媒体自杀报道、抑郁状态对大学生内隐自杀态度的影响
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摘要
目的：青少年的自杀已引起社会的关注,尤其是天之骄子的大学生的自杀,更加令人痛惜,因此,在反思学校教育的同时,也不能忽略社会的大环境。媒体对自·杀事件的恣意报道,已成为自杀行为发生的一个时代性刺激因素。自杀态度作为一种社会认知对自杀行为具有一定的预测力,当前态度的研究正在向内隐领域延伸,因此,自杀态度作为一种社会认知不应例外。本文为探讨媒体自杀事件报道对大学生自杀态度的影响,以及大学生抑郁状态与自杀认知的关系,将从内隐、外显层面来进行,以拓展自杀态度的研究范畴,丰富内隐联想测验的应用范围；同时,为高校真正从媒体信息刺激、学生的个体认知到自杀行为的预防干预线索提供科研依据,以减少自杀悲剧的发生。
方法：选取在校的大学生(大学一年级到大学五年级)做为被试,采用内隐The GO/NO GO (GNAT)联想测验的实验范式,用E-Prime软件自行编写程序,以互联网络上大学生自杀事件做为刺激材料,分两个实验进行探讨自杀事件、抑郁因素与大学生自杀态度之影响。实验一,探讨媒体自杀事件即时呈现后,对大学生内隐、外显自杀态度产生的影响；实验二,间接性利用媒体自杀相关事件,探讨抑郁状态对大学生自杀态度产生的影响以及内隐、外显自杀态度的关系。按照小团体(4-6人)的测验方式在行为学实验室统一进行实验。
结果：1.GNAT联想测验的平均反应时对比结果显示,被试“自杀行为-积极属性词"搭配的反应时,均显著长于“自杀行为-消极属性词”搭配的反应时。实验一,对照组(GNAT1:t=6.05,p<0.00; GNAT2:t=2.81,p<0.01);实验组(GNAT1:t=4.11,p<0.00; GNAT2:t=4.68, p<0.00)。实验二,抑郁组(GNAT1:t=4.83, p<0.00;GNAT2:t=5.43,p<0.00);对照组GNAT1:t=3.77,p<0.01;GNAT2:t=3.68,p<0.01),且实验二中,被试在外显自杀态度的得分均在2.5-3.5分之间,正常组总均分为2.88±0.06,抑郁组总均分为2.68±0.06。
2.内隐与外显自杀态度的没有显著的相关关系。
3.实验一,内隐自杀态度,性别主效应、呈现条件主效应、性别与呈现条件交互作用均不显著(GNAT1:F=0.27,P>0.05；F=0.73,P>0.05; F=0.13,P>0.05; GNAT2:F=0.49,P>0.05；F:1.32,P>0.05；F=0.18,P>0.05)；外显自杀态度,性别主效应不显著(F=0.19,P>0.05),呈现条件主效应不显著(F=0.02,P>0.05),性别与呈现条件交互作用亦不显著(F=0.04,P＞0.05)。
4.实验二,内隐自杀态度性别主效应、抑郁状况主效应、性别与抑郁状况交互作用均不显著(GNAT1:F=2.21,P>0.05, F=0.12,P>0.05, F=0.19,P>0.05;GNAT2:F=0.79,P>0.05,F=0.02,P>0.05,F=0.69,P>0.05)；抑郁组与正常组的大学生外显自杀态度显著(t=2.27,p<0.05)。
结论：1.大学生对内隐自杀态度持有非积极性评价倾向,对外显自杀态度持有矛盾或中立的态度。
2.内隐、外显自杀态度显著不相关,呈“分离”状,即自杀态度以内隐、外显两个独立的系统共存。
3.媒体自杀事件的即时呈现对大学生内隐、外显自杀态度无调节作用。
4.抑郁因素只调节大学生的外显自杀态度,对内隐自杀态度无影响。
5.性别对大学生自杀态度无调节作用。
Objective:The suicide of young people especially college students have caused community concern, so we need think the school of education and the environment. The mass media stories on suicide is commonplace, which is one of stimulative factors for suicide. Many studies showed that suicide attitude played an important role in predicting behavior, suicide attitude should not be an exception for the implicit field.
This paper probed into the effect of media stories on suicide to college students, in order to expand the areas of suicide attitude, and exploit the experimental paradigm; In addition, probing into the different suicide attitude between the depressive student and normal ones, and providing guidance for persons who work in the college, to prevent the suicide of college students.
Methods:Selecting college students (grade one to five) as the testees, the variety of Implicit Association Test:The GO/NO GO (GNAT) was the experimental paradigm.The E-Prime software was used for the procedure, and the network stories on suicide were used as stimulative materials.This paper have two parts, experiment 1, probing into immediating the media stories on suicide affect the college students'suicide attitude; experiment2, probing into the depression affect on college students of suicide attitude,and the relation of implicit suicide attitude and explicit suicide attitude.Testees operated in the psychological laboratory who were divided into groups (4～6 persons), and completed the experiment on computer keyboard keys.
Results:1.Comparing the timet of reaction on GNAT, showing that "suicidal behavior-positive attribute" words with the time of reaction was longer than"suicidal behavior-negative attribute "words. Experiment1, the control group (GNAT1:t=6.05,p<0.00;GNAT2:t=2.81,p<0.01); the experi-mental group (GNAT1:t=4.11,p<0.00; GNAT2:t=4.68,p<0.00). Experiment2, the depressing roup (GNAT1:t=4.83,p<0.00; GNAT2:t=5.43, p<0.00); the control group(GNAT1:t=3.77,p<0.01; GNAT2:t=3.68,p<0.01).
2. The pearson correlation was no significance between implicit suicide attitude and explicit suicide attitude.
3.Experiment 1,gender main effect,condition main effect,gender and condition main effect were no significance on implicit suicide attitude (GNAT1:F=0.27,P>0.05;F=0.73,P>0.05;F=0.13,P>0.05;GNAT2:F=0.49, P>0.05; F=1.32,P>0.05;F=0.18,P>0.05);gender main effect, condition main effect, gender and condition main effect were no significance on explicit suicide attitude, (F=0.19,P>0.05;F=0.02, P>0.05; F=0.04, P>0.05).
4.Experiment2, implicit suicide attitude, gender main effect, depression main effect, gender and depression main effect were no significance (GNAT1:F=2.21,P>0.05,F=0.12,P>0.05,F=0.19,P>0.05;GNAT2:F=0.79, P>0.05, F=0.02,P>0.05,F=0.69,P>0.05); The explicit suicide attitude were signifycance between the depression group and the control group (t=2.27, p<0.05).
Conclusions:1.The college students have non-positive attitude on implicit suicide; and have neutrality or contradiction attitude on explicit suicide.
2. There is no relationship between implicit suicide attitude and explicit suicide attitude, they were coexistence of two independent systems.
3. Immediating the media stories on suicide is no effect on college students'implicit and explicit attitude toward suicide.
4. Depression not affect the college students'implicit attitude toward suicide, but affect explicit attitude toward suicide.
5. Gender don't affect the college students'suicide attitude.
方法：选取在校的大学生(大学一年级到大学五年级)做为被试,采用内隐The GO/NO GO (GNAT)联想测验的实验范式,用E-Prime软件自行编写程序,以互联网络上大学生自杀事件做为刺激材料,分两个实验进行探讨自杀事件、抑郁因素与大学生自杀态度之影响。实验一,探讨媒体自杀事件即时呈现后,对大学生内隐、外显自杀态度产生的影响；实验二,间接性利用媒体自杀相关事件,探讨抑郁状态对大学生自杀态度产生的影响以及内隐、外显自杀态度的关系。按照小团体(4-6人)的测验方式在行为学实验室统一进行实验。
结果：1.GNAT联想测验的平均反应时对比结果显示,被试“自杀行为-积极属性词"搭配的反应时,均显著长于“自杀行为-消极属性词”搭配的反应时。实验一,对照组(GNAT1:t=6.05,p<0.00; GNAT2:t=2.81,p<0.01);实验组(GNAT1:t=4.11,p<0.00; GNAT2:t=4.68, p<0.00)。实验二,抑郁组(GNAT1:t=4.83, p<0.00;GNAT2:t=5.43,p<0.00);对照组GNAT1:t=3.77,p<0.01;GNAT2:t=3.68,p<0.01),且实验二中,被试在外显自杀态度的得分均在2.5-3.5分之间,正常组总均分为2.88±0.06,抑郁组总均分为2.68±0.06。
2.内隐与外显自杀态度的没有显著的相关关系。
3.实验一,内隐自杀态度,性别主效应、呈现条件主效应、性别与呈现条件交互作用均不显著(GNAT1:F=0.27,P>0.05；F=0.73,P>0.05; F=0.13,P>0.05; GNAT2:F=0.49,P>0.05；F:1.32,P>0.05；F=0.18,P>0.05)；外显自杀态度,性别主效应不显著(F=0.19,P>0.05),呈现条件主效应不显著(F=0.02,P>0.05),性别与呈现条件交互作用亦不显著(F=0.04,P＞0.05)。
4.实验二,内隐自杀态度性别主效应、抑郁状况主效应、性别与抑郁状况交互作用均不显著(GNAT1:F=2.21,P>0.05, F=0.12,P>0.05, F=0.19,P>0.05;GNAT2:F=0.79,P>0.05,F=0.02,P>0.05,F=0.69,P>0.05)；抑郁组与正常组的大学生外显自杀态度显著(t=2.27,p<0.05)。
结论：1.大学生对内隐自杀态度持有非积极性评价倾向,对外显自杀态度持有矛盾或中立的态度。
2.内隐、外显自杀态度显著不相关,呈“分离”状,即自杀态度以内隐、外显两个独立的系统共存。
3.媒体自杀事件的即时呈现对大学生内隐、外显自杀态度无调节作用。
4.抑郁因素只调节大学生的外显自杀态度,对内隐自杀态度无影响。
5.性别对大学生自杀态度无调节作用。
Objective:The suicide of young people especially college students have caused community concern, so we need think the school of education and the environment. The mass media stories on suicide is commonplace, which is one of stimulative factors for suicide. Many studies showed that suicide attitude played an important role in predicting behavior, suicide attitude should not be an exception for the implicit field.
This paper probed into the effect of media stories on suicide to college students, in order to expand the areas of suicide attitude, and exploit the experimental paradigm; In addition, probing into the different suicide attitude between the depressive student and normal ones, and providing guidance for persons who work in the college, to prevent the suicide of college students.
Methods:Selecting college students (grade one to five) as the testees, the variety of Implicit Association Test:The GO/NO GO (GNAT) was the experimental paradigm.The E-Prime software was used for the procedure, and the network stories on suicide were used as stimulative materials.This paper have two parts, experiment 1, probing into immediating the media stories on suicide affect the college students'suicide attitude; experiment2, probing into the depression affect on college students of suicide attitude,and the relation of implicit suicide attitude and explicit suicide attitude.Testees operated in the psychological laboratory who were divided into groups (4～6 persons), and completed the experiment on computer keyboard keys.
Results:1.Comparing the timet of reaction on GNAT, showing that "suicidal behavior-positive attribute" words with the time of reaction was longer than"suicidal behavior-negative attribute "words. Experiment1, the control group (GNAT1:t=6.05,p<0.00;GNAT2:t=2.81,p<0.01); the experi-mental group (GNAT1:t=4.11,p<0.00; GNAT2:t=4.68,p<0.00). Experiment2, the depressing roup (GNAT1:t=4.83,p<0.00; GNAT2:t=5.43, p<0.00); the control group(GNAT1:t=3.77,p<0.01; GNAT2:t=3.68,p<0.01).
2. The pearson correlation was no significance between implicit suicide attitude and explicit suicide attitude.
3.Experiment 1,gender main effect,condition main effect,gender and condition main effect were no significance on implicit suicide attitude (GNAT1:F=0.27,P>0.05;F=0.73,P>0.05;F=0.13,P>0.05;GNAT2:F=0.49, P>0.05; F=1.32,P>0.05;F=0.18,P>0.05);gender main effect, condition main effect, gender and condition main effect were no significance on explicit suicide attitude, (F=0.19,P>0.05;F=0.02, P>0.05; F=0.04, P>0.05).
4.Experiment2, implicit suicide attitude, gender main effect, depression main effect, gender and depression main effect were no significance (GNAT1:F=2.21,P>0.05,F=0.12,P>0.05,F=0.19,P>0.05;GNAT2:F=0.79, P>0.05, F=0.02,P>0.05,F=0.69,P>0.05); The explicit suicide attitude were signifycance between the depression group and the control group (t=2.27, p<0.05).
Conclusions:1.The college students have non-positive attitude on implicit suicide; and have neutrality or contradiction attitude on explicit suicide.
2. There is no relationship between implicit suicide attitude and explicit suicide attitude, they were coexistence of two independent systems.
3. Immediating the media stories on suicide is no effect on college students'implicit and explicit attitude toward suicide.
4. Depression not affect the college students'implicit attitude toward suicide, but affect explicit attitude toward suicide.
5. Gender don't affect the college students'suicide attitude.
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