三相交错并联DC/DC变换器的拓扑优化与设计
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摘要
太阳能是一种清洁高效的能源,以其无污染、可再生、不受地域限制等优点,正得到迅速的推广与应用。在世界能源危机和环境恶化日益严重的今天,更好的开发利用太阳能等可再生能源以实现可持续发展变得至关重要。随着光伏电池和电力电子技术的不断发展,太阳能光伏发电已成为新能源利用的主要形式之一。太阳能光伏发电系统主要由太阳能电池板、DC/DC变换器、逆变器等几部分组成。
现在的DC/DC变换器主要以单相全桥拓扑的形式为主。虽然也有一些多相变换器,但是其主要应用于高电压小电流输入的场合,并且这些变换器的设备特性并不适合低电压大电流输入的场合,例如太阳能光伏发电。基于此本文选择分析研究了一种新颖的能应用于太阳能光伏发电的三相六桥臂DC/DC变换器。其通过多相交错并联而不是多个器件并联的方式来提高变换器的功率等级,并且其变压器为△-Y连接方式,从而能够升高输出电压,减小变压器的绕组比例。同时因为交错并联的控制方式,其经过全桥整流后的输出电压的纹波频率是开关频率的6倍,从而能够减小输出滤波器的尺寸。
本文对这种DC/DC变换器进行了建模分析,并得到控制角度α到输出电压Vout之间的传递函数。本文分析了单电压环控制方式,电压外环电流内环控制方式及带电流截止负反馈电压环控制方式的参数设计。并用PSIM仿真软件对这三种控制方式下的电路进行仿真,而且仿真分析了在带逆变器负载的情况下,带电流截止负反馈电压环控制方式下,DC/DC变换器的输出电压波动情况。最后根据对系统参数的设计及仿真结果的分析,对DC/DC变换器的部分硬件电路进行了设计。
Solar energy is one of clean, highly-efficient resources. It is pollution-free, renewable and not limited by regions, so it has been quickly popularized and applied. Because of the world energy crisis and environmental deterioration, it is vital to develop and utilize the renewable sources (for example:solar energy) for sustainable development. With the development of solar cell and power electronics, photovoltaic power generation has become to a main way of utilizing new energy resource. Photovoltaic system consists of solar cell, dc/dc converter and inverter.
At present, the single-phase full-bridge converter is the dominant topology in high power dc/dc applications. Although multiphase converters have been proposed, most of them are used in high input-voltage, low input-current systems, which is not suitable for a low voltage, high current system such as photovoltaic system. This paper analyzes a novel three-phase six-leg dc/dc power converter used in low input-voltage, high input-current system. Power rating of the converter is increased by multiphase interleaving, not by multiple devices in parallel, and its transformer isΔ-Y connection, so it can double the output voltage and lower the turns-ratio of transformer. Because of the interleaved control, the frequency of output voltage is six times higher than the frequency of switches, so the size of output filter can be reduced.
This dissertation also analyzes the model of the dc/dc converter and gets the transfer function between control degree a and output voltage Vout. This paper discusses the parameters design of single voltage loop control, inner current loop-outer voltage loop control and voltage loop with current cut-off feedback, and simulates the circuit of three control methods by PSIM software. the dc/dc converter under inverter-load condition is also simulated, through control method of voltage loop with current cut-off feedback. Finally, according to parameter design and simulation results, several parts of the hardware designs are analyzed
现在的DC/DC变换器主要以单相全桥拓扑的形式为主。虽然也有一些多相变换器,但是其主要应用于高电压小电流输入的场合,并且这些变换器的设备特性并不适合低电压大电流输入的场合,例如太阳能光伏发电。基于此本文选择分析研究了一种新颖的能应用于太阳能光伏发电的三相六桥臂DC/DC变换器。其通过多相交错并联而不是多个器件并联的方式来提高变换器的功率等级,并且其变压器为△-Y连接方式,从而能够升高输出电压,减小变压器的绕组比例。同时因为交错并联的控制方式,其经过全桥整流后的输出电压的纹波频率是开关频率的6倍,从而能够减小输出滤波器的尺寸。
本文对这种DC/DC变换器进行了建模分析,并得到控制角度α到输出电压Vout之间的传递函数。本文分析了单电压环控制方式,电压外环电流内环控制方式及带电流截止负反馈电压环控制方式的参数设计。并用PSIM仿真软件对这三种控制方式下的电路进行仿真,而且仿真分析了在带逆变器负载的情况下,带电流截止负反馈电压环控制方式下,DC/DC变换器的输出电压波动情况。最后根据对系统参数的设计及仿真结果的分析,对DC/DC变换器的部分硬件电路进行了设计。
Solar energy is one of clean, highly-efficient resources. It is pollution-free, renewable and not limited by regions, so it has been quickly popularized and applied. Because of the world energy crisis and environmental deterioration, it is vital to develop and utilize the renewable sources (for example:solar energy) for sustainable development. With the development of solar cell and power electronics, photovoltaic power generation has become to a main way of utilizing new energy resource. Photovoltaic system consists of solar cell, dc/dc converter and inverter.
At present, the single-phase full-bridge converter is the dominant topology in high power dc/dc applications. Although multiphase converters have been proposed, most of them are used in high input-voltage, low input-current systems, which is not suitable for a low voltage, high current system such as photovoltaic system. This paper analyzes a novel three-phase six-leg dc/dc power converter used in low input-voltage, high input-current system. Power rating of the converter is increased by multiphase interleaving, not by multiple devices in parallel, and its transformer isΔ-Y connection, so it can double the output voltage and lower the turns-ratio of transformer. Because of the interleaved control, the frequency of output voltage is six times higher than the frequency of switches, so the size of output filter can be reduced.
This dissertation also analyzes the model of the dc/dc converter and gets the transfer function between control degree a and output voltage Vout. This paper discusses the parameters design of single voltage loop control, inner current loop-outer voltage loop control and voltage loop with current cut-off feedback, and simulates the circuit of three control methods by PSIM software. the dc/dc converter under inverter-load condition is also simulated, through control method of voltage loop with current cut-off feedback. Finally, according to parameter design and simulation results, several parts of the hardware designs are analyzed
引文
[1]高峰,孙成权,刘全根.太阳能开发利用的现状及发展趋势[M].世界科技研究与发展,2001,23(4)：35-39.
[2](德)克劳特.太阳能发电-光伏能源系统[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008：4-5.
[3]赵玉文.21世纪我国光伏产业发展战略思考[J].中国科学工程,2001,3(7)：98-100.
[4](美)保罗·克留格尔.可再生能源开发技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2007：98-100.
[5]刘宏,吴达成,杨志刚等.家用太阳能光伏电源系统[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2007：5-10.
[6]郑诗程,丁明,苏建徽等.户用光伏并网发电系统的研究与设计[J].电力电子技术,2005,23(1)：55-57.
[7]黄汉云.太阳能光伏发电应用原理[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009：2-11.
[8]蒋永和.并网电压型逆变器电压控制策略及MPPT研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[9]李彦,张庆范,刘畅.家用数字光伏并网逆变电源的研究与设计[J].电力电子技术,2009,43(6)：53-55.
[10]王成智,邹旭东,陈鹏云.大功率电力电子负载并网变换器的设计与改进[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(18)：1-7.
[11]王水平.DC／DC变换器集成电路及应用[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2006：63-70.
[12]程荣仓,刘正之.大容量单相逆变装置并联技术的分析[J].国电机工程学报,2004,24(7)：112-115.
[13]高曾辉,于相旭.单端反激式开关电源的稳定性分析[J].重庆大学学报,2000,23(1)：60-62.
[14]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2009：34-46.
[15]侯振义.直流开关电源技术及应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社2006：35-40.
[16]宋飞,胡世平,姚信安.多相DC-DC电路中PWM控制技术的研究[J].计算机工程与科学,2009,31：142-144.
[17]王超,张东来,沈毅.数字化DC-DC变换器的控制器结构优化[J].电机与控制学报,2009,5：695-701.
[18]P.K.Jain, W.Kang, H.Soin and Y.Xi. Analysis and Design Considerations of a Load and Line Independent Zero Volatge Switching Full Bridge DC/DC Converter Topology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,17-5, Sep, 2002:649-657.
[19]A.Brambilla. A 2-kW 100-kHz Power Converter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,46-2, April,1999:300-308.
[20]A.R. Prasad, P.D. Ziogas, and S. Manias. A Three-Phase Resonant PWM DC-DC Conerter:Analysis, Design Considerations, and Experimental Result[C]. Conference Proceedings of IEEE 9th Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition 1994, Feb,13-17,1994:159-165.
[21]陈坚.电力电子学-电力电子变换和控制技术[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2004：98-109.
[22]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006：150-153.
[23]周雪松,郭润睿,马幼捷.光伏系统直流变换器的设计和实现[J].电力电子技术,2009,43(9)：6-8.
[24]姚远,许爱国,谢少军.直流变换器混合电流控制技术研究[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(8)：18-20.
[25]李和明,张丽霞,颜湘武.动力蓄电池组测试系统中双向直流滤波器设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(9)：1-7.
[26]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模及控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005：189-193.
[27]姜雪松.隔离升压全桥DC-DC变换器拓扑理论和控制技术研究[D].中国科学院电工研究所博士学位论文,2006.
[28]刘大年,鲁玲.隔离式双闭环开关电源的系统分析与实验[J].吉林大学学报,2004,22(3)：189-194.
[29]康婉莹,沈淼森,钱江,钱江,钱照明.一种新型的升-降压型直流变换器电路仿真平均模型[J].电力电子技术,2001,35(5)：48-51.
[30]毛鸿,吴兆麟.电流控制模式开关电源的分析与设计[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,1999,6：42-44.
[31]Aydemir.M.T, Bedre, Venkataramanan. A cirtical evaluation of high power hard and soft switched isolated DC-DC converter[C]. Industry Applications Conference,2002.37th IAS Annual Meeting,2002,2:1338-1345.
[32]Prasad. A.R, Ziogas.P.D, Manias.S. Analysis and design of a three-phase offline DC-DC converter with high frequency isolation[C]. Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,1988:813-820.
[33]Jacobs.J, Averberg.A, De Doncker. R. A novel three-phase DC/DC converter for high-power applications[C]. Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2004, vol.3:20-25.
[34]陈刚.软开关双向DC-DC变换器的研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2001.
[35]文峰,贾光辉.自动控制理论[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2002：101-114.
[36]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009：59-71.
[37]阮新波,严仰光.零电压零电流开关PWM DC-DC全桥变换器的分析[J].电工技术学报,2000,4：73-77.
[38]Zhu Lizhi, Qu Wenlong, Li Fahai. A novel soft-switching full-bridge PWM DC/DC converter with auxiliary resonant commutating network[C]. Proc. Of INTELEC'96:692-697.
[39]Seung-Ryul Moon. Multiphase Isolated DC-DC Converters for Low-Voltage High-Power Fuel Cell Applications[D]. Virginia Polytechic Institute Doctorial dissertation 2007.
[40]Changrong Liu. A Novel High-Power High-Efficiency Tree-Phase Phase-Shift DC/DC Converter for Fuel Cell[D]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University doctorial dissertation,2005.
[41]李恩.电压调节模块(VRM)研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[42]张军明.中功率DC/DC变流器模块标准化若干关键问题研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2004.
[43]柯忠伟.不对称半桥式DC/DC变换器的研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2000.
[44]Nobuyoshi Mutoh, Takayoshi Inoue. A Control Method to Charge Series-Connected Ultraelectric Double-Layer Capacitors Suitable for Photovoltaic Generation Systems Combining MPPT Control Method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,54-1, Feb,2007:374-383.
[45]陈建富,梁从主,赵兴国.用于光伏系统的DC/DC模块化变换器研制[J].电力电子技术,2006,40(6)：40-42.
[46]朱俊林,刘细平,许伦辉.基于UC3842的电流控制型脉宽调制开关稳压电源的研究[J].现代电子技术,2003,9：23-25.
[47]闫胜利.Altium designer实用宝典[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[48]刘小伟,刘宇,温培和.Altium designer 6.0电路设计实用教程[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[2](德)克劳特.太阳能发电-光伏能源系统[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008：4-5.
[3]赵玉文.21世纪我国光伏产业发展战略思考[J].中国科学工程,2001,3(7)：98-100.
[4](美)保罗·克留格尔.可再生能源开发技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2007：98-100.
[5]刘宏,吴达成,杨志刚等.家用太阳能光伏电源系统[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2007：5-10.
[6]郑诗程,丁明,苏建徽等.户用光伏并网发电系统的研究与设计[J].电力电子技术,2005,23(1)：55-57.
[7]黄汉云.太阳能光伏发电应用原理[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009：2-11.
[8]蒋永和.并网电压型逆变器电压控制策略及MPPT研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[9]李彦,张庆范,刘畅.家用数字光伏并网逆变电源的研究与设计[J].电力电子技术,2009,43(6)：53-55.
[10]王成智,邹旭东,陈鹏云.大功率电力电子负载并网变换器的设计与改进[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(18)：1-7.
[11]王水平.DC／DC变换器集成电路及应用[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2006：63-70.
[12]程荣仓,刘正之.大容量单相逆变装置并联技术的分析[J].国电机工程学报,2004,24(7)：112-115.
[13]高曾辉,于相旭.单端反激式开关电源的稳定性分析[J].重庆大学学报,2000,23(1)：60-62.
[14]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2009：34-46.
[15]侯振义.直流开关电源技术及应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社2006：35-40.
[16]宋飞,胡世平,姚信安.多相DC-DC电路中PWM控制技术的研究[J].计算机工程与科学,2009,31：142-144.
[17]王超,张东来,沈毅.数字化DC-DC变换器的控制器结构优化[J].电机与控制学报,2009,5：695-701.
[18]P.K.Jain, W.Kang, H.Soin and Y.Xi. Analysis and Design Considerations of a Load and Line Independent Zero Volatge Switching Full Bridge DC/DC Converter Topology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,17-5, Sep, 2002:649-657.
[19]A.Brambilla. A 2-kW 100-kHz Power Converter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,46-2, April,1999:300-308.
[20]A.R. Prasad, P.D. Ziogas, and S. Manias. A Three-Phase Resonant PWM DC-DC Conerter:Analysis, Design Considerations, and Experimental Result[C]. Conference Proceedings of IEEE 9th Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition 1994, Feb,13-17,1994:159-165.
[21]陈坚.电力电子学-电力电子变换和控制技术[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2004：98-109.
[22]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006：150-153.
[23]周雪松,郭润睿,马幼捷.光伏系统直流变换器的设计和实现[J].电力电子技术,2009,43(9)：6-8.
[24]姚远,许爱国,谢少军.直流变换器混合电流控制技术研究[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(8)：18-20.
[25]李和明,张丽霞,颜湘武.动力蓄电池组测试系统中双向直流滤波器设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(9)：1-7.
[26]徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模及控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005：189-193.
[27]姜雪松.隔离升压全桥DC-DC变换器拓扑理论和控制技术研究[D].中国科学院电工研究所博士学位论文,2006.
[28]刘大年,鲁玲.隔离式双闭环开关电源的系统分析与实验[J].吉林大学学报,2004,22(3)：189-194.
[29]康婉莹,沈淼森,钱江,钱江,钱照明.一种新型的升-降压型直流变换器电路仿真平均模型[J].电力电子技术,2001,35(5)：48-51.
[30]毛鸿,吴兆麟.电流控制模式开关电源的分析与设计[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,1999,6：42-44.
[31]Aydemir.M.T, Bedre, Venkataramanan. A cirtical evaluation of high power hard and soft switched isolated DC-DC converter[C]. Industry Applications Conference,2002.37th IAS Annual Meeting,2002,2:1338-1345.
[32]Prasad. A.R, Ziogas.P.D, Manias.S. Analysis and design of a three-phase offline DC-DC converter with high frequency isolation[C]. Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,1988:813-820.
[33]Jacobs.J, Averberg.A, De Doncker. R. A novel three-phase DC/DC converter for high-power applications[C]. Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2004, vol.3:20-25.
[34]陈刚.软开关双向DC-DC变换器的研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2001.
[35]文峰,贾光辉.自动控制理论[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2002：101-114.
[36]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009：59-71.
[37]阮新波,严仰光.零电压零电流开关PWM DC-DC全桥变换器的分析[J].电工技术学报,2000,4：73-77.
[38]Zhu Lizhi, Qu Wenlong, Li Fahai. A novel soft-switching full-bridge PWM DC/DC converter with auxiliary resonant commutating network[C]. Proc. Of INTELEC'96:692-697.
[39]Seung-Ryul Moon. Multiphase Isolated DC-DC Converters for Low-Voltage High-Power Fuel Cell Applications[D]. Virginia Polytechic Institute Doctorial dissertation 2007.
[40]Changrong Liu. A Novel High-Power High-Efficiency Tree-Phase Phase-Shift DC/DC Converter for Fuel Cell[D]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University doctorial dissertation,2005.
[41]李恩.电压调节模块(VRM)研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[42]张军明.中功率DC/DC变流器模块标准化若干关键问题研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文,2004.
[43]柯忠伟.不对称半桥式DC/DC变换器的研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2000.
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