1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2000, 97: 4961-4966
29 Brueggeman R, Rostoks N, Kudrna D, Kilian A, Han F, Chen J, Druka A, Steffenson B, Kleinhofs A. Barley stem rust-resistance gene Rpg1 is a novel disease-resistance gene with homology to receptor kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2002, 99: 9328-9333
30 Bryan G T, Wu K S, Farrall L, Jia Y, Hershey H P, McAdams S A, Faulk K N, Donaldson G K, Tarchini R, Valent B. A single amino acid difference distinguishes resistant and susceptible alleles of the rice blast resistance gene Pi-ta. Plant Cell, 2000,12: 2033-2046
31 Burge C, Karlin S. Prediction of complete gene structures in human genomic DNA. J Mol Bio\, 1997, 268:78-94
32 Buschges R, Hollrichner K, Panstruga R, Simons G, Wolter M, Frijters A, van Daelen R, van der Lee T, Diergaarde P, Groenendijk J, Topsch S, Vos P, Salamini F, Schulze-Lefert P. The barely Mlo gene: A novel control element of plant pathogen resistance. Cell, 1997, 88: 695-705
33 Campbell M A, Chen D and Ronald P C. Development of co-dominant amplified polymorphic sequence markers in rice that flank the Magnaporthe grisea resistance gene Pi7(t) in recombinant inbred line 29. Phytopathology, 2004, 94: 302-307
34 Chauhan R, Furman M, Zhang H B and Leong S A. Genetic and physical mapping of a rice blast resistance locus, Pi-CO39(t), that corresponds to the avirulence gene AVR1-CO39 of Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Genet Genom, 2002, 267: 603-612
35 Chen D H, dela Vina M, Inukai T, Mackill D J, Ronald P C, Nelson R J. Molecular mapping of the blast resistance gene, Pi44(t), in a line derived from a durably resistant rice cultivar. Theor Appl Genet, 1999,98: 1046-1053
36 Chen H L, Chen B T, Zhang D P, Xie Y F, Zhang Q F. Pathotypes of Pyricularia grisea in rice fields of central and southern China. Plant Dis, 2001, 85: 843-850
37 Chen H L, Wang S P, Xing Y Z, Xu C G, Hayes P M, Zhang Q F. Comparative analyses of genomic locations and race specificities of loci for quantitative resistance to Pyricularia grisea in rice and barley . Proc NatlAcadSci USA, 2003, 100: 2544-2549
38 Chen H, Wang S, Zhang Q. New gene for bacterial blight resistance in rice located on chromosome 12 identified from Minghui 63, an elite restorer line. Phytopathology, 2002, 92: 750-754
39 Chen S, Lin X H, Xu C G, Zhang Q F. Improvement of bacterial blight resistance of 'Minghui 63', an elite restorer line of hybrid riceby molecular marker-assisted selection. Crop Sci, 2000, 40: 239-244
40 Chen X W, Li S G, Xu J C, Zhai W X, Ling Z Z, Ma B T, Wang Y P, Wang W M, Cao G, Ma Y Q, Shang J J, Zhao X F, Zhou K D, Zhu L H. Identification of two blast resistance genes in a rice variety, Digu. J phytopathol, 2004, 152: 77-85
41 Chen X W, Shang J J, Chen D X, Lei C L, Zou Y, Zhai W X, Liu G Z, Xu J C, Ling Z Z, Cao G, Ma B T, Wang Y P, Zhao X F, Li S G, Zhu L H. A B-lectin receptor kinase gene conferring rice blast resistance. Plant J, 2006, 46: 794-804
42 Chu Z, Yuan M, Yao J, Ge X, Yuan B, Xu C, Li X, Fu B, Li Z, Bennetzen J L, Zhang Q, Wang S. Promoter mutations of an essential gene for pollen development result in disease resistance in rice. Genes Dev, 2006, 20: 1250-1255
43 Collins N, Drake J, Ayliffe M, Sun Q, Ellis J, Hulbert S, Pryor T. Molecular characterization of the maize Rp1-D rust resistance haplotype and its mutants. Plant Cell, 1999, 11: 1365-1376
44 Deng Y, Zhu X, Shen Y, He Z. Genetic characterization and fine mapping of the blast resistance locus Pigm(t) tightly linked to Pi2 and Pi9 in a broad-spectrum resistant Chinese variety. Theor Appl Genet, 2006,113:705-713
45 Dixon M S, Jones D A, Keddie J S, Thomas C M, Harrison K, Jones J D G. The tomato cf-2 disease resistance locus comprises two functional genes encoding leucine-rich repeat proteins. Cell, 1996,84:451-459
46 Dodds P N, Lawrence G J, Catanzariti A M, Teh T, Wang C I, Ayliffe M A, Kobe B, Ellis J G. Direct protein interaction underlies gene-for-gene specificity and coevolution of the flax resistance genes and flax rust avirulence genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, 103: 8888-8893
47 Dodds P N, Lawrence G J, Ellis J G. Six. amino acid changes confined to the Leucine-rich repeat β-strand/β-turn motif determine the difference between the P and P2 rust resistance specificities in flax. Plant Cell, 2001a, 13: 163-178
48 Dodds P N, Lawrence G L, Ellis J G. Contrasting modes of evolution acting on the complex N locus for rust resistance in flax. Plant J, 2001b, 27: 439-452
49 Duprat A, Caranta C, Revers F, Menand B, Browning KS, Robaglia C. The Arabidopsis eukaryotic initiation factor (iso)4E is dispensable for plant growth but required for susceptibility to potyviruses. Plant J, 2002, 32: 927-934
50 Ellis J G, Lawrence G J, Finnegan E J, Anderson P A. Contrasting complexity of two rust resistance loci in flax. Proc Nat Acad Sci.USA, 1995,92: 4185-4188
51 Ellis J G, Lawrence G L, Luck J E, Dodds P N. Identification of regions in alleles of the flax rust resistance gene L that determine differences in gene-for-gene specificity. Plant Cell, 1999, 11: 495-506
52 Ellis J, Dodds P, Pryor T. Structure, function and evolution of plant disease resistance genes. Curr Opin Plant Bio, 2000, 3:278-384
53 Farman M L, Tosa Y, Nitta N, Leong S A. MAGGY, a retrotransposon in the genome of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Gen Genet, 1996, 251: 665-674
54 Finn R D, Mistry J, Schuster-Bockler B, Griffiths-Jones S, Hollich V, Lassmann T, Moxon S, Marshall M, Khanna A, Durbin R, Eddy S R, Sonnhammer E L and Bateman A. Pfam: clans, web tools and services. Nucleic Acids Res, 2006,34: D247-D251
55 Flor H H. Current status of the gene-for-gene concept. Annu Rev Phytopathol, 1971,9: 275-296
56 Fujii K, Hayano-Saito Y, Saito K, Sugiura N, Hayashi N, Tsuji T, Izawa T and Iwasaki M. Identification of a RFLP marker tightly linked to the panicle blast resistance gene, Pb1, in rice. Breed Sci, 2000, 50: 183-188
57 Fukuoka S, Okuno K. QTL analysis and mapping of pi21, a recessive gene for field resistance to rice blast in Japanese upland rice. Theor Appl Genet, 2001, 103: 185-190
58 Gao Z, Johansen E, Eyers S, Thomas CL, Noel Ellis TH, Maule AJ. The potyvirus recessive resistance gene, sbm1, identifies a novel role for translation initiation factor eEF4E in cell-to-cell trafficking. Plant J, 2004, 40: 376-385
59 Gowda M, Roy-Barman S, Chattoo B B. Molecular mapping of a novel blast resistance gene Pi38 in rice using SSLP and AFLP markers. Plant Breed, 2006, 125: 596-599
60 Gu K, Tian D, Yang F, Wu L, Sreekala C, Wang D, Wang G L, Yin Z. High-resolution genetic mapping of Xa27(t), a new bacterial blight resistance gene in rice, Oryza sativa L. Theor Appl Genet, 2004, 108:800-807
61 Gu K, Yang B, Tian D, Wu L, Wang D, Sreekala C, Yang F, Chu Z, Wang G L, White F F, Yin Z. R gene expression induced by a type-Ill effector triggers disease resistance in rice. Nature, 2005, 435: 1122-1125
62 Hamer J E, Howard R J, Chumley F J, Valent B. A mechanism for surface attachment in spores of a plant pathogenic fungus. Science, 1988, 239: 288-290
63 Hayashi K, Hashimoto N, Daigen M, Ashikawa I. Development of PCR-based SNP markers for rice blast resistance genes at the Piz locus. Theor Appl Genet, 2004, 108:1212-1220
64 Hayashi N, Ando L, Imbe T. Identification of a New Resistance Gene to a Japanese Rice Culrivar Aichi Asahi. Phytopathology, 1998, 88: 822-827
65 He Q, Li D, Zhu Y, Tan M, Zhang D, Lin X. Fine mapping of Xa2, a bacterial blight resistance gene in rice. Mol Breed, 2006,17: 1-6
66 Hittalmani S, Parco A, Mew T V, Zeigler R S, Huang N. Fine mapping and DNA marker-assisted pyramiding of the three major genes for blast resistance in rice. Theor Appl Genet, 2000, 100: 1121-1128
67 Howard R J, Valent B. Breaking and entering: host penetration by the fungal rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. Ann Rev Microbiol, 1996, 50: 491 -512
68 Imbe T, Oba S, Yanoria M J T, Tsunematsu H. A new gene for blast resistance in rice cultivar, IR24. Rice Genet Newsl, 1997, 14: 60-62
69 Inukai T, Nelson R J. Mapping for blast resistance gene Pi-3 derived from rice cultivar Pai-Kan-Tao. Rep Hokkaido Br Crop Sci Soc Japan Jap Soc Breed, 1994, 35: 54-55
70 Inukai T, Zeigler R S, Sarkarung S, Bronson M, Dung L V, Kinoshita T, Nelson R J. Development of pre-isogenic lines for rice blast-resistance by marker-aided selection from a recombinant inbred population. Theor Appl Genet, 1996, 93: 560-567
71 International Rice Genome Sequencing Project. The map-based sequence of the rice genome. Nature, 2005,436: 793-800
72 Iwata N. Report of the Committee on Gene Symbolization, Nomenclature and Linkage Groups I Registration of new gene symbols (New system). Rice Genet Newsl, 1996, 13: 12-18
73 Iyer A S, McCouch S R. The rice bacterial blight resistance gene xa5 encodes a novel form of disease resistance. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact, 2004, 17: 1348-1354
74 Jeon J S, Chen D, Yi G H, Wang G L, Ronald P C. Genetic and physical mapping of Pi5(t), a locus associated with broadspectrum resistance to rice blast. Mol Gen Genom, 2003, 269: 280-289
75 Jeung J U, Kim B R, Cho Y C, Han S S, Moon H P, Lee Y T, Jena K K. A novel gene, Pi40(t), linked to the DNA markers derived from NBS-LRR motifs confers broad spectrum of blast resistance in rice. Theor Appl Genet, 2007, 115: 1163-1177
76 Jia Y, Martin R. Identification of a New Locus, Ptr(t), Required for Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pi-tα-Mediated Resistance. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact, 2008, 21: 396-403
77 Jia Y, McAdams S A, Bryan G T, Hershey H P, Valent B. Direct interaction of resistance gene and avirulence gene products confers rice blast resistance. EMBO J, 2000,19: 4004-4014
78 Johal G S, Briggs S P. Reductase activity encoded by the HM1 disease resistance gene in maize. Science, 1992, 258: 985-987
79 Jones D A, Thomas C M, Hammond-Kosack K E, Balint-Kurti P J, Jones J D. Isolation of the tomato Cf-9 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum by transposon tagging. Science, 1994, 266: 789-793
80 Kaji R, Ogawa T, Nishimura M. RFLP mapping of a blast resistance gene, Pit, in rice. Breed Sci, 1997,47(Suppl. 1): 37
81 Khush G S, Angles E R. A new gene for resistance to race 6 of bacterial blight in rice, Oryzae satival L. Rice Genet Newsl, 1999, 16: 92-93
82 Kinoshita T, Inukai T, Toriyama K. Gene symbols for blast resistance newly revised. Rice Genet Newsl, 1994, 11: 16-18
83 Kobe B, Deisenhofer J. The leucine-rich repeat, a versatile binding motif. Trends Biochem Science, 1994, 19:415-421
84 Koga H, Nakayachi O. Morphological studies on attachment of spores of Magnaporthe grisea to the leaf surface of rice. J Gen Plant Pathol, 2004, 70: 11-15
85 Lahaye T. Illuminating the molecular basis of gene-for-gene resistance; Arabidopsis thaliana RRS1-R and its interaction with Ralstonia solanacearum popP2. Trends Plant Sci, 2004, 9: 1-4
86 Lawrence G J, Finnegan E J, Ayliffe M A, Ellis J G. The L6 gene for flax rust resistance is related to the Arabidopsis bacterial resistance gene RPS2 and the tobacco viral resistance gene N. Plant Cell, 1995,7: 1195-1206
87 Lee K S, Rasabandith S, Angeles E R, Khush G S. Inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight in 21 cultivars of rice. Phytopathology, 2003, 93: 147-152
88 Li L Y, Wang L, Jing J X, Li Z Q, Lin F, Huang L F, Pan Q H. The Pikm gene, conferring stable resistance to isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae, was finely mapped in a crossover-cold region on rice chromosome 11. Mol Breed, 2007, 20: 179-188
89 Li X, Qian Q, Fu Z, Wang Y, Xiong G, Zeng D, Wang X, Liu X, Teng S, Hiroshi F, Yuan M, Luo D, Han B, Li J. Control of tillering in rice. Nature, 2003, 422: 618-621
90 Lin F, Chen S, Que Z, Wang L, Liu X, Pan Q. The blast resistance gene Pi37 encodes an NBS-LRR protein and is a member of a resistance gene cluster on rice chromosome 1. Genetics, 2007a, 177: 1871-1880
91 Lin F, Liu Y, Wang L. Liu X, Pan Q. A high-resolution map of the rice blast resistance gene Pil5 constructed by sequence-ready markers. Plant Breeding, 2007b, 126: 287-290
92 Lincoln S, Daly M, Lander E. Constructing genetics maps with MAPMAKER/EXP 3.0. Whitehead Institute Technical Report. 3rd edn. Cambridge: Whitehead Institute, 1992
93 Liu B, Zhang S H, Zhu X Y, Yang Q Y, Wu S Z , Mei V, Mauleon R, Leach J, Mew T, Leung H. Candidate defense genes as predictors of quantitative blast resistance in rice. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact, 2004,17: 1146-1152
94 Liu X, Lin F, Wang L, Pang Q. The silico map-based cloning of Pi36, a rice CC-NBS-LRR gene which confers race specific resistance to the blast fungu. Genetics, 2007a, 176: 2541-2549
95 Liu X, Yang Q, Lin F, Hua L, Wang C, Wang L, Pan Q. Identification and fine mapping of Pi39(t), a major gene conferring the broad-spectrum resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. Mol Genet Genomics, 2007b, 278: 403-410
96 Lupas A, Van Dyke M, Stock J. Predicting Coled Coils from Protein Sequences. Science, 1991, 252:1162-1164
97 Mackill D J, Bonman J M. Inheritance of Blast Resistance in Near-Isogenic Lines of Rice. Phytopathology, 1992, 82: 746-749
98 Martin G B, Brommonschenkel S H, Chunwongse J, Frary A, Ganal M W, Spivey R, Wu T, Earle E D, Tanksley S D. Map-based cloning of a protein kinase gene conferring disease resistance in tomato. Science, 1993,262:1432-1436
99 McCouch S R, Kochert G, Yu Z H, Wang Z Y, Khush G S, Cofflllan W R, Tanksley S D. Molecular mapping of rice chromosomes. Theor Appl Genet, 1988, 76: 815-829
100 McCouch S R, Teytelman L, Xu Y, Lobos K B, Clare K, Walton M, Fu B, Maghirang R, Li Z, Xing Y, Zhang Q, Kono I, Yano M, Fjellstrom R, DeClerck G, Schneider D, Cartinhour S, Ware D, Stein L. Development and mapping of 2240 new SSR markers for rice (Oryza sativa L.) (supplement). DNA Res, 2002, 9: 257-279
101 Meyers B C, Chin D B, Shen K A, Sivaramakrishnan S, Lavelle D O, Zhang Z, Michelmore R W. The major resistance gene cluster in lettuce is highly duplicated and spans several megabases. Plant Cell, 1998a, 10: 1817-1832
102 Meyers B C, Shen K A, Rohani P, Gaut B S, Michelmore R W. Receptor-like genes in the major resistance locus of lettuce are subject to divergent selection. Plant Cell, 1998b, 10: 1833-1846
103 Money N P and Howard R J. Confirmation of a link between fungal pigmentation, turgor pressure, and pathogenicity using a new method o turgor measurement. Fungal Gent Biol, 1996, 20: 217-227
104 Nakai H, Kuwahara M, Saito M. Studies of an induced mutant resistant to multiple races of bacterial leaf blight. Rice Genet Newsl, 1988, 5: 101-103
105 Naqvi N I and Chattoo B B. Molecular genetic analysis and sequence characteried amplified region-assisted selection of blast resistance in rice. In: Rice Genetics III eds., Proceeding of the Third International Rice Genetics Symposium. Manila: IRRI, 1996, 570-576
106 Nguyen T T T, Koizumi S, La T N, Zenbayashi K S, Ashizawa T, Yasuda N, Imazaki I, Miyasaka A. Pi35(t), a new gene conferring partial resistance to leaf blast in the rice cultivar Hokkai 188. Theor Appl Genet, 2006, 113: 697-704
107 Noda T, Ohuchi A. A new pathogenic race of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae and nheritance of resistance to it. Ann Phytopalh Soc Jpn, 1989, 55: 201-207
108 Ogawa T. Methods and strategy for monitoring race distribution and identification of resistance genes to bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas compestris pv. oryzae) in rice. JARQ, 1993, 27: 71- 80
109 Ogawa T, Morinaka T, Fuiii K, Kiruma T. Inheritance of resistance of rice varieties Kogyoku and Java 14 to bacterial group V of Xanthomonas oryzae. Ann Phytopath Soc Jpn, 1978,44: 137-141
110 Ogawa T, Yamamoto T, Khush G S, Mew TW. Inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight in Sateng-A reinvestigation. Rice Genet Newsl, 1986, 3: 80-82
111 Ogawa T, Yamamoto T. Resistance gene of rice cultivar. Asominori to bacterial blight of rice. Jpn J Breed, 1989, 39( suppl 1): 196-197
112 Ou S H. Blast. In: Rice disease, 2nd edn. UK: The Cambrian News Ltd., 1985, 109-201
113 Pan Q H, Wang L, Ikehashi H, Tanisaka T. Identification of a new blast resistance gene in the indica cultivar Kasalath using Japaneses differential cultivars and isozyme markers. Phytopathology, 1996, 86: 1071-1075
114 Pan Q H, Wang L, Tanisaka T. A new blast resistance gene identified in the Indian native rice cultivar Aus373 through alelism and linkage tests. Plant Pathol, 1999, 48: 288-293
115 Pan Q H. Wang L, Ikehashi H, Yamagata H, Tanisaka T. Identification of two new genes conferring resistance to rice blast in Chinese native cultivar 'Maowangu'. Plant Breed, 1988, 117: 27-31
116 Parniske M, Jones J D G. Recombination between diverged clusters of the tomato Cf-9 plant disease resistance gene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1999, 96: 5850-5855
117 Peng K M, Zhang H B, Zhang Q F. A BAC library constructed to the rice cultivar "Minghui 63" for cloning genes of agronomic importance. Acta Bot Sinica, 1998,40: 1108-1114
118 Porter B W, Chittoor J M, Yano M, Sasaki T, White F F. Development and mapping of markers linked to the rice bacterial blight resistance gene Xa7. Crop Sci, 2003,43:1484-1492
119 Qu S, Liu G, Zhou B, Bellizzi M, Zeng L, Dai L, Han B, Wang G L. The broad- spectrum blast resistance gene Pi9 encodes a nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat protein and is a member of a multigene family in rice. Genetics, 2006,172: 1901-1914
120 Ren Z H, Gao J P, Li L G, Cai X L, Huang W, Chao D Y, Zhu M Z, Wang Z Y, Luan S, Lin H X. A rice quantitative trait locus for salt tolerance encodes a sodium transporter. Nat Genet, 2005, 37: 1141-1146
121 Ronald P C. The molecular basis of disease resistance in rice. Plant Mol Biol, 1997,35: 179-186
122 Rossman A Y, Howard R J, Valent B. Pyricularia grisea the correct name for the rice blast fungus. Mycologia, 1992, 82: 509-512
123 Rybka K, Miyamoto M, Ando I, Saito A, Kawasaki S. High resolution mapping of the indica-derived rice blast resistance genes II. Pi-ta2 and Pi-ta and a consideration of their origin. Mol Plant-Micro Interact, 1997, 10: 517-524
124 Saiki R K, Scharf S, Faloona F, Mullis K B, Horn G T, Erlich H A, Arnheim N. Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science, 1985, 230:1350-1354
125 Sallaud C, Lorieux M, Roumen E, Tharreau D, Berruyer R, Svestasrani P, Garsmeur O, Guesquiere A, Notteghem J L. Identification of five new blast resistant variety IR64 using a QTL mapping strategy. Theor Appl Genet, 2003, 106: 794-803
126 Sesma A, Osbourn A E. The rice blast pathogen undergoes developmental processes typical of root-infecting fungi. Nature, 2004, 431: 582-586
127 Sharma T R, Madhav M S, Singh B K, Shanker P, Jana T K, Dalai V, Pandit A, Singh A, Gaikwad K, Upreti H C, Singh N K. High-resolution mapping, cloning and molecular characterization of the Pi-k(h) gene of rice, which confers resistance to Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Genet Genomics, 2005,274: 569-578
128 Singh K, Vikal Y, Singh S, Leung H, Dhaliwal H S, Khush G S. Mapping of bacterial blight resistance gene xa8 using microsatellite markers. Rice Genet Newsl, 2002,19:94-97
129 Song W Y, Pi L Y, Wang G L, Gardner J, Holsten T, Ronald P C. Evolution of the Xall disease resistance gene family. Plant Cell, 1997,9:1279-1287
130 Song W Y, Wang G L, Chen L L, Kim H S, Pi L Y, Holsten T, Gardner J, Wang B, Zhai W X, Zhu L H, Fauquet C, Ronald P. A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by rice disease resistance gene Xa21. Science, 1995,270: 1804-1806
131 Song X J, Huang W, Shi M, Zhu M Z, Lin H X. A QTL for rice grain width and weight encodes a previously unknown RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. Nat Genet, 2007, 39: 623-630
132 Sudupak M A, Bennetzen J L, Hulbert S H. Unequal exchange and meiotic instability of disease-resistance genes in the Rp1 region of maize. Genetics, 1993, 133:119-125
133 Sun X, Cao Y, Yang Z, Xu C, Li X, Wang S, Zhang Q. Xa26, a gene conferring resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryiae in rice, encodes an LRR receptor kinase-like protein. Plant J, 2004,37:517-527
134 Sun X, Cao Y, Wang S. Point mutations with positive selection were a major force during the evolution of a receptor-kinase resistance gene family of rice. Plant Physiol, 2006,140:998-1008
135 Sun X, Yang Z, Wang S, Zhang Q. Identification of a 47-kb DNA fragment containing Xa4, a locus for bacterial blight resistance in rice. Theor Appl Genet, 2003, 106: 683-687
136 Swiderski M R, Innes R W. The Arabidopsis PBS1 resistance gene encodes a member of a novel protein kinase subfamily. Plant J, 2001, 26: 101-112
137 Tabien R E, Li Z, Paterson A H, Marchetti A, Stansel W, Pinson M. Mapping of four major rice blast resistance genes from 'Lemont' and 'Teqing' and evaluation of their combinatorial effect for field resistance. TheorAppl Genet, 2000, 101: 1215-1225
138 Talbot N J, Ebbole D J, Hamer J E. Identification and characterization of MPG1, a gene involved in pathogenicity from the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Plant Cell, 1993, 5: 1575-1590
139 Talbot N J, Kershaw M J, Wakley G E, de Vries O M H, Wessels J G H, Hamer J E. MPG1 encodes a fungal hydrophobin involved in surface interactions during infection-related development of Magnaporthe grisea. Plant Cell, 1996, 8: 985-999
140 Talbot N J. Having a blast: exploring the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe grisea. Trends Microbiol, 1995, 3: 9-16
141 Tatusova T A, Madden T L. BLAST 2 Sequences, a new tool for comparing protein and nucleotide sequences. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 1999,174: 247-250
142 Taura S, Ogawa T, Yoshimura A, Ikeda R, Omura T. Identification of a recessive genein induced mutant line XM5, Oryzae sativa L. Jpn J Breed, 1991,41: 427-432
143 Taura S, Ogawa T, Tabien R E, Khush G S, Yoshimura A, Omura T. Resistance gene of rice cultivar, Taichung Native 1 to Philippine races of bacterial blight pathogens. Jpn. J. Breed, 1992a, 42: 195-201
144 Taura S, Ogawa T, Yoshimura A, Dceda R, Iwata N. Identification of a recessive gene to rice bacterial blight of mutant line XM6, Oryzae Sativa L. Jpn J Breed, 1992b, 42: 7-13
145 Thomas C M, Jones D A, Parniske M., Harrison K, Balint- Kurti P J, Hatzixanthis K, Jones J D G. Characterization of the tomato Cf-4 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum identifies sequences that determine recognitional specificity in Cf-4 and Cf-9. Plant Cell, 1997, 9: 2209-2224.
146 Vleeshouwers V G, Martens A, van Dooijeweert W, Colon L T, Govers F, Kamoun S. Ancient diversification of the Pto kinase family preceded speciation in Solanum. Mol Plant-Microbe Interac, 2001, 14:996-1005
147 Wang C, Tan M, Xu X, Wen G, Zhang D, Lin X. Localizing the bacterial blight resistance gene, Xa22(t), to a 100-kilobase Bacterial Artificial Chromosome. Phytopathology, 2003, 10: 1258-1262
148 Wang G L, Ruan D L, Song W Y, Sideris S, Chen L L, Pi L Y, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Fauquet C, Gaut B S, Whalen M C, Ronald P C. Xa21D encodes a receptor-like molecule with a leucine-rich repeat domain that determine race-specific recognition and is subject to adaptive evolution. Plant Cell, 1998, 10: 765-779
149 Wang Z X, Yamanouchi U, Katayose Y, Sasaki T, Yano M. Expression of the Pib rice-blast-resistance gene family is up-regulated by environmental conditions favouring infection and by chemical signals that trigger secondary plant defences. Plant Mol Biol, 2001,47: 653-661
150 Wang Z X, Yano M, Yamanouchi U, Iwamoto M, Monna L, Hayasaka H, Katayose Y, Sasaki T. The Pib gene for rice blast resistance belongs to the nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat class of plant disease resistance genes. Plant J, 1999, 19: 55-64
151 Williams J G, Kubelik A R, Livak K J, Rafalski J A, Tingey S V. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Res, 1990,18: 6531-6535
152 Wu K S, Martinez C, Lentini Z, Tohme J, ChumIey F G, Scolnik P A, Valent B. Cloning a blast resistance gene by chromosome walking. In: Rice Genetics III, eds., Proceeding of the Third International Rice Genetics Symposium. Manila: IRRI, 1996: 669-674
153 Xiao S, Ellwood S, Calis O, Patrick E, Li T, Coleman M, Turmer J G. Broad-spectrum mildew resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana mediated by RPW8. Science, 2001, 291:118-120
154 Xing Y Z, Tan Y F, Hua J P, Sun X L, Xu C G, Zhang Q F. Characterization of the main effects, epistatic effects and their environmental interactions of QTLs on the genetic basis of yield traits in rice. Theor Appl Genet, 2002, 105: 248-257
155 Yamamoto T, Ogawa T. Inheritance of resistance in rice cultivars, Toyonishiki, Milyang 23 and IR24 to Myanmar isolates of bacterial leaf blight pathogen. JARQ, 1990, 24: 74-77
156 Yoshimura S, Yamanouchi U, Katayose Y, Toki S, Wang Z X, Kono I, Kuruta N, Yano M, Iwata N, Sasaki T. Expression of Xa1, a bacterial blight resistance gene in rice, is induced by bacterial inoculation. Proc Acad Natl Sci USA, 1998, 95: 1663-1668
157 Yoshimura S. Genetic analysis of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice by using molecular markers. Bull Inst Trop Agric Kyushu Univ, 1993, 16: 1-63
158 Yu Z H, Mackill D J, Bonman J M, McCouch S R, Guiderdoni E, Notteghem J L, Tanksley S D. Molecular mapping of genes for resistance to rice blast (Pyricularia grisea Sacc). Theor Appl Genet, 1996,93:859-863
159 Zenbayashi K, Ashizawa T, Tani T, Koizumi S. Mapping of the QTL (quantitative trait locus) conferring partial resistance to leaf blast in rice cultivar Chubu 32. Theor Appl Genet, 2002, 104: 547-552
160 Zenbayashi-Sawata K, Ashizawa T, Koizumi S. Pi34-AVRPi34: a new gene-for-gene interaction for partial resistance in rice to blast caused by Magnaporthe grisea. J Gen Plant Pathol, 2005, 71: 395-401
161 Zhou B, Peng K, Chu Z, Wang S, Zhang Q. The defense-responsive genes showing enhanced and repressed expression after pathogen infection in rice (Oryza sativa L). Sci China (Ser C), 2002, 45:449-467
162 Zhou B, Qu S, Liu G, Dolan M, Sakai H, Lu G, Bellizzi M, Wang G L. The eight amino-acid differences within three leucine-rich repeats between Pi2 and Piz-t resistance proteins determine the resistance specificity to Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact, 2006, 19: 1216-1228
163 Zhou J H, Wang J L, Xu J C, Lei C L and Ling Z Z. Identification and mapping of a rice blast resistance gene Pi-g(t) in the cultivar Guangchangzhan. Plant Pathol, 2004, 53: 191-196
164 Zhu M, Wang L, Pan Q. Identification and characterization of a new blast resistance gene located on rice chromosome 1 through linkage and differential analyses. Phytopathology, 2004, 94: 515-519
165 Zhu Y, Chen H, Fan J, Wang Y, Li Y, Chen J, Fan J, Yang S, Hu L, Leung H, Mew T W, Teng P S, Wang Z, Mundt C C. Genetic diversity and disease control in rice. Nature, 2000, 406: 718-722
166 Zhuang J.Y, Ma W B, Wu J L, Chai R Y, Lu J, Fan Y Y, Jin M Z, Leung H, Zheng K L. Mapping of leaf and neck blast resistance genes with resistance gene analog, RAPD and RFLP in rice. Euphytica, 2002, 128:363-370