超级电容器储能系统中双向DC/DC变流器设计
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摘要
随着经济的发展,人类对电力的质量和可靠性的要求越来越高。而未来电网面临的一个重要问题是电网发电和电网负荷的不平衡,因而在用户负荷端加载储能系统解决电能供需不平衡是一件很有意义的事情。
本文介绍了应用于电力系统中的各种储能技术;介绍了双电层型超级电容器的器件本体;介绍了超级电容器储能系统的各种典型应用;并介绍了应用于超级电容器储能系统中的各种双向DC/DC变流器。由于超级电容器的单体储能量有限,超级电容器储能系统需要一定数量的超级电容器串并联组合来达到所需要的储能量,这就需要对超级电容器的一般等效电路有所了解,本文介绍了超级电容器的各种等效电路,并采用其中一种等效电路研究超级电容器组的串并联组合方法。
搭建了一个小的超级电容器储能系统。对搭建的超级电容器储能系统的超级电容器组,主电路硬件和控制电路硬件进行了设计,由于超级电容器储能系统主要应用于解决电能的供需不平衡,所以超级电容器储能系统中的双向DC/DC变流器有两种工作模式:超级电容器组从电网吸收能量储能时,双向DC/DC变流器工作于Buck电路模式:超级电容器组向电网释放能量时,双向DC/DC变流工作于Boost电路模式。本文对双向DC/DC变流器的两种工作模式进行了建模分析,并根据实际系统的参数,设计了闭环参数。最后对超级电容器储能系统的两种工作模式进行了实验。实验结果表明,通过对超级电容器储能系统中超级电容器组的设计和双向DC/DC变换器的闭环控制参数设计,超级电容器储能系统能够实现解决电能供需不平衡。
With the development of economic, the power quality and reliability have becoming more and more important to human. And the problem of the power system is the imbalance of power generation and grid load, so adding energy storage system at the user load side to solve the power imbalance problem between supply and demand is a very significant thing.
In this paper, the storage technologies used in power systems were introduced; The super-capacitor device and the typical applications of super-capacitor energy storage system were introduced; and the various kinds of bi-directional DC/DC converter for the super-capacitor energy storage system were introduced. Because of the single super-capacitor storage energy limit, Super-capacitor energy storage system needs a certain number of super-capacitor series-parallel combined to achieve the required storage energy. This paper introduced all kinds of super-capacitor equivalent circuit by referencing to the literature, and introduced a series-parallel combination methods of the super-capacitor bank using one of the equivalent circuit.
A small super-capacitor energy storage system is built. The super-capacitor bank, the main circuit hardware and the control circuit hardware used in super- capacitor energy storage system is designed. Because the super-capacitor energy storage system used in this paper is to solve the problem of the imbalance between energy supply and demand. So, the bi-directional DC/DC converter used in the super-capacitor energy storage system has two operating modes: When the super-capacitor energy storage system absorbed energy from the grid, the bi-directional DC/DC converter works in Buck mode. When the super-capacitor energy storage system release energy to the grid, the bi-directional DC/DC converter works in Boost mode. This paper modeling the bi-directional DC/DC converter in the two operating mode, at the same time, according to the system parameters, the closed-loop parameters is designed. Finally, experimental is done when the super-capacitor energy storage system in the working two mode, simulation and experimental results show that through the design of thesuper-capacitor bank and the bi-directional DC/DC converter closed-loop controlparameters in the super-capacitor energy storage system, the super-capacitor energystorage system can solve the problem of power imbalance between supply anddemand.
本文介绍了应用于电力系统中的各种储能技术;介绍了双电层型超级电容器的器件本体;介绍了超级电容器储能系统的各种典型应用;并介绍了应用于超级电容器储能系统中的各种双向DC/DC变流器。由于超级电容器的单体储能量有限,超级电容器储能系统需要一定数量的超级电容器串并联组合来达到所需要的储能量,这就需要对超级电容器的一般等效电路有所了解,本文介绍了超级电容器的各种等效电路,并采用其中一种等效电路研究超级电容器组的串并联组合方法。
搭建了一个小的超级电容器储能系统。对搭建的超级电容器储能系统的超级电容器组,主电路硬件和控制电路硬件进行了设计,由于超级电容器储能系统主要应用于解决电能的供需不平衡,所以超级电容器储能系统中的双向DC/DC变流器有两种工作模式:超级电容器组从电网吸收能量储能时,双向DC/DC变流器工作于Buck电路模式:超级电容器组向电网释放能量时,双向DC/DC变流工作于Boost电路模式。本文对双向DC/DC变流器的两种工作模式进行了建模分析,并根据实际系统的参数,设计了闭环参数。最后对超级电容器储能系统的两种工作模式进行了实验。实验结果表明,通过对超级电容器储能系统中超级电容器组的设计和双向DC/DC变换器的闭环控制参数设计,超级电容器储能系统能够实现解决电能供需不平衡。
With the development of economic, the power quality and reliability have becoming more and more important to human. And the problem of the power system is the imbalance of power generation and grid load, so adding energy storage system at the user load side to solve the power imbalance problem between supply and demand is a very significant thing.
In this paper, the storage technologies used in power systems were introduced; The super-capacitor device and the typical applications of super-capacitor energy storage system were introduced; and the various kinds of bi-directional DC/DC converter for the super-capacitor energy storage system were introduced. Because of the single super-capacitor storage energy limit, Super-capacitor energy storage system needs a certain number of super-capacitor series-parallel combined to achieve the required storage energy. This paper introduced all kinds of super-capacitor equivalent circuit by referencing to the literature, and introduced a series-parallel combination methods of the super-capacitor bank using one of the equivalent circuit.
A small super-capacitor energy storage system is built. The super-capacitor bank, the main circuit hardware and the control circuit hardware used in super- capacitor energy storage system is designed. Because the super-capacitor energy storage system used in this paper is to solve the problem of the imbalance between energy supply and demand. So, the bi-directional DC/DC converter used in the super-capacitor energy storage system has two operating modes: When the super-capacitor energy storage system absorbed energy from the grid, the bi-directional DC/DC converter works in Buck mode. When the super-capacitor energy storage system release energy to the grid, the bi-directional DC/DC converter works in Boost mode. This paper modeling the bi-directional DC/DC converter in the two operating mode, at the same time, according to the system parameters, the closed-loop parameters is designed. Finally, experimental is done when the super-capacitor energy storage system in the working two mode, simulation and experimental results show that through the design of thesuper-capacitor bank and the bi-directional DC/DC converter closed-loop controlparameters in the super-capacitor energy storage system, the super-capacitor energystorage system can solve the problem of power imbalance between supply anddemand.
引文
[1]文劲宇,孙海顺.储能技术及其在现代电力系统中的应用[J].电气应用,24(4)1-8
[2]Ribeiro,P.F;Johnson,B.K;Crow,M.L;Arsoy,A;Liu,Y.Energy storage systems for advanced power applications[C].Proceedings of the IEEE Volume 89,Issue 12,Dec.2001 Page(s):1744-1756
[3]储能技术在电力系统中的应用的可行性报告终稿.2009-7-16,浙江大学,电气学院
[4]张杜鹊,欧阳海.超级电容器在电动汽车上的应用[J].天津汽车-2009年6期
[5]王鑫,郭佳欢,谢清华,黄伟.超级电容器在微电网中的应用[J].电网技术,2009年6期
[6]Moreno,J;Ortuzar,M.E;Dixon,J.W.Energy-management system for a hybrid electric vehicle,using ultra-capacitors and neural networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,Volume 53,Issue 2,April 2006 Page(s):614-623
[7]Halpin,S.M;Spyker,R.L;Nelms,R.M;Burch,R.F.Application of double-layer capacitor technology to static condensers for distribution system voltage control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,Volume 11,Issue 4,Nov.1996 Page(s):1899-1904
[8]韩民晓,尤勇,刘昊,线电压补偿型动态电压调节器(DVR)的原理与实现[J].中国电机工程学报.第23卷第12期,2003年12月
[9]Banos,C;Aten,M;Cartwright,P;Green,T.C.Benefits and control of STATCOM with energy storage in wind power generation[C].AC and DC Power Transmission,2006.ACDC 2006.The 8th IEE International Conference on,28-31 March 2006 Page(s):230-235
[10]P.D.Lund and J.V.Paatero.Energy storage options for improving wind power quality.Nordic wind power conference,22-23 may,2006,espoo,Funland
[11]张芳华,朱成花,严仰光.双向DC-DC变换器的控制模型[J].中国电机工程学报,25(11)46-49
[12]许海平.大功率双向DC-DC变换器拓扑结构及其分析理论研究[D].中科院电工所
[13]陈刚.软开关双向DC-DC变换器的研究[D].浙江大学
[14]杨盛毅,文方.超级电容器综述[J].现代机械,2009年4期
[15]杨红生,周啸.电化学电容器最新研究进展:Ⅰ.双电层电容器[J].电子元件与材料,2003年2期
[16]Lukic,S.Charging ahead[J].Industrial Electronics Magazine,IEEE Volume 2,Issue 4,December 2008 Page(s):22-31
[17]Conway,B.E.;Transition from super-capacitor to.battery behavior in electrochemical energy storage[C].Power Sources Symposium,1990,Proceedings of the 34th International25-28 June 1990 Page(s):319-327
[18]南金瑞,王建群,孙逢春.电动汽车能量管理系统的研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2005年5期
[19]唐西胜.超级电容器储能应用于分布式发电系统的能量管理及稳定性研究[D].中科院电工所
[20]罗曼,张丹丹,何俊佳.降低双电层电容器等效串联内阻的研究进展[J].高电压技术,2005年12期
[21]Sarangapani S,TilakB V,Chen C P.Materials for electrochemical capacitors[J].J Electrochemical Society,1996,143(11):3791-3795
[22]levie RD.On porous electrodes in electronic solution[J].Eleetrochemical Acta,1963,3(8):751-780
[23]SpykerR I.Nelms R M,Merryrnan S I.Evaluation of double layer capacitors for power electronic application[C].APEC'96 Conference Proceedings.1996,2(3):725-730
[24]钟海云,李荐,将催玲等.双电层电容器的研制[J].电子元器件与材 料,2001,20(10):3-5
[25]Nelms R.M;cahela,D.R;Newssom,R.L;Tatarchuk,B.J.A comparison of two equivalent circuits for double-layer capacitors[C].APEC,1999.2:692-698
[26]李海东.超级电容器模块化技术的研究[D].中科院电工所
[27]张慧燕.超级电容器直流储能系统分析与控制技术的研究[D].中科院电工所
[28]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.电子工业出版社,2004年9月第1版
[29]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模与控制.机械工业出版社,2005年11月第1版
[30]祁才君.数字信号处理技术的算法分析与应用.机械工业出版社,2005年11月第1版
[31]杨成林.三相逆变器DSP控制技术研究[S].杭州,浙江大学,2003
[32]李宵,胡长生,刘昌金,徐德鸿.基于超级电容储能的风电场功率调节系统建模与控制[J].电力系统自动化,33(9)86-90
[33]尹忠东,彭军.超级电容储能的并联电能质量调节器[J].《四川电力技术》.2005年28卷1期
[34]唐西胜,齐智平.独立光伏系统中超级电容器蓄电池有源混合储能方案的研究[J].电工电能新技术,第25卷第三期,2006.7
[35]Spyker,R,L;Nelms,R.M.Optimization of double-layer capacitor arrays[J].Industry Applications,IEEE Transactions.2000:194-198
[36]Srithorn,P;Sumner,M;Liangzhong Yao;Parashar,R.The control of a STATCOM with super-capacitor energy storage for improved power quality[C].Smart Grids for Distribution,2008.Iet-cired,cired Seminar.23-24 June 2008 Page(s):1-4
[37]朱选才.燃料电池发电系统功率变换及能量管理[D].杭州,浙江大学,2009
[38]蒋静坪.实时控制系统.浙江大学出版社,1992年4月第1版
[39]张桂香.计算机控制技术.电子科技大学出版社,1999年5月第1版
[2]Ribeiro,P.F;Johnson,B.K;Crow,M.L;Arsoy,A;Liu,Y.Energy storage systems for advanced power applications[C].Proceedings of the IEEE Volume 89,Issue 12,Dec.2001 Page(s):1744-1756
[3]储能技术在电力系统中的应用的可行性报告终稿.2009-7-16,浙江大学,电气学院
[4]张杜鹊,欧阳海.超级电容器在电动汽车上的应用[J].天津汽车-2009年6期
[5]王鑫,郭佳欢,谢清华,黄伟.超级电容器在微电网中的应用[J].电网技术,2009年6期
[6]Moreno,J;Ortuzar,M.E;Dixon,J.W.Energy-management system for a hybrid electric vehicle,using ultra-capacitors and neural networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,Volume 53,Issue 2,April 2006 Page(s):614-623
[7]Halpin,S.M;Spyker,R.L;Nelms,R.M;Burch,R.F.Application of double-layer capacitor technology to static condensers for distribution system voltage control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,Volume 11,Issue 4,Nov.1996 Page(s):1899-1904
[8]韩民晓,尤勇,刘昊,线电压补偿型动态电压调节器(DVR)的原理与实现[J].中国电机工程学报.第23卷第12期,2003年12月
[9]Banos,C;Aten,M;Cartwright,P;Green,T.C.Benefits and control of STATCOM with energy storage in wind power generation[C].AC and DC Power Transmission,2006.ACDC 2006.The 8th IEE International Conference on,28-31 March 2006 Page(s):230-235
[10]P.D.Lund and J.V.Paatero.Energy storage options for improving wind power quality.Nordic wind power conference,22-23 may,2006,espoo,Funland
[11]张芳华,朱成花,严仰光.双向DC-DC变换器的控制模型[J].中国电机工程学报,25(11)46-49
[12]许海平.大功率双向DC-DC变换器拓扑结构及其分析理论研究[D].中科院电工所
[13]陈刚.软开关双向DC-DC变换器的研究[D].浙江大学
[14]杨盛毅,文方.超级电容器综述[J].现代机械,2009年4期
[15]杨红生,周啸.电化学电容器最新研究进展:Ⅰ.双电层电容器[J].电子元件与材料,2003年2期
[16]Lukic,S.Charging ahead[J].Industrial Electronics Magazine,IEEE Volume 2,Issue 4,December 2008 Page(s):22-31
[17]Conway,B.E.;Transition from super-capacitor to.battery behavior in electrochemical energy storage[C].Power Sources Symposium,1990,Proceedings of the 34th International25-28 June 1990 Page(s):319-327
[18]南金瑞,王建群,孙逢春.电动汽车能量管理系统的研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2005年5期
[19]唐西胜.超级电容器储能应用于分布式发电系统的能量管理及稳定性研究[D].中科院电工所
[20]罗曼,张丹丹,何俊佳.降低双电层电容器等效串联内阻的研究进展[J].高电压技术,2005年12期
[21]Sarangapani S,TilakB V,Chen C P.Materials for electrochemical capacitors[J].J Electrochemical Society,1996,143(11):3791-3795
[22]levie RD.On porous electrodes in electronic solution[J].Eleetrochemical Acta,1963,3(8):751-780
[23]SpykerR I.Nelms R M,Merryrnan S I.Evaluation of double layer capacitors for power electronic application[C].APEC'96 Conference Proceedings.1996,2(3):725-730
[24]钟海云,李荐,将催玲等.双电层电容器的研制[J].电子元器件与材 料,2001,20(10):3-5
[25]Nelms R.M;cahela,D.R;Newssom,R.L;Tatarchuk,B.J.A comparison of two equivalent circuits for double-layer capacitors[C].APEC,1999.2:692-698
[26]李海东.超级电容器模块化技术的研究[D].中科院电工所
[27]张慧燕.超级电容器直流储能系统分析与控制技术的研究[D].中科院电工所
[28]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.电子工业出版社,2004年9月第1版
[29]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模与控制.机械工业出版社,2005年11月第1版
[30]祁才君.数字信号处理技术的算法分析与应用.机械工业出版社,2005年11月第1版
[31]杨成林.三相逆变器DSP控制技术研究[S].杭州,浙江大学,2003
[32]李宵,胡长生,刘昌金,徐德鸿.基于超级电容储能的风电场功率调节系统建模与控制[J].电力系统自动化,33(9)86-90
[33]尹忠东,彭军.超级电容储能的并联电能质量调节器[J].《四川电力技术》.2005年28卷1期
[34]唐西胜,齐智平.独立光伏系统中超级电容器蓄电池有源混合储能方案的研究[J].电工电能新技术,第25卷第三期,2006.7
[35]Spyker,R,L;Nelms,R.M.Optimization of double-layer capacitor arrays[J].Industry Applications,IEEE Transactions.2000:194-198
[36]Srithorn,P;Sumner,M;Liangzhong Yao;Parashar,R.The control of a STATCOM with super-capacitor energy storage for improved power quality[C].Smart Grids for Distribution,2008.Iet-cired,cired Seminar.23-24 June 2008 Page(s):1-4
[37]朱选才.燃料电池发电系统功率变换及能量管理[D].杭州,浙江大学,2009
[38]蒋静坪.实时控制系统.浙江大学出版社,1992年4月第1版
[39]张桂香.计算机控制技术.电子科技大学出版社,1999年5月第1版