以多羧基阴离子表面活性剂为模板剂合成非层状相介孔四氧化三钴、在温和的条件下合成介孔四氧化三钴纳米晶和以脲醛树脂为前驱体合成介孔碳
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
近年来,由于非硅基介孔材料在某些领域具有巨大的应用前景,受到了人们的特别关注。例如,介孔Co3O4和介孔碳材料。
     四氧化三钴材料是一种重要的磁性P型半导体材料,被发现在气体传感,太阳能工程,可充电锂电池等方面具有很大的应用前景。特别是2000年,Tarascon和他的同伴首次将纳米级氧化钴作为负极材料应用于锂离子电池以来,人们对四氧化三钻进行了广泛的研究,各种结构的纳米四氧化三钴被成功的制备。
     纳米多孔碳材料具有优良的化学,物理和热稳定性,是非常好的能源转换和存储材料。其中,介孔碳作为电极材料引起了人们的广泛关注,由于它具有很高的比表面积,和非常丰富的、用于进行快速传质和离子扩散的孔结构。
     本文我们主要进行了非层状介孔Co3O4和介孔碳的合成研究,具体内容如下:
     1.我们合成了正十八烷基-N-亚氨基二乙酸(SHIDA)、正十二酰基-N-(二羧甲基氨基乙基)-N-(羧基甲基氨基乙基)胺(TCA)和正十二酰基-N,N-二-(二羧甲基氨基乙基)胺(FCA)三种表面活性剂。分别以月桂酸、SHIDA和TCA为模板剂合成了介孔氧化钴,研究了表面活性剂所含羧基数目对其结构的影响。结果显示以TCA为模板剂合成的介孔氧化钴为非层状相,这与Israelachvili提出的分子堆积参数决定介观结构的理论相一致。另外,考察了烧结条件对样品结构的影响,并对控制烧结的样品进行了电化学性能的测试,结果显示其在锂离子电池方面具有很大的应用潜力。
     2.在此,我们介绍了一种经济、温和条件下合成介孔四氧化三钴纳米晶的方法。并且研究了溶液pH值对材料结构的影响。
     3.我们以脲醛树脂为前驱体、三嵌段共聚物F127为结构导向剂,通过溶剂挥发诱导自组装战略成功的合成了介孔碳。同时,考察了烧结温度对样品结构的影响。
Recently, non-siliceous mesoporous materials have been receiving extensive attention duo to great prospects in some areas. For example, mesoporous Co3O4 and mesoporous carbon materials.
     Cobalt oxide, as a p-type semiconductor with spinel structure, has been found to be a promising material in gas-sensing, solar engineering, and rechargeable lithium batteries. Particularly, since nano-sized cobalt oxide was firstly used as negative-electrode material for lithium-ion battery by Tarascon and coworker in 2000, a variety of tricobalt tetraoxide nanostructures have been synthesized.
     Nanoporous carbon materials possess excellent chemical, physical and thermal stability, and are very interesting materials for energy conversion and storage. Especially, mesoporous carbon (MC) attracts broad attention as electrode material due to high specific surface area, abundant mesoporous structure and appropriately porous size for quick mass transfer and ion diffusion.
     This paper focuses on the method of the synthesis of non-layered mesoporous Co3O4 mesoporous carbon. The main content and results are presented below.
     1. We successfully synthesized n-octadecyl-N-iminodiacetic acid (SHIDA) and n-lauroyl-N-(dicarboxymethyl amino ethyl)-N-(carboxymethyl amino ethyl) amine (TCA) and n-lauroyl-N,N-di-(dicarboxymethyl amino ethyl) amine (FCA). We successfully synthesized the mesoporous Co3O4 via specially designed surfactant and also studied the effect of surfactant carboxyl on the synthesis of mesoporous Co3O4 by using lauric acid, SHIDA and TCA as template, separately; and found that mesoporous Co3O4 with non-layered structure prepared by using TCA as template, which was dramatically different from that synthesized by the other two surfactants. This is agreed with the theory raised by Israelachvili. Besides, we preliminarily studied the electrochemical performance of the mesoporous Co3O4, which displayed the material has potential application as anode material for Li ion secondary battery.
     2. In this study, we developed an economically reasonable method, via which mesoporous nanocrystalline Co3O4 can be synthesized conveniently under moderate conditions. In addition, we studied the effect of the pH value of solution on the material structure.
     3. We report a kind of simple and efficient approach to synthesize mesoporous carbon by using urea-formaldehyde resin as a polymer precursor, and amphiphilic block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) is used as structure-directing agent. Then, using evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) strategy, the mesoporous carbon can be introduced through one-step process. Besides, we study the effect of the calcination temperature on the structure of the product.
引文
[1]曾垂省;陈晓明;闫玉华等.化工科技 2004,12,48.
    [2]Beck, J. S.; Vartul, J. C.; Roth, W. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1992,114,10834.
    [3]Huo, Q.; Margolese, D.; Stucky, G D. Chem. Mater.1996,8,1147.
    [4]Monnier, A.; Schuth, F.; Huo, Q. S. Science 1993,261,1299.
    [5]Lin, W. Y.; Pang, W. Q.; Wei, C. P. Chem. J. Chinese Universities 1999,20,1495.
    [6]Inagaki, S.; Koiwai, A.; Suzuki, N. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.1996,69,1449.
    [7]Tanev, P. T.; Pinnavaia, T. J. Science 1995,267,865.
    [8]Beck, J. S.; Vartuli, J. C.; Roth, W. J.; Leonowicz, M. E.; Kresge, C. T.; Schmitt, K. D.; Chu, C. T. W.; Olson, D. H.; Sheppard, E. W.; McCullen, S. B.; Higgins, J. B.; Schlenker, J. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1992,114,10834.
    [9]Vartuli, J. C.; Schmitt, K. D.; Kresge, C. T.; Roth, W. J.; Leonowicz, M. E.; McCullen, S. B.; Hellring, S. D.; Beck, J. S.; Schlenker, J. L.; Olson, D. H.; Sheppard, E. W. Zeolites and Related Microporous Materials:State of the Art 1994 1994,53-60.
    [10]Vartuli, J. C.; Kresge, C. T.; Leonowicz, M. E.; Chu, A. S.; McCullen, S. B.; Johnsen, I. D.; Sheppard, E. W. Chem. Mater.1994,6,2070.
    [11]Edler, K. J; White, J. W. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.1995,155.
    [12]Chatterjee, M.; Iwasaki, T.; Hayashi, H.; Onodera, Y,; Ebina, T.; Nagase, T. Catal. Lett. 1998, 52, 21.
    [13]Wu, C. G.; Bein, T. Chem. Commun. 1996, 8, 925.
    [14]Lin, W. Y.; Chen, Jo S.; Sun, Y.; Pang, W. Q. J. Chem. Soc.,Chem. Commun. 1995, 2367.
    [15]Fyfe, C. A.; Fu, G. Y. J. Am. Chem. Soe. 1995, 117, 9709.
    [16]Gallis, K. W.; Landry, C. C. Chem. Mater. 1997, 9, 2035.
    [17]刘树信;霍冀川;李炜罡.化工新型材料 2004,32,13.
    [18]Yang, P. D.; Zhao, D. Y.; Margolese, D. I.; Chmelka, B. E; Stucky, G. D. Nature 1998, 396, 152.
    [19]MacLachlan, M. J.; Coombs, N.; Ozin, G. A. Nature 1999, 397, 681.
    [20]万颖;王正;马建新.高等学校化学学报 2002,23,1135.
    [21]Mizuno, N.; Hatayama, H.; Uchida, S. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13, 179.
    [22]姚云峰;张迈生;杨燕生.物理化学学报 2001,17,1117.
    [23]Newalkar, B. L.; Komameni, S.; Katsuki, H. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2000, 2, 2389.
    [24]Ryoo, R.; Ko, C. H.; Park, I. S. Chem. Commun. 1999, 12, 1413.
    [25]Wei, Y.; Feng, Q. W.; Xu, J. G. Adv. Mater. 2000, 12, 1448.
    [26]Pang, J. B.; Qiu, K. Y.; Wei, Y. Chem. Commun. 2000, 7, 477.
    [27]Zhao, D. Y.; Feng, J. L.; Huo, Q. S. Science 1998, 279, 548.
    [28]Zhao, D. Y.; Yang, P. D.; Melosh, N.; Feng, J. L.; Chmelka, B. E; Stucky, G. D. Adv. Mater. 1998, 10, 1380.
    [29]Brinker, C. J.; Lu, Y. E; Sellinger, A.; Fan, H. Y. Adv. Mater. 1999, 11,579.
    [30]Melosh, N. A.; Lipic, E; Bates, E S.; Wudl, F.; Stucky, G. D.; Fredrickson, G. H.; Chmelka, B. F. Macromolecules 1999, 32, 4332.
    [31]Melosh, N. A.; Davidson, P.; Chmelka, B. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 823.
    [32]Yang, P. D.; Zhao, D. Y.; Margolese, D. I.; Chmelka, B. F.; Stucky, G. D. Chem. Mater. 1999, 11, 2813.
    [33]Grosso, D.; Illia, G.; Crepaldi, E. L.; Charleux, B.; Sanchez, C. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2003, 13, 37.
    [34]Crepaldi, E. L.; Soler-Illia, G.; Grosso, D.; Albouy, P. A.; Sanchez, C. Chem. Commun.2001,77,1582.
    [35]Ulagappan, N.; Rao, C. N. R. Chem. Commun.1996,14,1685.
    [36]Yada, M.; Takenaka, H.; Machida, M.; Kijima, T. J. Chem. Soc.,Dalton. Trans. 1998,1547.
    [37]Clark, J. H.; Macquarrie, D. J. Chem. Commun.1998,8,853. [38] Huo, Q. S.; Margolese, D. I.; Ciesla, U.; Feng, P. Y.; Gier, T. E.; Sieger, P.; Leon, R.; Petroff, P. M.; Schuth, F.; Stucky, G. D. Nature 1994,368,317.
    [39]徐如人;庞文琴;于吉红.分子筛与多孔材料化学,北京:科学出版社,2004,531-534.
    [40]Kresge, C. T.; Leonowicz, M. E.; Roth, W. J. Nature 1992,359,710.
    [41]Davis; Mark, E. Nature 2002,417,813.
    [42]Cheetham, A. K.; Ferey, G.; Loiseau, T. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.1999,38,3268.
    [43]Huo, Q.; Margolese, D.; Stucky, G. D. Nature 1994,368,317.
    [44]Antonelli, D. M.; Ying, J. Y. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.1995,34,2014.
    [45]Schuth, F. Chem. Mater.2001,13,3184.
    [46]Braun, P. V.; Osenar, P. Stupp, S. I. Nature 1996,380,325.
    [47]Osenar, P.; Braun, P. V.; Stupp, S. I. Adv. Mater.1996,8,1022.
    [48]Tohver, V. Braun, P. V.; Stupp, S. I. Chem. Mater.1997,9,1495.
    [49]Braun, P. V.; Osenar, P.; Stupp, S. I. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1999,121,7302.
    [50]Nandhakumar, L. S.; Gabriel, T.; Li, X. Chem. Commun.2004,12,1374.
    [51]Li, J.; Kessler, H.; Tuilier, M. H. Adv. Mater.1998,10,946.
    [52]Kuemmel, M.; Grosso, D.; Boissiore, C. Angew. Chem. Int.Ed.2005,44,4589.
    [53]Antonelli, D. M.; Ying, J. Y. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.1996,35,426.
    [54]Antonelli, D. M.; Nakahira, A.; Ying, J. Y. Inorg. Chem.1996,35,3126.
    [55]Antonelli, D. M.; Ying J. Y. Chem. Mater.1996,8,874.
    [56]Yada, M.; Ohya, M.; Machida, M. Chem. Commun.1998,18,1941.
    [57]Yada, M.; Kitamura, H.; Machida M. Inorg. Chem.1998,37,6470.
    [58]Jiao, F.; Bruce, P. G. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.2004,43,5958.
    [59]Logothesis, E. M.; Park, R.; Meitzler, A. H.; Laud, K. K. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1975, 26, 209.
    [60]Hutchins, M. G.; Wright, P. J.; Grebenik, P. D. Sol. Energy Mater. 1987, 16, 113.
    [61]Kim, H.; Park, D. W.; Woo, H. C.; Chung, J. S. Appl. Catal. B 1998, 19, 233.
    [62]Bailie, J. F.; Rochester, C. H.; Hutchings, G. J. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1997, 93, 2331.
    [63]Poizot, P.; Laruelle, S.; Grugeon, S.; Dupont, L.; Tarascon, J. M. Nature 2000, 407, 496.
    [64]Lou, X.W.; Deng, D.; Lee, J. Y.; Feng, J.; Archer, L. A. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 258.
    [65]Cao, A. M.; Hu, J. S.; Liang, H. P.; Song, W. G.; Wan, L. J.; He, X. L.; Gao, X. G.; Xia, S. H. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 15858.
    [66]Fu, L.; Liu, Z. M.; Liu, Y. Q.; Han, B. X.; Hu, P. G.; Cao, L. C.; Zhu, D. B. Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 217.
    [67]Rumplecker, A.; Kleitz, F.; Salabas, E. L.; Schuth, F. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 485.
    [68]Li, W. Y.; Xu, L. N.; Chen, J. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 851.
    [69]Yu, T.; Zhu, Y. W.; Xu, X. J.; Shen, Z. X.; Chen, P.; Lim, C. T.; Thong, J. T. L.; Sow, C. H. Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 1595.
    [70]Wang, X.; Chen, X. Y.; Gao, L. S.; Zheng, H. G.; Zhang, Z.; Qian, Y. T. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 16401.
    [71]Li, Y. G.; Tan, B.; Wu, Y. Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 14258.
    [72]He, T.; Chen, D. R.; Jiao, X. L.; Wang, Y. L. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 1078.
    [73]Xu, R.; Zeng, H. C. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 926.
    [74]Wang, Y. Q.; Yang, C. M.; Schmidt, W.; Spliethoff, B.; Bill, E.; Schuth, F. Adv. Mater., 2005, 17, 53.
    [75]Rumplecker, A.; Kleitz, F.; Salabas, E. L.; Schuth, F. Chem. Mater., 2007, 19, 485.
    [76]Tian, B.; Liu, X.; Yang, H.; Xie, S.; Yu, C.; Tu, B.; Zhao, D. Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 1370.
    [77]Shu, P.; Ruan, J. F.; Gao, C. B.; Li, H. C.; Che, S. A. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2009, 123, 314.
    [78]Zhang, Y. G.; Chen, Y. C.; Zhou, J. H.; Wang, T.; Zhao, Y. G. Solid State Communications 2009, 149, 585.
    [79]Shaju, K. M.; Jiao, F.; Debart, A.; Bruce, P. G. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2007, 9, 1837.
    [80]Lou, X. W.; Wang, Y.; Yuan, C.; Lee, J. Y.; Archer, L. A. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 2325.
    [81](1) Kyotani, T. Carbon 2000, 38, 269; (2) Jde, G.; Soler-Illia, A. A.; Sanchez, C.; Lebeau, B.; Patarin, J. Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 4093.
    [82]Ryoo, R.; Joo, S. H.; Jun, S. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 7743.
    [83]Jun, S.; Joo, S. H.; Ryoo, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 10712.
    [84]Rangan, K. K.; Billinge, S. J.; Kanatzidis, M. G. Chem. Mater. 1999, 11, 2629.
    [85]Zhang, W. H.; Liang, C. H.; Sun, H. J.; Shen, Z. Q.; Guan, Y. J.; Ying, P. L.; Li, C. Adv. Mater. 2002, 14, 1776.
    [86]Liang, C. D. Hong, K. L.; Dai, S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 5785.
    [87]Yan, Y.; Zhang, F. Q.; Meng, Y.; Tu, B.; Zhao, D. Y. Chem. Commun. 2007, 27, 2867.
    [88]Gaslain, F. O. M.; Parmentier, J.; Valtchev, V. P.; Patarin, J. Chem. Commun. 2006, 9, 991.
    [1]Israelachvili, J. N.; Mitchell, D. J.; Ninham, B. W. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans.2 1976,72,1525.
    [2]Israelachvili, J. N. Intermolecular & Surface Forces, Academic Press:London, 1991
    [3]徐如人;庞文琴;于吉红.分子筛与多孔材料化学 北京:科学出版社,2004,531-534.
    [4]Cheetham, A. K.; Ferey, G.; Loiseau, T. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed..1999,38,3268.
    [5]Haggman Leif, Lindblad Cecilia, Oskarsson Hans, Ullstrom Ann-Sofi, Persson Ingmar. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2003,125,3631.
    [6]Kumar, P.; Pathak, P. K.; Kushwaha, B. S. Asian J. Chem.2006,18,1055.
    [7]Yang, Z. H. US Pat.0 191 01,2004.
    [1]Poizot, P.; Laruelle, S.; Grugeon, S.; Dupont, L.; Tarascon, J. M. Nature 2000, 407, 496.
    [2]Lou, X.W.; Deng, D.; Lee, J. Y.; Feng, J.; Archer, L. A. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 258.
    [3]Cao, A. M.; Hu, J. S.; Liang, H. P.; Song, W. G.; Wan, L. J.; He, X. L.; Gao, X. G.; Xia, S. H. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 15858.
    [4]Fu, L.; Liu, Z. M.; Liu, Y. Q.; Han, B. X.; Hu, P. G.; Cao, L. C.; Zhu, D. B. Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 217.
    [5]Rumplecker, A.; Kleitz, F.; Salabas, E. L.; Schuth, F. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 485.
    [6]Li, W. Y.; Xu, L. N.; Chen, J. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 851.
    [8]Yu, T.; Zhu, Y. W.; Xu, X. J.; Shen, Z. X.; Chen, P.; Lim, C. T.; Thong, J. T. L.; Sow, C. H. Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 1595.
    [9]Wang, X.; Chen, X. Y.; Gao, L. S.; Zheng, H. G.; Zhang, Z.; Qian, Y. T. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 16401.
    [10]Li, Y. G.; Tan, B.; Wu, Y. Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 14258.
    [11]He, T.; Chen, D. R.; Jiao, X. L.; Wang, Y. L. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 1078.
    [12]Rumplecker, A.; Kleitz, F.; Salabas, E. L.; Schuth, F. Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 485.
    [13]徐如人;庞文琴;于吉红;分子筛与多孔材料化学,北京:科学出版社,2004,531-534.
    [14]姜廷顺;赵谦;陆路德.硅酸盐学报2005,33,1197.
    [15]姜廷顺;赵谦;殷恒波.中国有色金属学报 2006,16,1621.
    [16]Luo, J. Y.; Meng, M.; Li, X.; Li, X. G.; Zha, Y. Q.; Hu, T. Q.; Xie, Y. N.; Zhang, J. Journal of Catalysis, 2005, 254, 310.
    [17](a) Feng, J.; Zeng, H. C. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 17113; (b) Natile, M. M.; Glisenti, A. Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 2502; (c) Ei-Shobaky, G. A.; Ghozza, A. M. Mater. Lett. 2004, 58, 699.
    [18]Wang, Y. Q.; Yang, C. M.; Schmidt, W.; Spliethoff, B.; Bill, E.; Schuth, F. Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 53.
    [19]Sun, C.G.; Tao L.; Liang, H. J.; Huang, C. J.; Zhai, H. S.; Chao, Z. S. Mater. Letter. 2006, 60, 2115.
    [20]Luo, X.; Wu, S.; Liang, Y. Chem. Commun. 2002, 5, 492.
    [21]Tian, B.; Liu, X.; Yang, H.; Xie, S.; Yu, C.; Tu, B.; Zhao, D. Adv. Mater 2003, 15, 1370.
    [22]Zhang, Y. G.; Chen, Y. C.; Zhou, J. H.; Wang, T.; Zhao, Y. G. Solid State Communications 2009, 149, 585.
    [23]Shu, P.; Ruan, J. F.; Gao, C. B.; Li, H. C.; Che, S. C. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2009, 123, 314.
    [24]Shaju, K. M.; Jiao, F.; Debart, A.; Bruce, P. G. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2007, 9, 1837.
    [25]Lou, X. W.; Wang, Y.; Yuan, C.; Lee, J. Y.; Archer, L. A. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 2325.
    [26]IUPAC, Reporting Physisorption Data for Gas/Solid Systems, Pure Appl. Chem. 1957, 87, 603.
    [27]Kang, Y. M.; Song, M. S.; Kim, J. H.; Kima, H. S.; Park, M. S.; Lee, J. Y.; Liu, H. K.; Dou, S. X. Electrochemica. Acta. 2005, 50, 3667.
    [1]Tessmer, S. H.; Glicofridis, P. I.; Ashoori, R. C.; Levitov, L. S.; Melloch, M. R. Nature 1998,392,51.
    [2]Alivisatos, A. P. Science 1996,271,933.
    [3]Spear, W. E.; Tannhauser, D. S. Phys. Rev. B 1973,7,831.
    [4]Zhou, Y. K.; Cao, L.; Zhang, F. B.; He, B. L.; Li, H. L. J. Electrochem. Soc.2003, 150, A1246.
    [5]Jiang, Y.; Wu, Y; Xie, B.; Xie, Y.; Qian, Y. T. Mater. Chem. Phys.2002,74,234.
    [6]Antonelli, D. M.; Ying, J. Y. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.1995,34,2014.
    [7]Li, W. Y.; Xu, L. N.; Chen, J. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005,75,851.
    [8]Logothesis, E. M.; Park, R.; Meitzler, A. H.; Lund, K. K. Appl. Phys. Lett.1975, 26,209.
    [9]Bailie, J. F.; Rochester, C. H.; Hutching, G. J. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans.1997, 93,2331.
    [10]Schmidtszalowski, K.; Krawczyk, K.; Petryk, J. Appl. Catal. A Gen.1998,175, 147.
    [11]Makhlouf, S. A. J. Magn. Magn. Mater.2002,246,184.
    [12](a) Tarasevich, M. R.; Efremov, B. N. Electrodes of ConductiveMetallic Oxides, Part A, Elsevier, Amsterdam,1980, Chapter 5; (b) Singh, R. N.; Koenig, J.F.; Poillerat, G.; Chartier, P. J. Electrochem. Soc.1990,137,1480; (c) Hamdani, M.; Koenig, J. F.; Chartier, P. J. Appl. Electrochem.1988,18,568; (d) Cheng, C. S.; Serizawa, M.; Sakata, H.; Hirayama, T. Mater. Chem. Phys.1998,53,255; (e) Baydi, M. E.; Poillerat, G.; Rehspringer, J. L.; Gautier, J. L.; Koenig, J. F.; Chartier, P. J. Solid State Chem.1994,109,281.
    [13]Warren, B. E. X-Ray Diffraction. New York:Dover; 1969.
    [14]Wang, Y. Q.; Yang, C. M.; Schmidt, W; Spliethoff, B.; Bill, E.; Schuth, F. Adv. Mater.2005,17,53.
    [15]Zhang, H. T.; Chen, X. Y.; Yang, Z. J.; Liu, L. F.; Li, Z. S.; Yu, T.J. Phys. D Appl. Phys.2007,40,4129.
    [16]Cao, L.; Lu, M.; Li, H. L. J. Electrochem. Soc.2005,152, A871.
    [1]Kyotani, T. Carbon,2000,38,269; Jde, G.; Soler-Illia, A. A.; Sanchez, C.; Lebeau, B.; Patarin, J. Chem. Rev.2002,102,4093..
    [2]Ryoo, R.; Joo, S. H.; Jun, S. J. Phy. Chem. B 1999,103,7743.
    [3]Lee, J. S.; Joo, S. H.; Ryoo, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2002,124,1156.
    [4]Kruk, M.; Jaroniec, M.; Ryoo, R.; Joo, S. H. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000,104,7960.
    [5]Zhang, W. H.; Liang, C. H.; Sun, H. J.; Shen, Z. Q.; Guan, Y. J.; Ying, P. L.; Li, C. Adv. Mater.2002,14,1776.
    [6]Yan, Y.; Zhang, F. Q.; Meng, Y.; Tu, B.; Zhao, D. Y. Chem. Commun.2007,27, 2867.
    [7]IUPAC, Reporting Physisorption Data for Gas/Solid Systems, Pure Appl. Chem. 1957,87,603.
    [8]Soler-Illia, G J. A. A.; Crepaldi, E. L.; Grosso, D.; Sanchez, C. Curr. Opinion Colloid Interf. Sci.2003,8,109.
    [9]Hao, Z. X.; Guo, B.; Liu, H.; Gan, L. H.; Xu, Z. X.; Chen, L. W. Microporous Mesoporous Mater.2006,95,350.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700