大连地区大气中DDT和HCH的监测与来源解析
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摘要
在我国有机氯农药已禁止使用20多年,但由于其在环境中具有持久性,目前在我国一些地区土壤和大气中仍能检测到DDT和HCH的残留。大连地区地处辽东半岛的南端,为我国重要的苹果生产基地,也是我国重要的海产品生产基地,该地区在农业生产过程中曾大量使用DDT和HCH,由于DDT和HCH具有挥发性,残留在土壤中的DDT和HCH会向大气中不断排放,同时由于DDT和HCH具有“蒸馏效应”和“蚱蜢跳效应”,会通过大气介质向该地区传输,对该地区生态环境和人体健康构成潜在威胁,但是目前该地区大气中DDT和HCH的污染状况不十分清楚。因此我们在大连市,旅顺,长海县等地利用主动和被动监测装置对大气中DDTs和HCHs进行了为期1年多的监测研究。
主动监测结果表明,大连市大气中PUF态DDTs和HCHs呈现出夏季高冬季低的现象,大气中总DDTs(PUF+GFF态)为106.57 pg/m~3,总HCHs为219.18 pg/m~3,与国内外城市大气中残留相比处于中等水平。PUF态α-HCH,γ-HCH,δ-HCH,p,p′-DDE和p,p′-DDT的浓度与温度,风速和风向的相关系数达到显著水平。垂直监测结果表明,长海县大气中∑DDTs和∑HCHs距离地面5cm处残留量较高,金州和庄河∑DDTs和∑HCHs距离地面200cm处残留量较高。HCHs城乡差异明显,大连市∑HCHs含量是其他农村地区的1.5～6.4倍,为730.82 pg/m~3。
初步分析表明,大连市区和长海县可能有工业DDT的使用(比如集装箱及船舶表面所涂防腐漆内含有工业DDT)造成大气中有“新”的DDT的输入。其他地区大气中DDT可能来源于土壤中的排放及其他地区大气长距离输送。大连市大气中HCH更可能是来源于长距离大气传输,长海县污染源可能为工业品;金州,普兰店和瓦房店大气中HCH可能来自于长距离运输。
The use of organochlorine pesticides in China has been banned for more than 20 years,but DDT and HCH can still be detected in soil and atmosphere of some areas in China because of its persistence in the environment.Dalian Region,located in the southern tip of Liaodong Peninsula,is important apple and seafood production base of China.DDT and HCH once were used large-scale in agricultural production process.As a result of the volatile of DDT and HCH,residue of them in soil releases into the atmosphere.At the same time as a result DDT and HCH have "distillation effect" and " grasshopper effect",they will be transported into this region through atmosphere.This poses a potential threat to ecological environment and human health in this region.But the pollution of DDT and HCH in atmosphere in this region is not very clear.Therefore, we conduct a monitoring study for more than 1 year using active and passive monitoring devices in Dalian,Lvshun,Changhai and other places.
The results of active monitoring show that the DDTs and HCHs in PUF in atmosphere of Dalian City show summer high winter low.The total content of DDTs and HCHs(PUF+GFF) in atmosphere of Dalian City is up to 106.57 pg/m~3,219.18 pg/m~3,and it is at middle level comparing with other city at home and abroad.The correlation with meteorological factors(temperature,wind speed and wind direction) is statistically significant forα-HCH,γ-HCH,δ-HCH,p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT in PUF. Vertical monitoring results show that the content ofΣDDTs andΣHCHs is higher at height 5cm from the ground in atmosphere of Changhai County.The content ofΣDDTs andΣHCHs is higher at height 200cm from the ground in atmosphere of Jinzhou and Zhuanghe.HCHs shows obvious differences between urban and rural areas,the content ofΣHCHs in Dalian City is 730.82 pg/m~3,which is 1.5 to 6.4 times as in other rural areas.
Preliminary analysis shows that industrial DDT is still in use in Dalian City and Changhai County(for example,anti-corrosion paint put on the surface of the container and ship containing industrical DDT).DDT in atmosphere of other rural areas may come from emissions from soil and long-range atmospheric transport of other areas. HCH in atmosphere of Dalian City is more likely to come from the long-range transport. Sources of pollution in Changhai County may be industrial HCH.HCH in atmosphere of Jinzhou,Wafangdian and Pulandian may come from long-range transport.
主动监测结果表明,大连市大气中PUF态DDTs和HCHs呈现出夏季高冬季低的现象,大气中总DDTs(PUF+GFF态)为106.57 pg/m~3,总HCHs为219.18 pg/m~3,与国内外城市大气中残留相比处于中等水平。PUF态α-HCH,γ-HCH,δ-HCH,p,p′-DDE和p,p′-DDT的浓度与温度,风速和风向的相关系数达到显著水平。垂直监测结果表明,长海县大气中∑DDTs和∑HCHs距离地面5cm处残留量较高,金州和庄河∑DDTs和∑HCHs距离地面200cm处残留量较高。HCHs城乡差异明显,大连市∑HCHs含量是其他农村地区的1.5～6.4倍,为730.82 pg/m~3。
初步分析表明,大连市区和长海县可能有工业DDT的使用(比如集装箱及船舶表面所涂防腐漆内含有工业DDT)造成大气中有“新”的DDT的输入。其他地区大气中DDT可能来源于土壤中的排放及其他地区大气长距离输送。大连市大气中HCH更可能是来源于长距离大气传输,长海县污染源可能为工业品;金州,普兰店和瓦房店大气中HCH可能来自于长距离运输。
The use of organochlorine pesticides in China has been banned for more than 20 years,but DDT and HCH can still be detected in soil and atmosphere of some areas in China because of its persistence in the environment.Dalian Region,located in the southern tip of Liaodong Peninsula,is important apple and seafood production base of China.DDT and HCH once were used large-scale in agricultural production process.As a result of the volatile of DDT and HCH,residue of them in soil releases into the atmosphere.At the same time as a result DDT and HCH have "distillation effect" and " grasshopper effect",they will be transported into this region through atmosphere.This poses a potential threat to ecological environment and human health in this region.But the pollution of DDT and HCH in atmosphere in this region is not very clear.Therefore, we conduct a monitoring study for more than 1 year using active and passive monitoring devices in Dalian,Lvshun,Changhai and other places.
The results of active monitoring show that the DDTs and HCHs in PUF in atmosphere of Dalian City show summer high winter low.The total content of DDTs and HCHs(PUF+GFF) in atmosphere of Dalian City is up to 106.57 pg/m~3,219.18 pg/m~3,and it is at middle level comparing with other city at home and abroad.The correlation with meteorological factors(temperature,wind speed and wind direction) is statistically significant forα-HCH,γ-HCH,δ-HCH,p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT in PUF. Vertical monitoring results show that the content ofΣDDTs andΣHCHs is higher at height 5cm from the ground in atmosphere of Changhai County.The content ofΣDDTs andΣHCHs is higher at height 200cm from the ground in atmosphere of Jinzhou and Zhuanghe.HCHs shows obvious differences between urban and rural areas,the content ofΣHCHs in Dalian City is 730.82 pg/m~3,which is 1.5 to 6.4 times as in other rural areas.
Preliminary analysis shows that industrial DDT is still in use in Dalian City and Changhai County(for example,anti-corrosion paint put on the surface of the container and ship containing industrical DDT).DDT in atmosphere of other rural areas may come from emissions from soil and long-range atmospheric transport of other areas. HCH in atmosphere of Dalian City is more likely to come from the long-range transport. Sources of pollution in Changhai County may be industrial HCH.HCH in atmosphere of Jinzhou,Wafangdian and Pulandian may come from long-range transport.
引文
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