基于KML格式的县域土地集约利用评价分析系统设计与实现
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摘要
随着地理信息系统软件在土地信息系统中的应用,实现了土地利用图形数据与属性数据的完美结合,改变了传统的基于表格数据的管理方式。但地理信息系统软件中图形的表现形式仍不太直观,表现内容也不够丰富。Google Earth是一个融合了大量遥感影像和地理坐标信息的、开放的、良好的3D数据显示平台。鉴于此,本文在对Google Earth功能及应用分析和对土地信息系统发展现状分析后,提出了将Google Earth平台应用到土地信息系统中,意在建立一个基于KML格式的、GE平台的、功能完善的三维县域土地集约利用评价与分析系统。
文章首先在研究GE COM API函数与KML语法格式的基础上对GE二次开发思路进行了探讨,总结了GE二次开发所能实现的功能与不足之处。然后按软件工程中软件设计的基本流程进行软件设计:对系统做需求分析;提出系统开发的三层体系结构,实现系统平台的搭建;根据用户需求设计系统功能;进行数据库设计;根据关键技术与主要算法在.NET框架上用C#语言对系统编程实现;最后通过具体应用案例验证了系统的可行性与科学性。
在数据库设计中,将数据按存储形式分为KML文档和属性数据库两类。系统实现中,通过GE COM API函数,实现了Google Earth界面与系统界面的集成;在对KML语法格式研究的基础上,结合ArcEngine接口研究了GIS数据向KML文件的转换;实现了向Google Earth中添加点、线、面、岛多边形地理要素和影像的功能、距离面积测量功能、高程提取功能、图片数据转换为KML文件的功能、数据库与KML文件转换的功能。在数据库技术研究的基础上,实现了属性数据管理、数据查询、计算集约度、集约度分级、报表分析等功能。
在系统应用中,以北京市密云县为例,简单介绍了系统主要功能的应用,并通过系统对密云县河南寨镇村级行政单元进行居民点集约评价,分析集约度的影响因子,验证了系统的科学性。
As the application of the Geographic information system, land information system changed the traditional management method which is based on tables, and has realized the unified management of land uses graphic data and attributes data. But the expressing form of graphics in GIS software is still not very intuitionistic, the presentation content is still not very rich. Google Earth is a nicer open 3D data shown platform, which syncretizes a great deal of remote sensing image and geographic coordinate information. In view of this, this paper studies the function and application of Google Earth, and studies the development status of land system, and then the application of Google Earth in land is proposed. The purpose of this paper is to build a three dimensional county land intensive utilization evaluation and analysis system with perfect functions, which is based on KML data form and Google Earth platform.
Based on studies of the function of GE COM API and the grammar form of KML, the paper explores the thought of secondary development of GE, and summarizes the function could be realized by secondary development of GE and the shortcomings. Then design the software according to the basic flow of software design of software engineering: analyze requirement, propose three-tier architecture, build system platform, design system function, design system database, program and realize system by c# language with key technology and main algorithm. At last, a case was given to verify the feasibility and scientificalness of system.
When design the system database, according to storage form, all the data was divided into two types: KML document and attribute database. Based on the study on grammar form of KML and the using of GE COM API function, system interface was integrated with Google Earth interface; GIS data was transformed to KML document by ArcEngine interface; the function of drawing point、polyline、polygon and island polygon on GE interface was realized, the function of image overlay was realized, the function of survey distance and area was realized, the function of extract altitude information was realized, the function of transforming image to KML document was realized, the function of transforming between database and KML document was realized. Based on the study on database technology, the function of attribute data management and the query of data was realized, the function of computation and classification of intensive degree was realized, and the function of report analysis was realized.
In the chapter of application, took Miyun County in Beijing as an example, application of system was introduced simply, and by the system, the intensive degree of the villages in Henanzhai town Miyun county were evaluated, the impact factors of intensive degree were analyze. The scientificalness of system was proved.
文章首先在研究GE COM API函数与KML语法格式的基础上对GE二次开发思路进行了探讨,总结了GE二次开发所能实现的功能与不足之处。然后按软件工程中软件设计的基本流程进行软件设计:对系统做需求分析;提出系统开发的三层体系结构,实现系统平台的搭建;根据用户需求设计系统功能;进行数据库设计;根据关键技术与主要算法在.NET框架上用C#语言对系统编程实现;最后通过具体应用案例验证了系统的可行性与科学性。
在数据库设计中,将数据按存储形式分为KML文档和属性数据库两类。系统实现中,通过GE COM API函数,实现了Google Earth界面与系统界面的集成;在对KML语法格式研究的基础上,结合ArcEngine接口研究了GIS数据向KML文件的转换;实现了向Google Earth中添加点、线、面、岛多边形地理要素和影像的功能、距离面积测量功能、高程提取功能、图片数据转换为KML文件的功能、数据库与KML文件转换的功能。在数据库技术研究的基础上,实现了属性数据管理、数据查询、计算集约度、集约度分级、报表分析等功能。
在系统应用中,以北京市密云县为例,简单介绍了系统主要功能的应用,并通过系统对密云县河南寨镇村级行政单元进行居民点集约评价,分析集约度的影响因子,验证了系统的科学性。
As the application of the Geographic information system, land information system changed the traditional management method which is based on tables, and has realized the unified management of land uses graphic data and attributes data. But the expressing form of graphics in GIS software is still not very intuitionistic, the presentation content is still not very rich. Google Earth is a nicer open 3D data shown platform, which syncretizes a great deal of remote sensing image and geographic coordinate information. In view of this, this paper studies the function and application of Google Earth, and studies the development status of land system, and then the application of Google Earth in land is proposed. The purpose of this paper is to build a three dimensional county land intensive utilization evaluation and analysis system with perfect functions, which is based on KML data form and Google Earth platform.
Based on studies of the function of GE COM API and the grammar form of KML, the paper explores the thought of secondary development of GE, and summarizes the function could be realized by secondary development of GE and the shortcomings. Then design the software according to the basic flow of software design of software engineering: analyze requirement, propose three-tier architecture, build system platform, design system function, design system database, program and realize system by c# language with key technology and main algorithm. At last, a case was given to verify the feasibility and scientificalness of system.
When design the system database, according to storage form, all the data was divided into two types: KML document and attribute database. Based on the study on grammar form of KML and the using of GE COM API function, system interface was integrated with Google Earth interface; GIS data was transformed to KML document by ArcEngine interface; the function of drawing point、polyline、polygon and island polygon on GE interface was realized, the function of image overlay was realized, the function of survey distance and area was realized, the function of extract altitude information was realized, the function of transforming image to KML document was realized, the function of transforming between database and KML document was realized. Based on the study on database technology, the function of attribute data management and the query of data was realized, the function of computation and classification of intensive degree was realized, and the function of report analysis was realized.
In the chapter of application, took Miyun County in Beijing as an example, application of system was introduced simply, and by the system, the intensive degree of the villages in Henanzhai town Miyun county were evaluated, the impact factors of intensive degree were analyze. The scientificalness of system was proved.
引文
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[2] http://cache.tianya.cn/new/techforum/Content.asp?idItem=592&idArticle=29
[3] http://baike.baidu.com/view/18437.htm
[4] Sullivan D. Google Earth Pro. ECONTENT, 2009, 32(3):16～18.
[5] Patterson TC. Google Earth as a (not just) geography education tool. JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY, 2007, 106(4):145～152.
[6] Ding Weili, Zhu Feng, Hao Yingming. Interactive 3D city modeling using Google Earth and ground images. 4th International Conference on Image and Graphics, 2007, 849～854.
[7]李健.基于Google Earth平台的地学信息集成研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2007.
[8]赖德军.基于KML格式开滦煤矿土地利用信息系统研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:成都理工大学,2008.
[9] Chen Ruixiang, He Zhaocheng, Huang Min, Pan Qiubi. Application of Google Earth in traffic information system. Acta Scientiarum Natralium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2007, 46(SUPPL):195～198.
[10]文东新.GOOGLE EARTH在森林消防管理中的应用.林业实用科技,2006,(7):26～27.
[11] Yang Fan, Liu Gang, Chen Xiyang, Lin Runping, Xue Chang. Power transmission lines maintenance system base on Google Earth (GE) platform. 2007 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, 2007, 352～355.
[12]秦绶坤,许哲平,邓志平,郭芳仁.基于Google Earth的线路台帐表格生成系统.广西电力,2008,(5):17～20.
[13]金永福,郭伟其,苏诚.基于Google Earth的海域使用管理信息系统应用Ⅰ.浏览显示篇.海洋环境科学,2008,27(5):513～516.
[14] Zheng XQ, Lu Z. Study on implementation and application of land use artificial management model based on google earth and GIS. International Conference on Informational Technology and Environmental System Science, MAY 15-17, 2008 Henan Polytechn Univ, Jiaozuo, PEOPLES R CHINA, 2008, 3:270～273.
[15]杨翼飞,唐诗华,文鸿雁.基于Google Earth的3S技术在桂林市土地更新中的应用.测绘通报,2008,(11):61～63.
[16]张志超.用Google Earth辅助有线电视网络规划设计.中国有线电视,2007,(14):1359～1361.
[17]孟凡写.“谷歌地球”在地质勘查中的应用.煤炭技术,2008,27(7):130～131.
[18] Strangeways I. Using Google Earth to evaluate GCOS weather station sites. WEATHER, 2009, 64(1):4～8.
[19] Brenner M, Klein P. Discovering the library with Google Earth. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES, 2008, 27(2):32～36.
[20] http://www.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2008/7/209316.html
[21] http://bbs.godeyes.cn/showforum-402.aspx
[22] http://bbs.godeyes.cn/showforum-105.aspx
[23] http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4b700c4c0100cvod.html
[24]贾文珏.Google Earth和World Wind比较研究.国土资源信息化,2006,(5):45～48.
[25] http://book.8844.com/ViewEntry_207685.html
[26] http://threeheart.gisforum.net/u/85381/archives/2008/2005.html
[27] http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_53b550ec0100clkh.html
[28]王哲,田东林,黄平.基于Arc/Info软件平台的城镇地籍管理信息系统设计.测绘通报,2006,(4):65～68.
[29]严志民,王凤霞.城镇地籍管理信息系统总体设计.华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,(4):94～98.
[30] Krol D, Szymanski M, Trawinski B. Web-based recommendation strategy in a cadastre information system. 4th International Conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems, JUN 21-23, 2006 Dublin, IRELAND, 2006, 346～349.
[31]叶挺,袁占良.现代地籍信息系统综述.测绘与空间地理信息,2008,31(5):52～55.
[32]张寿东.地籍管理信息系统设计及应用:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2002.
[33]谢炯,刘仁义,刘南.土地利用现状管理信息系统中土地利用多级变更模型的建立及其事物处理机制设计.浙江大学学报(理学版),2007,34(4):469～475.
[34]徐财江,陈志荣,刘仁义,杨晓梅.元数据在土地利用现状管理信息系统中的设计实现.浙江大学学报(理学版),2006,33(6):713～716.
[35]刘举,常庆瑞,刘梦云.土地利用规划管理信息系统的设计研究.水土保持研究,2005,12(3):139～140.
[36]程雄,熊华,易玲.土地利用规划信息管理系统中的数据组织研究.测绘通报,2002,(5):12～14.
[37] Zao SX. The Design and Research of Land Use Planning Management Information System. International Conference on Management Science and Engineering, NOV, 2008 Jiaozuo City, PEOPLES R CHINA, 1166～1170.
[38]涂平,陈崇成等.土地适宜性评价与利用决策支持系统的设计与实现.福州大学学报(自然科学版),1999,27(5):114～118.
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