WC增强Cu基钎涂涂层的绿色技术研究
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摘要
本文选用Cu-Zn-Sn-Ni合金粉状钎料,通过加入-300目WC和-20目～+30目WC,调整其流动性和耐磨性,采用钎剂保护的炉中加热工艺,在Q235A钢表面制备WC颗粒增强的铜基耐磨复合钎涂涂层。通过正交试验法及单因素试验法对影响涂层成型性能的工艺因素进行分析。研究中,通过金相显微分析、扫描电镜分析、显微硬度分析、拉伸试验以及磨损试验,研究WC颗粒增强的铜基耐磨复合钎涂涂层的组织结构、力学性能、结合强度及其耐磨性能,并对其耐磨涂层的磨损机理进行分析,最终对钎涂工艺进行优化,得到了优质的耐磨涂层。
通过对涂层制备工艺因素的分析可知：对涂层成型性能影响较大的因素主要有涂层的加热温度、保温时间以及涂层中-300目WC的含量。其中,通过加入-300目WC,原有钎料中的针状组织转变为以枝状晶为主的组织,提高加热温度、延长保温时间有利于涂层的熔合,可提高涂层的致密度,但是当涂层加热温度升至910℃时,将增加涂层内部产生气孔的风险。
通过数据分析并结合试验验证,确定了-300目WC含量为6wt.%,-20目～+30目WC含量为30wt.%、40wt.%、50wt.%,涂层加热温度为870℃,保温10min的工艺可得到组织结构比较致密的涂层,并通过一系列力学性能测试及磨损试验,可知：WC颗粒增强的铜基耐磨复合钎涂涂层可以显著提高母材的表面耐磨性能,其中,-20目～+30目WC含量越高,涂层耐磨性能越好。
The wear resistant composite coating of two classes of different sized WC particles (-300 mesh and -20～+30 mesh) with Cu-Zn-Sn-Ni filler metals was prepared on the surface of Q235A steel by furnace brazing and protected by flux. Through orthogonal test and one-factor experiment, the factors on coating-forming properties were analyzed. With the aid of microscope SEM and wear test, the coating was analyzed on the microstructure, mechanical properties, bonding strength, wear resistance and mechanism of the Cu-based brazing coating reinforced with WC particles, which process have been optimized.
Through analying the factors on coating-forming properties, the result showd, heating temperature and time,-300 mesh WC content had a significant effect on the coating, adding -300 mesh WC, the original microstructure of the coating was changed from needle to dendrite; raising the temperature and extending the time in the heat, the consistency of the coating was improved; but to 910℃, it would produce pores.
Optimized results showed:the microstructure of the coating, with 6 wt.%-300 mesh WC,30 wt.%,40 wt.% or 50 wt.% -20～+30 mesh WC, for 10min in 870℃, achieved the lowest porosity. Through analying mechanical properties, bonding strength, wear resistance, it showed, the Cu-based brazing coating reinforced with WC particles could greatly improve the wear-resisting performance of the matrix surface, and the more-20～+30 mesh WC in the coating, the better the wear resistant.
通过对涂层制备工艺因素的分析可知：对涂层成型性能影响较大的因素主要有涂层的加热温度、保温时间以及涂层中-300目WC的含量。其中,通过加入-300目WC,原有钎料中的针状组织转变为以枝状晶为主的组织,提高加热温度、延长保温时间有利于涂层的熔合,可提高涂层的致密度,但是当涂层加热温度升至910℃时,将增加涂层内部产生气孔的风险。
通过数据分析并结合试验验证,确定了-300目WC含量为6wt.%,-20目～+30目WC含量为30wt.%、40wt.%、50wt.%,涂层加热温度为870℃,保温10min的工艺可得到组织结构比较致密的涂层,并通过一系列力学性能测试及磨损试验,可知：WC颗粒增强的铜基耐磨复合钎涂涂层可以显著提高母材的表面耐磨性能,其中,-20目～+30目WC含量越高,涂层耐磨性能越好。
The wear resistant composite coating of two classes of different sized WC particles (-300 mesh and -20～+30 mesh) with Cu-Zn-Sn-Ni filler metals was prepared on the surface of Q235A steel by furnace brazing and protected by flux. Through orthogonal test and one-factor experiment, the factors on coating-forming properties were analyzed. With the aid of microscope SEM and wear test, the coating was analyzed on the microstructure, mechanical properties, bonding strength, wear resistance and mechanism of the Cu-based brazing coating reinforced with WC particles, which process have been optimized.
Through analying the factors on coating-forming properties, the result showd, heating temperature and time,-300 mesh WC content had a significant effect on the coating, adding -300 mesh WC, the original microstructure of the coating was changed from needle to dendrite; raising the temperature and extending the time in the heat, the consistency of the coating was improved; but to 910℃, it would produce pores.
Optimized results showed:the microstructure of the coating, with 6 wt.%-300 mesh WC,30 wt.%,40 wt.% or 50 wt.% -20～+30 mesh WC, for 10min in 870℃, achieved the lowest porosity. Through analying mechanical properties, bonding strength, wear resistance, it showed, the Cu-based brazing coating reinforced with WC particles could greatly improve the wear-resisting performance of the matrix surface, and the more-20～+30 mesh WC in the coating, the better the wear resistant.
引文
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[4]RaviJain. Clean technologies:implementation and technology transfer challenges[J]. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,2007,9(2):77～79
[5]AnthonyHeyes, Catherine Liston-Heyes. Regulatory'balancing'and the efficiency of green R&D[J]. Environmental and Resource Economics,1997,9(4):493～507
[6]M. M. Sharma. Science and dividends in the practice of green technology:cleaner and greener is smarter[J]. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,2001,3(1): 2～3
[7]MariaA. Cunha-e-Sa, AnaB. Reis. The Optimal Timing of Adoption of a Green Technology. Environmental and Resource Economics [J],2007,36(1):35～55
[8]Concepcion Jimenez-Gonzalez, AlanD. Curzons, DavidJ. C. Constable, MichaelR. Overcash, VirginiaL. Cunningham. How do you select the "greenest" technology? Development of guidance for the pharmaceutical industry[J]. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,2001,3(1):35～41
[9]段珊珊.如何应对欧盟RoHS、WEEE和EuP环保指令[M]：第一版.北京：中国标准出版社,2007
[10]BoP. Weidema, NielsFrees, Anne-MereteNielsen. Marginal production technologies for life cycle inventories [J]. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,1999, 4(1):48～56
[11]徐滨士,刘世参.中国材料工程大典(第16卷)材料表面工程[M].北京：化学工业出版社：2006
[12]王豫,刘红艳,潘留国.现代表面工程的形成和发展[J].热处理,2000.4：7-12
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[14]陈学定.韩文政.表面涂层技术[J].机械工业出版社.1994(5)：177-183
[15]张菁.化学气相沉积技术发展趋势[J].表面技术.1996；25(2)：1-3
[16]阎洪.金属表面处理新技术[J].冶金工业出版社.1996(10)：138-141
[17]徐有容,王德英,张晓燕.激光熔覆与热喷涂镍基合金层的微观组织和性能[J].功能材料(增刊),1998.10：1073-1077
[18]刘广海.中国热喷涂技术近期发展概况[J].机械工人(热加工),2000.1：3-6
[19]鲍君峰,于月光,刘海飞,曾克里,任先京.三种热喷涂工艺制备WC/Co涂层性能比较[J].有色金属(冶炼部分)2006,4：46-49
[20]Pornthep Chivavibul, Makoto Watanabe, Seiji Kuroda, Jin Kawakita, Masayuki Komatsu, Kazuto Sato, and Junya Kitamura. Development of WC-Co Coatings Deposited by Warm Spray Process[J]. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology,2008,17, (5-6): 750～756
[21]E. Sanchez, E. Bannier, M. D. Salvador, V. Bonache, J. C. Garcia, J. Morgiel and J. Grzonka. Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Conventional and Nanostructured Plasma-Sprayed WC-Co Coatings[J]. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology.2010, 19(5):750～756
[22]王娟.表面堆焊与热喷涂技术[M].北京,化学工业出版社,2004
[23]Blue C A, Blue R A and Lin R Y. Microstructural evolution in joining of TiAl with a liquid Tialloy[J]. Scripta Metallurgica et Materiala,1995,32(1):127～132
[24]陆善平,董秀中,吴庆.NiCrBSi-WC耐磨钎焊涂层的制备[J],金属学报,1999,35(1)：83-85
[25]陆善平,郭义,程亮山.(WC-Co/NiCrBSi)钎焊涂层结合机制及磨损性能研究[J],材料科学与工程,1999,17(2)：46-78
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[27]Shan-Ping Lu, Oh-Yang Kwon. Microstructure and bonding strength of WC reinforced Ni-base alloy brazed composite coating[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology,2002,153:40-48
[28]裴新军,黄继华,张建纲.碳化铬/铁基自熔合金复合涂层真空反应钎涂[J],北京科技大学学报,2006,28(1)：48-50
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