5kW电动汽车辅助动力系统Bi-DC/DC变流器控制研究
|
摘要
电动汽车的车载能源系统一直是决定和限制电动汽车发展、应用的关键技术,由于动力蓄电池具有的优良特性,使其成为电动汽车最常使用的车载储能元件。但由于目前技术上的限制,动力蓄电池的特性也有明显的局限,如功率密度的限制：电动汽车在起动、加速和爬坡时,蓄电池需要大电流放电,而在制动、减速回收能量时会发生大电流快速充电,这些情况会对蓄电池造成伤害,减少蓄电池寿命。单纯应用蓄电池作为车载储能系统不能完全满足电动汽车的性能需求,本论文选择超级电容和Bi-DC/DC变流器组成电动汽车辅助动力系统,以弥补蓄电池的特性局限,满足性能需求。
论文首先根据电动汽车的需求分析了电动汽车辅助动力系统相应的需求,具体设计了电动汽车辅助动力系统的结构和功能：主要为动力补偿和再生制动能量回收两方面功能。然后提出了电动汽车辅助动力系统整体控制策略,包括Bi-DC/DC变流器控制方法和工作模式切换策略,以实现动力补偿、能量回收两种功能的有效工作和平滑切换。
接着,分别具体设计了电动汽车辅助动力系统在动力补偿模式和能量回收模式下Bi-DC/DC变流器的控制策略,并通过Bi-DC/DC变流器的小信号模型的建立,设计了相应的控制器参数。
最后,通过实验验证了电动汽车辅助动力系统动力补偿功能和能量回收功能,以及两种工作模式间的切换策略,并通过车载实验,证实了电动汽车辅助动力系统的控制及切换策略的正确性和有效性。
Energy storage systems of electric vehicles are key technologies which decide and limit the development and application of electric vehicles. With good characteristics, batteries are often used as power sources of electric vehicles. But the characteristics of battery also have obvious limitations, such as the limitation of power density. When EV fast start, accelerate or climb, battery is discharged in high-current, and when EV brake or slow down, battery is charged in high-current. These situations may damage the battery and reduce battery's lifespan. To meet requirements of EV's power performance, this paper design EV auxiliary power system which is consisting of super capacitor and Bi-DC/DC converter,and it can be applied to make up for the limitations of battery.
Firstly, this paper find corresponding needs of electric vehicle auxiliary power system according to the needs of electric vehicles. Power compensation and regenerative braking energy recovery are two main functions of electric vehicle auxiliary power system. The control strategies of the EV auxiliary power system which is focus on the control method of Bi-DC/DC converter and mode-switching strategies of Bi-DC/DC is designed.
Then the closed-loop parameters of Bi-DC/DC converter in Boost mode and Buck mode are designed.
Finally, experimental is done with a 5kW Bi-DC/DC converter of EV auxiliary power system. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
论文首先根据电动汽车的需求分析了电动汽车辅助动力系统相应的需求,具体设计了电动汽车辅助动力系统的结构和功能：主要为动力补偿和再生制动能量回收两方面功能。然后提出了电动汽车辅助动力系统整体控制策略,包括Bi-DC/DC变流器控制方法和工作模式切换策略,以实现动力补偿、能量回收两种功能的有效工作和平滑切换。
接着,分别具体设计了电动汽车辅助动力系统在动力补偿模式和能量回收模式下Bi-DC/DC变流器的控制策略,并通过Bi-DC/DC变流器的小信号模型的建立,设计了相应的控制器参数。
最后,通过实验验证了电动汽车辅助动力系统动力补偿功能和能量回收功能,以及两种工作模式间的切换策略,并通过车载实验,证实了电动汽车辅助动力系统的控制及切换策略的正确性和有效性。
Energy storage systems of electric vehicles are key technologies which decide and limit the development and application of electric vehicles. With good characteristics, batteries are often used as power sources of electric vehicles. But the characteristics of battery also have obvious limitations, such as the limitation of power density. When EV fast start, accelerate or climb, battery is discharged in high-current, and when EV brake or slow down, battery is charged in high-current. These situations may damage the battery and reduce battery's lifespan. To meet requirements of EV's power performance, this paper design EV auxiliary power system which is consisting of super capacitor and Bi-DC/DC converter,and it can be applied to make up for the limitations of battery.
Firstly, this paper find corresponding needs of electric vehicle auxiliary power system according to the needs of electric vehicles. Power compensation and regenerative braking energy recovery are two main functions of electric vehicle auxiliary power system. The control strategies of the EV auxiliary power system which is focus on the control method of Bi-DC/DC converter and mode-switching strategies of Bi-DC/DC is designed.
Then the closed-loop parameters of Bi-DC/DC converter in Boost mode and Buck mode are designed.
Finally, experimental is done with a 5kW Bi-DC/DC converter of EV auxiliary power system. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
引文
[1]electric vehicle in wikipedia网址http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_vehicle [Z].
[2]Yu A S O, Silva L L C, Chu C L, et al. Electric vehicles: Struggles in creating a market [Z].20111-13.
[3]Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Ali Emadi著,倪光正,倪培洪,熊素铭译.现代电动汽车、混合动力汽车和燃料电池汽车——基本原理、理论和设计.北京：机械工业出版社,2010.8
[4]阿布都拉阿布里提,清水健一.电动汽车的发展现状和开发动向[J].电工电能新技术.2001(1)：49-53.
[5]陈全世.先进电动汽车技术[M].第1版.北京：化学工业出版社,2007
[6]杨盛毅,文方.超级电容器综述[J].现代机械,2009年4期[J].
[7]杨红生,周啸.电化学电容器最新研究进展：1.双电层电容器[J].电子元件与材料,2003年2期[J].
[8]Conway, B.E.; Transition from super-capacitor to battery behavior in electrochemical energy storagefC]. Power Sources Symposium,1990, Proceedings of the 34th International25-28 June 1990 Page(s):319-327[J].
[9]Lukic, S.Charging ahead[J]. Industrial Electronics Magazine, IEEE Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2008 Page(s):22-31[J].
[10]Flywheel energy storage in wikipedia 网址http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flywheel_energy_storage [Z].
[11]Report prepared by EG&G Services, Parsons, Inc. and Science Applications International Corporation under contract no. DE-AM26-99FT40575 for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, " Fuel Cell Handbook,5th Edition," October 2000[J].
[12]Ryan O'Hayre, Suk-Won Cha, Whitney Colella and Fritz B Prinz, " Fuel Cell Fundamentals," John Wiley & Sons Ltd.2006[J].
[13]李福文.复合电源的参数匹配和控制策略研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文.2005
[14]陈清泉,孙逢春,祝嘉光.现代电动汽车技术[M].第1版.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2002
[15]许海平,孙昌富,马刚,等.基于DSP的燃料电池车用双向DC-DC变换器的研究[J].电气自动化.2004(3)：33-35.
[16]陈清泉,詹宜巨著.21世纪的绿色交通工具：电动车[M].北京：清华大学大学出版社,广州：暨南大学出版社2000
[17]Battery (electricity) in wikipedia网址http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity)[Z].
[18]科士达公司得能系列铅酸蓄电池产品说明书[Z].
[19]Schupbach R M, Balda J C. The role of ultra-capacitors in an energy storage unit for vehicle power management[Z].2003 3236-3240.
[20]Dai H, Chang X. A Study on Lead Acid Battery and Ultra-capacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Hybrid City Bus[Z].2010154-159.
[21]Chan C C. The state of the art of electric and hybrid vehicles [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE.2002,90(2): 247-275.
[22]Jahns T M, Blasko V. Recent advances in power electronics technology for industrial and traction machine drives[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE.2001,89(6):963-975.
[23]陶钧炳.混合动力汽车DC-DC变流器设计研究[D].浙江大学,2010.
[24]李贵远,陈勇.动力电池与超级电容混合驱动系统设计与仿真[J].系统仿真学报.2007(1)：101-105.
[25]Wei W, Yim-Shu L, Hoi Lam Chow M, et al. Interleaved boost converter with zero diode reverse-recovery loss[J]. Aerospace and Electronic Systems, IEEE Transactions on.2004,40(4):1271-1285.
[26]Jinrui, N Zhifu, W Qinglian, R. Simulation and analysis of performance of a pure electric vehicle with a supercapacitor[J]. Vehicle power and propulsion conference.2006(02):1-6
[27]Baumann Bernd M, Washington Gregory, Glenn Bradley C,et al. Mechatronic design and control of hybrid electric vehicles [J].IEEE/ASME Transactions on mechatronics.2000(1):58-72
[28]Burke, A. F. Batteries and ultra-capacitor for electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicle [J].Proceedings of the IEEE.2007 (04):806-802
[29]Wensong Yu, Hao Qian, Jin-Sheng Lai. "Design of High-Efficiency Bidirectional DC/DC Converter and High-Precision Efficiency Measurement".34th Annual Conference of IEEE,2008,685-690.
[30]Y. HU, J.Tatler, Z. Chen, "A Bi-directional DC/DC Power Electronic Converter for An Energy Storage Device in An Autonomous Power System", Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference,2004. IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Publication Date:14-16 Aug.2004 Volume:1, On page(s):171-176 Vol.1
[31]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模与控制.机械工业出版社,2005年11月第1版
[32]Nelms R.M; cahela,D.R; Newssom,R.L; Tatarchuk,B.J.A comparison of two equivalent circuits for double-layer capacitors[C].APEC,1999.2:692-698
[33]朱选才.燃料电池发电系统功率变换及能量管理[D].杭州,浙江大学,2009
[2]Yu A S O, Silva L L C, Chu C L, et al. Electric vehicles: Struggles in creating a market [Z].20111-13.
[3]Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Ali Emadi著,倪光正,倪培洪,熊素铭译.现代电动汽车、混合动力汽车和燃料电池汽车——基本原理、理论和设计.北京：机械工业出版社,2010.8
[4]阿布都拉阿布里提,清水健一.电动汽车的发展现状和开发动向[J].电工电能新技术.2001(1)：49-53.
[5]陈全世.先进电动汽车技术[M].第1版.北京：化学工业出版社,2007
[6]杨盛毅,文方.超级电容器综述[J].现代机械,2009年4期[J].
[7]杨红生,周啸.电化学电容器最新研究进展：1.双电层电容器[J].电子元件与材料,2003年2期[J].
[8]Conway, B.E.; Transition from super-capacitor to battery behavior in electrochemical energy storagefC]. Power Sources Symposium,1990, Proceedings of the 34th International25-28 June 1990 Page(s):319-327[J].
[9]Lukic, S.Charging ahead[J]. Industrial Electronics Magazine, IEEE Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2008 Page(s):22-31[J].
[10]Flywheel energy storage in wikipedia 网址http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flywheel_energy_storage [Z].
[11]Report prepared by EG&G Services, Parsons, Inc. and Science Applications International Corporation under contract no. DE-AM26-99FT40575 for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, " Fuel Cell Handbook,5th Edition," October 2000[J].
[12]Ryan O'Hayre, Suk-Won Cha, Whitney Colella and Fritz B Prinz, " Fuel Cell Fundamentals," John Wiley & Sons Ltd.2006[J].
[13]李福文.复合电源的参数匹配和控制策略研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文.2005
[14]陈清泉,孙逢春,祝嘉光.现代电动汽车技术[M].第1版.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2002
[15]许海平,孙昌富,马刚,等.基于DSP的燃料电池车用双向DC-DC变换器的研究[J].电气自动化.2004(3)：33-35.
[16]陈清泉,詹宜巨著.21世纪的绿色交通工具：电动车[M].北京：清华大学大学出版社,广州：暨南大学出版社2000
[17]Battery (electricity) in wikipedia网址http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity)[Z].
[18]科士达公司得能系列铅酸蓄电池产品说明书[Z].
[19]Schupbach R M, Balda J C. The role of ultra-capacitors in an energy storage unit for vehicle power management[Z].2003 3236-3240.
[20]Dai H, Chang X. A Study on Lead Acid Battery and Ultra-capacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Hybrid City Bus[Z].2010154-159.
[21]Chan C C. The state of the art of electric and hybrid vehicles [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE.2002,90(2): 247-275.
[22]Jahns T M, Blasko V. Recent advances in power electronics technology for industrial and traction machine drives[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE.2001,89(6):963-975.
[23]陶钧炳.混合动力汽车DC-DC变流器设计研究[D].浙江大学,2010.
[24]李贵远,陈勇.动力电池与超级电容混合驱动系统设计与仿真[J].系统仿真学报.2007(1)：101-105.
[25]Wei W, Yim-Shu L, Hoi Lam Chow M, et al. Interleaved boost converter with zero diode reverse-recovery loss[J]. Aerospace and Electronic Systems, IEEE Transactions on.2004,40(4):1271-1285.
[26]Jinrui, N Zhifu, W Qinglian, R. Simulation and analysis of performance of a pure electric vehicle with a supercapacitor[J]. Vehicle power and propulsion conference.2006(02):1-6
[27]Baumann Bernd M, Washington Gregory, Glenn Bradley C,et al. Mechatronic design and control of hybrid electric vehicles [J].IEEE/ASME Transactions on mechatronics.2000(1):58-72
[28]Burke, A. F. Batteries and ultra-capacitor for electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicle [J].Proceedings of the IEEE.2007 (04):806-802
[29]Wensong Yu, Hao Qian, Jin-Sheng Lai. "Design of High-Efficiency Bidirectional DC/DC Converter and High-Precision Efficiency Measurement".34th Annual Conference of IEEE,2008,685-690.
[30]Y. HU, J.Tatler, Z. Chen, "A Bi-directional DC/DC Power Electronic Converter for An Energy Storage Device in An Autonomous Power System", Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference,2004. IPEMC 2004. The 4th International Publication Date:14-16 Aug.2004 Volume:1, On page(s):171-176 Vol.1
[31]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模与控制.机械工业出版社,2005年11月第1版
[32]Nelms R.M; cahela,D.R; Newssom,R.L; Tatarchuk,B.J.A comparison of two equivalent circuits for double-layer capacitors[C].APEC,1999.2:692-698
[33]朱选才.燃料电池发电系统功率变换及能量管理[D].杭州,浙江大学,2009