张石高速公路（张北至旧罗家洼段）防砂固砂技术与生态效应研究
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摘要
随着国家经济的不断增长,我国高速公路也处在一个快速发展的时期,国家用于高速公路建设的投资逐年增加,高速公路建设已经进入高速建设阶段。然而与此不协调的是高速公路生态环境保护方面的政策、法规制定,理论研究以及生态治理技术仍然相对滞后,高速公路生态保护措施的现状不容乐观。高速公路在带给人们出行方便的同时,也给其周围生态环境带来了一定破坏。随着高速公路里程的不断加长,等级不断提高,通达深度不断向山区延伸,这种影响会日益加剧,势必危及地区生态安全和可持续发展。
本文归纳了现今高速公路所依据的基本理论,总结并提出了高速公路生态防护的基本原则,分析了高速公路建设所带来的可能生态影响,概括了现今高速公路主要的生态防护技术等基础工作。并针对张石高速公路(张北至旧罗家洼段)所经区域的自然环境与生态现状,提出了适合该高速公路的防砂固砂技术措施和生态恢复技术措施,且实践证明产生了一定的技术、经济、社会和生态效益。本文还初步建立了该高速公路的生态评价指标体系,并运用该体系对高速公路周围的生态环境进行简单分析。具体研究内容及创新包括:
(1)通过分析张石高速公路(张北至旧罗家洼段)特有的地形、地貌和气候特征,结合现有生态防护技术,提出了针对高原—山区—丘陵—盆地等复杂地形条件下的防砂固砂技术和生态恢复技术,为类似地形条件下的高速公路提供了一定技术指导。
(2)初步建立了张石高速公路(张北至旧罗家洼段)生态评价指标体系,为类似复杂条件下的生态效应评价提供了基本依据。
With the national economy is growing, China's highways are in a period of speeding and ahead of the development of the state for highway construction investment increased year by year, highway construction is about to enter high-speed construction phase. However, highways are incompatible with this eco-environmental protection policies, laws and regulations development, theory, research, and ecological management technology is still lagging behind, highway status of ecological protection measures, is not optimistic. Freeway at the same time easy to bring people to travel, but also to the surrounding ecological environment has brought some damage. With the constant lengthening highway mileage, class constant improvement of access to the mountains continue to extend this influence will become increasingly intensified, is bound to endanger regional ecological security and sustainable development.
This article summarizes the current highway based on the basic theory, summarized and made the highway the basic principles of ecological protection, analysis of the highway brought about by the possible ecological impacts are summed up today's major eco-protection technology highway and other basic work. And for the Zhangjiakou - Shijiazhuang Expressway (Zhangbei - Jiuluojiawa) went through the region of the natural environment and ecological status, made of sand suitable for the highway sand solid technical measures and technical measures for ecological restoration, and have had some proven the technical, economic, social and ecological benefits. This is also the initial establishment of the ecological evaluation index system of highways, and to utilize the system on highways around the simple analysis of the ecological environment. Specific research content and innovation include:
(1) By analyzing the unique topography, geomorphology and climate characteristics of Zhangjiakou - Shijiazhuang Expressway (Zhangbei - Jiuluojiawa), combined with the existing eco-protection technology was proposed for the Highlands - Mountains - hills - Basin and other complex terrain under the conditions of solid sand Sand Technology and ecological restoration technology, similar to the topographical conditions of the highway provided some technical guidance.
(2) Initially established the ecological evaluation index system of Zhangjiakou - Shijiazhuang Expressway (Zhangbei - Jiuluojiawa) for similar ecological effects under complicated conditions provided the basis for evaluation.
本文归纳了现今高速公路所依据的基本理论,总结并提出了高速公路生态防护的基本原则,分析了高速公路建设所带来的可能生态影响,概括了现今高速公路主要的生态防护技术等基础工作。并针对张石高速公路(张北至旧罗家洼段)所经区域的自然环境与生态现状,提出了适合该高速公路的防砂固砂技术措施和生态恢复技术措施,且实践证明产生了一定的技术、经济、社会和生态效益。本文还初步建立了该高速公路的生态评价指标体系,并运用该体系对高速公路周围的生态环境进行简单分析。具体研究内容及创新包括:
(1)通过分析张石高速公路(张北至旧罗家洼段)特有的地形、地貌和气候特征,结合现有生态防护技术,提出了针对高原—山区—丘陵—盆地等复杂地形条件下的防砂固砂技术和生态恢复技术,为类似地形条件下的高速公路提供了一定技术指导。
(2)初步建立了张石高速公路(张北至旧罗家洼段)生态评价指标体系,为类似复杂条件下的生态效应评价提供了基本依据。
With the national economy is growing, China's highways are in a period of speeding and ahead of the development of the state for highway construction investment increased year by year, highway construction is about to enter high-speed construction phase. However, highways are incompatible with this eco-environmental protection policies, laws and regulations development, theory, research, and ecological management technology is still lagging behind, highway status of ecological protection measures, is not optimistic. Freeway at the same time easy to bring people to travel, but also to the surrounding ecological environment has brought some damage. With the constant lengthening highway mileage, class constant improvement of access to the mountains continue to extend this influence will become increasingly intensified, is bound to endanger regional ecological security and sustainable development.
This article summarizes the current highway based on the basic theory, summarized and made the highway the basic principles of ecological protection, analysis of the highway brought about by the possible ecological impacts are summed up today's major eco-protection technology highway and other basic work. And for the Zhangjiakou - Shijiazhuang Expressway (Zhangbei - Jiuluojiawa) went through the region of the natural environment and ecological status, made of sand suitable for the highway sand solid technical measures and technical measures for ecological restoration, and have had some proven the technical, economic, social and ecological benefits. This is also the initial establishment of the ecological evaluation index system of highways, and to utilize the system on highways around the simple analysis of the ecological environment. Specific research content and innovation include:
(1) By analyzing the unique topography, geomorphology and climate characteristics of Zhangjiakou - Shijiazhuang Expressway (Zhangbei - Jiuluojiawa), combined with the existing eco-protection technology was proposed for the Highlands - Mountains - hills - Basin and other complex terrain under the conditions of solid sand Sand Technology and ecological restoration technology, similar to the topographical conditions of the highway provided some technical guidance.
(2) Initially established the ecological evaluation index system of Zhangjiakou - Shijiazhuang Expressway (Zhangbei - Jiuluojiawa) for similar ecological effects under complicated conditions provided the basis for evaluation.
引文
[1]马光瑞,谢先康.山区高等级公路生态环境保护与恢复.湖南交通科技, 2004, 30(4): 41-42
[2]王慧芳,罗承德.高等级公路边坡绿化植物材料选择初探.四川草原, 2004, 100(3): 63-65
[3]成堂春.高速公路边坡绿化.湖南交通科技, 2003, 29(3): 51-53
[4]张平.公路设计施工阶段的环境保护.科技情报开发与经济, 2007. 21(2): 12-20
[5]李金昌.黄土地区高等级公路的边坡绿化.山西科技, 2003(2): 49-50
[6]吴东强,罗幸平.高等级公路边坡绿化防护方法.公路与汽运, 2001, 20(4): 27-28
[7]夏江明.浅谈高速公路环境污染防治对策.浙江交通科技, 2002, 30(1): 15-16
[8]边世斌.榆清高速公路防风固沙与环境保护设计.西北公路, 2002, 15(4): 7-8
[9]王德,雷加强,徐俊荣,等.塔中一号公路防沙体系不同地貌部位风沙危害差异研究.干旱区资源与环境, 2004, 18(5): 29-33
[10]边世斌.榆清高速公路防风固沙与环境保护设计.西北公路, 2002, 30(4): 7-8, 39
[11] T. SAKAI, H. HARADA, X. Q. LIU, et al. Effect of a motorway on mortality and isolation of wildlife populations. AMBIO, 2000, 29(3): 163-166
[12]沈军辉,李永林,王小群,等.二郎山公路隧道泥石流地质灾害及防治.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004, 16(2): 3-5
[13] A. GUENIERI, F. PALMISANO, J. WELL. Strategic Environmental Assessment for Sustainable Development. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 1996, 16(3): 321-335
[14]王海亮,张春禹,何凡,等.半干旱地区高速公路边坡生态恢复技术研究.内蒙古公路与运输, 2006, 20(1): 128-130
[15] C. GEORGE. Assessing Global Impacts at Sector and Project Levels. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 1997, 17(4): 227-247
[16]许自义,陈相国,杨庆贺.公路挖方路段生态恢复.山东林业科技, 2006, 12(3): 57-58
[17]肖念婷,杨军红.公路边坡生物防护与路域生态恢复.湖南城市学院学报, 2006, 15(2): 27-28
[18]董建辉.山区高速公路生态恢复研究.陕西林业科技, 2005, 12(3): 52-54, 74
[19]马少杰,刘国东.高速公路建设水土流失分析及水土保持研究.公路, 2006, 15(10): 128-134
[20]祁有祥,赵强,胡晋茹,等.高速公路建设项目水土保持措施研究.中国水土保持科学, 2006, 4(9): 165-169
[21]王锐亮,何丙辉,张晋平.高速公路水土保持生态恢复——以重庆绕城高速公路南段为例.中国农学通报, 2006, 22(7): 557-559
[22]唐娴.公路边坡植物防护的水土保持机理.水土保持研究, 2006, 13(5): 64-65
[23]李金海.公路建设中水土流失影响及防治措施.重庆环境科学, 2003, 25(2): 42-44
[24]谭秀珍,戴超群.山区公路建设生态保护和水土保持.中南公路工程, 2007, 32(1): 128-130
[25] Z. Y. LI. Lead uptake and effect on seed germination and plant growth in a Pb hyperacumulator. Bull Environ, 1998, 12(6): 61-65
[26]赵勇.公路工程的环保途径.交通标准化, 2005, 6(3): 35-36
[27] L. N. MOSKVIN, J. SIMON, R. P. LOFFLER, et al. Road and railway verges serve as dispersal corridors for grassland plants. Landscape Ecology, 2001, 16(7): 659-666
[28] S. DEKI, Y. AOI, H. YANAGIMOLO, et al. Environmental problems of railway construction and their control countermeasure. Traffic Environment, 2000, 21(5): 39-41
[29] J. ALONSO, J. BARTROLI. Eco-environment protect issues and countermeasures. Highway, 2000, 8(3): 68-72
[30] C. BORREGO, O. TCHEOE, N. BARROS, et al. Impact of road traffic emissions on air quality of Losbon region. Atmospheric Environment , 2000, 34(4): 4683-4690
[31] YILI ZHANG, JIANZHONG YAN. Impact of Qinghai-Xizang Highway on Land Use and Landscape Pattern Change: from Golmud to Tanggulashan Pass. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2002, 57(3): 253-266
[32] QINGBAI WU, WENJUN LI. Computer Simulation and Mapping of the Regional Distribution of Permafrost along the Qinghai Xizang Highway. Gournal of Glaciology Geocryology, 2000, 22(4): 323-326
[33] JIANZHONG YAN. Terrestrial net primary production and its spatio temporal patterns in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Natural Resources, 2005, 17(3): 373-380
[34]江玉林,杜娟.高等级公路生态环境保护问题与对策.公路, 2000, 8(2): 68-72
[35]马世骏.边际效应与边际生态学-现代生态学透视.北京:科技出版社, 2003: 43-45
[36]董常晖,徐燕.公路工程环境影响评价的研究进展.交通环保, 2004, 25(1): 44-47
[37]李铁强.公路工程与环境保护.辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报, 2005, 7(2): 13-15
[38] W. MCDONALD. Elements that promote high-way crossing structure use by small mammals in Banff National Park.. Applied Ecology, 2004, 41(1): 82- 93
[39] A. WHEEL, P. ANGERM. Impacts of new highways and subsequent landscape urbanization on stream habitat and biota. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 2005, 13(3): 141-164
[40] P. L. ANGERMEIER, A. P. WHEELER. A conceptual framework for assessing impacts of roads on aquatic biota. Fisheries, 2004, 29(12): 19-29
[41] D. J. PRICE, W. J. BIRGE. Effectiveness of stream restoration following highway reconstruction projects on two freshwater streams in Kentucky. Ecological Engi-neering, 2005, 25(1): 73-84
[42] LIPING SUN, XINYU ZHAO, XUEMEI GUAN. Study of met hods on highway ecologicalenvironmental assessment. Heilongjiang Jiaotong Keji, 2005, 23(3): 77-78
[43] HONG CHEN, FENGHU WEI. Study of the way on indicator set of ecological assessment of highway. High way and Transport, 2004, 17(4): 89-92
[44] XUDONG YAN. A preliminary st udy on advances of environment impact assessment of high project. Environmental Protection in Transportation, 2004, 25(1): 44-47
[45] GUOZHI HAN, DAOFANG FU. Determination of integrated assessment of Environmental impact’s weight based on Eigenvector of Classification Matrix of highway const ruction project. High-way and Transportation Research and Development, 2004, 21(5): 158-160
[46] P. M. TIKKA. Road and railway verges serve as dispersal corridors for grassland plants. Landscape Ecology, 2001, 16(7): 659-666
[47]吴文伟.浅谈公路工程环保分析与防治措施.黑龙江交通科技, 2005, 3(4): 13-14
[48]王建军,王参军.公路建设项目后评价理论与方法研究.北京:人民交通出版社, 2005:20
[49]祝惠青.公路建设项目后评价指标体系研究.天津理工学院学报, 2004, 20(4): 25-27
[50]康相武,潘伯荣,周华荣.干旱区廊道景观及其研究之管见.干旱地理, 2000, 17(3): 64-70
[2]王慧芳,罗承德.高等级公路边坡绿化植物材料选择初探.四川草原, 2004, 100(3): 63-65
[3]成堂春.高速公路边坡绿化.湖南交通科技, 2003, 29(3): 51-53
[4]张平.公路设计施工阶段的环境保护.科技情报开发与经济, 2007. 21(2): 12-20
[5]李金昌.黄土地区高等级公路的边坡绿化.山西科技, 2003(2): 49-50
[6]吴东强,罗幸平.高等级公路边坡绿化防护方法.公路与汽运, 2001, 20(4): 27-28
[7]夏江明.浅谈高速公路环境污染防治对策.浙江交通科技, 2002, 30(1): 15-16
[8]边世斌.榆清高速公路防风固沙与环境保护设计.西北公路, 2002, 15(4): 7-8
[9]王德,雷加强,徐俊荣,等.塔中一号公路防沙体系不同地貌部位风沙危害差异研究.干旱区资源与环境, 2004, 18(5): 29-33
[10]边世斌.榆清高速公路防风固沙与环境保护设计.西北公路, 2002, 30(4): 7-8, 39
[11] T. SAKAI, H. HARADA, X. Q. LIU, et al. Effect of a motorway on mortality and isolation of wildlife populations. AMBIO, 2000, 29(3): 163-166
[12]沈军辉,李永林,王小群,等.二郎山公路隧道泥石流地质灾害及防治.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004, 16(2): 3-5
[13] A. GUENIERI, F. PALMISANO, J. WELL. Strategic Environmental Assessment for Sustainable Development. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 1996, 16(3): 321-335
[14]王海亮,张春禹,何凡,等.半干旱地区高速公路边坡生态恢复技术研究.内蒙古公路与运输, 2006, 20(1): 128-130
[15] C. GEORGE. Assessing Global Impacts at Sector and Project Levels. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 1997, 17(4): 227-247
[16]许自义,陈相国,杨庆贺.公路挖方路段生态恢复.山东林业科技, 2006, 12(3): 57-58
[17]肖念婷,杨军红.公路边坡生物防护与路域生态恢复.湖南城市学院学报, 2006, 15(2): 27-28
[18]董建辉.山区高速公路生态恢复研究.陕西林业科技, 2005, 12(3): 52-54, 74
[19]马少杰,刘国东.高速公路建设水土流失分析及水土保持研究.公路, 2006, 15(10): 128-134
[20]祁有祥,赵强,胡晋茹,等.高速公路建设项目水土保持措施研究.中国水土保持科学, 2006, 4(9): 165-169
[21]王锐亮,何丙辉,张晋平.高速公路水土保持生态恢复——以重庆绕城高速公路南段为例.中国农学通报, 2006, 22(7): 557-559
[22]唐娴.公路边坡植物防护的水土保持机理.水土保持研究, 2006, 13(5): 64-65
[23]李金海.公路建设中水土流失影响及防治措施.重庆环境科学, 2003, 25(2): 42-44
[24]谭秀珍,戴超群.山区公路建设生态保护和水土保持.中南公路工程, 2007, 32(1): 128-130
[25] Z. Y. LI. Lead uptake and effect on seed germination and plant growth in a Pb hyperacumulator. Bull Environ, 1998, 12(6): 61-65
[26]赵勇.公路工程的环保途径.交通标准化, 2005, 6(3): 35-36
[27] L. N. MOSKVIN, J. SIMON, R. P. LOFFLER, et al. Road and railway verges serve as dispersal corridors for grassland plants. Landscape Ecology, 2001, 16(7): 659-666
[28] S. DEKI, Y. AOI, H. YANAGIMOLO, et al. Environmental problems of railway construction and their control countermeasure. Traffic Environment, 2000, 21(5): 39-41
[29] J. ALONSO, J. BARTROLI. Eco-environment protect issues and countermeasures. Highway, 2000, 8(3): 68-72
[30] C. BORREGO, O. TCHEOE, N. BARROS, et al. Impact of road traffic emissions on air quality of Losbon region. Atmospheric Environment , 2000, 34(4): 4683-4690
[31] YILI ZHANG, JIANZHONG YAN. Impact of Qinghai-Xizang Highway on Land Use and Landscape Pattern Change: from Golmud to Tanggulashan Pass. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2002, 57(3): 253-266
[32] QINGBAI WU, WENJUN LI. Computer Simulation and Mapping of the Regional Distribution of Permafrost along the Qinghai Xizang Highway. Gournal of Glaciology Geocryology, 2000, 22(4): 323-326
[33] JIANZHONG YAN. Terrestrial net primary production and its spatio temporal patterns in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Natural Resources, 2005, 17(3): 373-380
[34]江玉林,杜娟.高等级公路生态环境保护问题与对策.公路, 2000, 8(2): 68-72
[35]马世骏.边际效应与边际生态学-现代生态学透视.北京:科技出版社, 2003: 43-45
[36]董常晖,徐燕.公路工程环境影响评价的研究进展.交通环保, 2004, 25(1): 44-47
[37]李铁强.公路工程与环境保护.辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报, 2005, 7(2): 13-15
[38] W. MCDONALD. Elements that promote high-way crossing structure use by small mammals in Banff National Park.. Applied Ecology, 2004, 41(1): 82- 93
[39] A. WHEEL, P. ANGERM. Impacts of new highways and subsequent landscape urbanization on stream habitat and biota. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 2005, 13(3): 141-164
[40] P. L. ANGERMEIER, A. P. WHEELER. A conceptual framework for assessing impacts of roads on aquatic biota. Fisheries, 2004, 29(12): 19-29
[41] D. J. PRICE, W. J. BIRGE. Effectiveness of stream restoration following highway reconstruction projects on two freshwater streams in Kentucky. Ecological Engi-neering, 2005, 25(1): 73-84
[42] LIPING SUN, XINYU ZHAO, XUEMEI GUAN. Study of met hods on highway ecologicalenvironmental assessment. Heilongjiang Jiaotong Keji, 2005, 23(3): 77-78
[43] HONG CHEN, FENGHU WEI. Study of the way on indicator set of ecological assessment of highway. High way and Transport, 2004, 17(4): 89-92
[44] XUDONG YAN. A preliminary st udy on advances of environment impact assessment of high project. Environmental Protection in Transportation, 2004, 25(1): 44-47
[45] GUOZHI HAN, DAOFANG FU. Determination of integrated assessment of Environmental impact’s weight based on Eigenvector of Classification Matrix of highway const ruction project. High-way and Transportation Research and Development, 2004, 21(5): 158-160
[46] P. M. TIKKA. Road and railway verges serve as dispersal corridors for grassland plants. Landscape Ecology, 2001, 16(7): 659-666
[47]吴文伟.浅谈公路工程环保分析与防治措施.黑龙江交通科技, 2005, 3(4): 13-14
[48]王建军,王参军.公路建设项目后评价理论与方法研究.北京:人民交通出版社, 2005:20
[49]祝惠青.公路建设项目后评价指标体系研究.天津理工学院学报, 2004, 20(4): 25-27
[50]康相武,潘伯荣,周华荣.干旱区廊道景观及其研究之管见.干旱地理, 2000, 17(3): 64-70