一种新型三电平双向DC/DC变换器的研究
|
摘要
随着电力电子技术的发展,双向DC/DC变换器在电动汽车、汽车电子、通信电源和航天航空以及储能系统等领域的应用前景广阔,要求双向DC/DC变换器处理的电压、电流等级越越来越高。鉴于目前开关管的发展水平,传统的两电平变换器如果应用在中高压大容量场合,就很难满足其处理要求,于是从拓扑结构入手来增强双向DC/DC变换器的特性,以扩展其应用范围,提高其处理电压、电流水平的能力。将多电平技术引入双向DC/DC变换器可以降低开关管承受的电压水平,从而解决了在中高压场合应用的问题。
在学习了国内外多种多电平双向DC/DC变换器的基础上,本文研究了一种基于基本半桥模块的双向DC/DC变换器拓扑结构。以此基本模块为基础,拓展了一系列的拓扑结构,包括级联双向DC/DC变换器拓扑、多相双向DC/DC变换器拓扑、组合型多电平双向DC/DC变换器拓扑以及复合型多电平双向DC/DC变换器拓扑等。文中主要对复合型三电平双向DC/DC变换器拓扑进行了工作原理分析,该变换器不仅可以降低开关管的承受电压水平,同时能够实现电压的连续变化,而且无需变压器就能够实现大变压比变换。
为验证变换器理论的正确性,搭建了三电平双向DC/DC变换器拓扑的MATLAB仿真模型,进行了相应的仿真实验。在开环控制方式下,分析了参数变化对变换器特性的影响,观察了不同占空比比例下的变换器输出特性。在闭环控制方式下,从不同输入电压、给定电压扰动、输入电压扰动等方面对变换器特性进行了分析。仿真实验表明,该变换器能够实现电压的连续、大升降压比变化,同时降低了开关管的承受电压水平,为其在大电压的应用提供了有力的保障。
最后设计制作了一台试验样机,试验样机包括主电路、驱动电路、控制电路以及检测电路等。通过编写、调试控制程序,在DSP 2812开发板上输出PWM控制信号,驱动主电路工作,得到了驱动信号的部分实验波形。
With the development of power electronics technology, bi-directional DC/DC converters is applied more and more widely in the areas of electric vehicles, automotive electronics, communication power and aerospace, energy storage systems, and so on, which require bi-directional DC/DC converters to handle higher voltage and current level. While as the current equality of the switch, if applied to large-capacity high-pressure situations, traditional two-level converter is difficult to meet its processing requirements, so topology is a useful way to enhance property, extend applied area and enhance processing ability for voltage and current. For applying to large-capacity high-pressure situations, multi-level technology is introduced to bi-directional DC/DC converters to reduce the voltage level.
After learning of a variety of multi-level bi-directional DC/DC converters home and abroad, this paper investigated a topology based on the basic half-bridge module, and expanding a series of topology, which include cascaded bi-directional DC/DC converter topology, multi-phase bi- directional DC/DC converter topology, combined multi-level bi- directional DC/DC converter topology and complex multi-level bi- directional DC/DC converter topology, and so on. And then this paper analyzes the operation principle of the complex three-level bi- directional DC/DC converter topology, which shows that this topology can not only reduce the tolerance of switch voltage level but also achieve the continuous voltage change and a large ratio without transformer.
In order to verify the correction of this topology a three-level bi-directional DC/DC converter simulation model is built and completed the simulation experiments. In the open-loop control mode, affection parameter on the converters is analyzed and output characteristic under different duty ratio is observed. In the closed-loop control mode, output characteristic is observed in the situation of different input voltage, given voltage disturbance and input voltage disturbance. Simulation results show that this converter can not only achieve large ratio continuous changes but also can reduce the tolerance of switch voltage level, which providing strong protection for its application in high voltage.
Finally, a test prototype is designed, including the main circuit, drive circuit, control circuit and detection circuit. By writing and debugging control program, the PWM control signal is output to drive the main circuit on the DSP 2812, and get part of the PWM test waveform.
在学习了国内外多种多电平双向DC/DC变换器的基础上,本文研究了一种基于基本半桥模块的双向DC/DC变换器拓扑结构。以此基本模块为基础,拓展了一系列的拓扑结构,包括级联双向DC/DC变换器拓扑、多相双向DC/DC变换器拓扑、组合型多电平双向DC/DC变换器拓扑以及复合型多电平双向DC/DC变换器拓扑等。文中主要对复合型三电平双向DC/DC变换器拓扑进行了工作原理分析,该变换器不仅可以降低开关管的承受电压水平,同时能够实现电压的连续变化,而且无需变压器就能够实现大变压比变换。
为验证变换器理论的正确性,搭建了三电平双向DC/DC变换器拓扑的MATLAB仿真模型,进行了相应的仿真实验。在开环控制方式下,分析了参数变化对变换器特性的影响,观察了不同占空比比例下的变换器输出特性。在闭环控制方式下,从不同输入电压、给定电压扰动、输入电压扰动等方面对变换器特性进行了分析。仿真实验表明,该变换器能够实现电压的连续、大升降压比变化,同时降低了开关管的承受电压水平,为其在大电压的应用提供了有力的保障。
最后设计制作了一台试验样机,试验样机包括主电路、驱动电路、控制电路以及检测电路等。通过编写、调试控制程序,在DSP 2812开发板上输出PWM控制信号,驱动主电路工作,得到了驱动信号的部分实验波形。
With the development of power electronics technology, bi-directional DC/DC converters is applied more and more widely in the areas of electric vehicles, automotive electronics, communication power and aerospace, energy storage systems, and so on, which require bi-directional DC/DC converters to handle higher voltage and current level. While as the current equality of the switch, if applied to large-capacity high-pressure situations, traditional two-level converter is difficult to meet its processing requirements, so topology is a useful way to enhance property, extend applied area and enhance processing ability for voltage and current. For applying to large-capacity high-pressure situations, multi-level technology is introduced to bi-directional DC/DC converters to reduce the voltage level.
After learning of a variety of multi-level bi-directional DC/DC converters home and abroad, this paper investigated a topology based on the basic half-bridge module, and expanding a series of topology, which include cascaded bi-directional DC/DC converter topology, multi-phase bi- directional DC/DC converter topology, combined multi-level bi- directional DC/DC converter topology and complex multi-level bi- directional DC/DC converter topology, and so on. And then this paper analyzes the operation principle of the complex three-level bi- directional DC/DC converter topology, which shows that this topology can not only reduce the tolerance of switch voltage level but also achieve the continuous voltage change and a large ratio without transformer.
In order to verify the correction of this topology a three-level bi-directional DC/DC converter simulation model is built and completed the simulation experiments. In the open-loop control mode, affection parameter on the converters is analyzed and output characteristic under different duty ratio is observed. In the closed-loop control mode, output characteristic is observed in the situation of different input voltage, given voltage disturbance and input voltage disturbance. Simulation results show that this converter can not only achieve large ratio continuous changes but also can reduce the tolerance of switch voltage level, which providing strong protection for its application in high voltage.
Finally, a test prototype is designed, including the main circuit, drive circuit, control circuit and detection circuit. By writing and debugging control program, the PWM control signal is output to drive the main circuit on the DSP 2812, and get part of the PWM test waveform.
引文
[1]阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 1999.
[2]严仰光.双向直流变换器[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社, 2004.
[3]周志敏.开关电源实用技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007.
[4]张方华,朱成花,严仰光.双向DC/DC变换器的控制模型[J].中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(11): 46-49.
[5]马惘,刘圆圆,瞿文龙.一种双向DC/DC变换器的稳态特性分析[J].电力电子技术, 2007, 41(5): 15-18.
[6]马兰,钱荔,肖岚.电流型推挽全桥双向变换器的研究[J].电力电子技术, 2008, 42(1): 21-23.
[7]张国兴,吴新科,张军明.采用前馈控制的同步整流半桥DC/DC变流器[J].电力电子技术, 2008, 42(11): 17-21.
[8]汪舒生,李良光.带耦合电感的双向DC/DC变换器电路分析[J].电力电子技术, 2008, 42(4): 31-32.
[9]阮新波,李斌,陈乾红.一种适用于高压隔离变换器的三电平直流变换器[J].中国电机工程学报, 2003, 23(5): 19-23.
[10]胡宗波,张波,方柯,刘洋海.三电平DC/DC变换器的统一建模研究[J].电路与系统学报, 2005, 10(1):64-69.
[11]阮新波.三电平直流变换器及其软开关技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006.
[12] L. Zhu, X. Xu, and F. Flett. A 3kW isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter for fuel cell electric vehicle application. Proc. Power Electronics. Nuremberg, Germany, 2001, pp.77-82.
[13] Liu C., Niggaard T., Leslie L., Ferrell J., Huang X., Shearer T., Reich J., Lai J., Bates J.. Power balance control and voltage conditioning for fuel cell converter with multiple sources. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pesc 2002, Vol.4:2001-2006.
[14] Xudong Huang, Nergaard T., Jih-Sheng Lai, Xingyi Xu, Lizhi Zhu. A DSP based controller for high-power interleaved boost converters. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC’03. Vol.1:327-333.
[15] Wang K., Lin C.Y., Zhu L., Qu D., Lee F. C., Lai J.S.. Bi-directional DC to DC converters for fuel cell systems. Power Electronics in Transportation, 1998, Page (s):47-51.
[16] Kunrong Wang, Lee F. C., Lai J.. Operation principles of bi-directional full-bridge DC/DC converter with unified soft-switching scheme soft-starting capability. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 2000, Vol.1:111-118.
[17] Kunrong Wang, Lizhi Zhu, Dayu Qu, Odendaal H., Lai J., Lee F. C.. Design, implementation, and experimental results of bi-directional full-bridge DC/DC converter with unified soft-switching scheme and soft-starting capability, Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Vol.2:1058-1063.
[18] Doishita K., Hashiwaki M., Aoki T., Kawagoe Y., Murakami N.. Highly reliable uninterruptible power supply using a bi-directional converter. Telecommunications Energy Conference, INTELEC’99. Page (s): 11-13.
[19] Hirachi K., Kajiyama A., Mii T., Nakaoka M.. Cost-effective bidirectional chopper-based battery link UPS with common input-output bus line and its control scheme. Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation. IEEE IECON 1996, Vol.3: 1681-1686.
[20]吴军辉,黄声华,邹江峰.应用于混合动力汽车的三电平双向DC/DC变换器[J].电机技术, 2006, (2): 23-25.
[21]金科,杨孟雄,阮新波.三电平双向变换器[J].中国电机工程学报, 2006, 26(18): 41-46.
[22]童亦斌金新民陈瑶.双向DC/DC变换器的拓扑研究[J].中国电机工程学报, 2007,27(13): 81-86.
[23]瞿博,刘新伟,吕征宇.一种适用于低压大电流的双向DC/DC变换器[J].电力电子技术, 2008, 42(6):25-27.
[24]林贝,陈道炼.推挽正激DC/DC变换器的分析与实现[J].电力电子技术, 2007, 41(5): 19-21.
[25]王学梅,张波,丘东元. DC/DC变换器主要技术发展综述[J].电源世界, 2008: 21-35.
[26]吴爱国,李际涛. DC/DC变换器控制方法研究现状[J].电力电子技术, 1999, (2): 75-78.
[27] T. Reimann, S. Szeponik, G. Berger, and J. Petzoldt. A novel control principle of bidirectional DC/DC power conversion. Proc.IEEE PESC’97 Conf., 1997, pp.978-984.
[28] Huafeng Xiao, Shaojun Xie. A ZVS Bidirectional DC/DC Converter with Phase-Shift Plus PWM Control Scheme. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL.23 NO.2 MARCH 2008, pp813-823.
[29] J. A. Sabate, V. Vlatkovic, R. B. Ridley, F. C. Lee, and B. H. Cho. Design considerations for high-voltage, high-power, full-bridge, zero-voltage-switched PWM converter. Proc. APEC’90 Conf., 1990, pp.275-284.
[30]孙频东.一种新型的零电压开关双向DC/DC变换电源[J].电气传动, 2005, 35(5): 35-38.
[31]杜少武,陈中.一种新型的软开关双向DC/DC变换器[J].电力电子技术, 2007, 41(7): 21-23.
[32] K. Wang, F. C. Lee, and J. Lai. Bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter with unified soft-switching scheme, Part I: Principles of operation. Proc. VPEC Annu. Sem., 1998,pp.143-149.
[33] Lizhi Zhu. A Novel Soft-Commutating Isolated Boost Full-Bridge ZVS-PWM DC/DC Converter for Bidirectional High Power Applications. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL.21 NO.2 MARCH 2006, pp422-429.
[34] H. Li, F. Z. Peng, and J. S. Lawler. A natural ZVS high-power bidirectional DC/DC converter with minimum number of devices. Proc APEC’01 Conf., 2001, pp.1874-1881.
[35]石勇,杨旭,王兆安.一类新型三电平软开关DC/DC变换器的研究[J].中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(9): 68-73.
[36]崔萌佳,戴永年,姚耀春,杨斌,任海伦,李伟宏.电动汽车用动力电池的研究概况[J].昆明理工大学学报, 2004, 29(6): 122-126.
[37]毕道治.混合动力车HEV电池的发展[J].电池工业, 2007, 12(4): 262-267.
[38]任恒良,姚勇涛,张逸成,沈玉琢.电动汽车用直-直变换器及控制方法[J].同济大学学报, 2003, 31(5): 591-594.
[39]於灵.大功率DC/DC变换器的研制[J].电子原器件应用, 2008, 10(5):68-70.
[40]王兴媛,齐铂金,汪殿龙,杜青.燃料电池车用大功率DC/DC控制系统的研究[J].电力电子技术, 2008, 42(4).
[41]冯涌波,齐铂金,汪殿龙.燃料电池电动汽车用大功率Buck DC/DC变换器研究[J].企业技术开发, 2006, 25(5): 3-10.
[42]张洁萍,张逸成,姚勇涛,孔繁红,肖明.燃料电池电动汽车用DC/DC变换器方案[J].低压电器, 2002, (5): 51-53.
[43]梁小国,危建,路侃,阮新波. 48V输入电压调节模块的现状和未来[J].动力电力电子技术, 2003, 37(2):89-93.
[44]粆敏,卓放,王丰,李晶.下一代双电压汽车用能量双向馈送DC/DC变换器[J].开关电源技术, 2008, (9): 23-27.
[45] Fang Zheng Peng, Fan Zhang, A New Compact DC/DC Converter for 42V Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2002, Vol.4, NO.2: 143-148.
[46] Fang Zheng Peng. A Magnetic-Less DC/DC Converter for Dual-Voltage Automotive Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2003, Vol.39, NO.2: 511-518.
[47] Fan Zhang, Lei Du, Fang Zheng Peng, and Zhaoming Qian. A New Design Method for High-Power High-Efficiency Switched-Capacitor DC–DC Converters. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2008, Vol.23, NO.2: 832-840.
[48] Y. Hu, J. Tatler and Z. Chen. A bidirectional DC/DC power electronic converter for an energy storage device in an autonomous power system. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, IPEMC 2004, vol. 1, pp. 171-176.
[49]林国汗.一种新型高效率BOOST变换器的设计[J].通信电源技术, 2008, 25(3): 39-41
[50]袁义生.可共用不间断电源的研究[J].电力电子技术, 2007, 41(4): 43-45.
[51] S. K. Mazumder, and K. Shenai. On the reliability of distributed power systems: a macro-to micro level overview using a parallel DC/DC converter. 33rd IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. PESC’, June 2002, pp. 809-814, vol.2.
[52] K.Harada, T.IVabeshima. Large-signal Transient Response of a Switching Regulator. IEEE PESC 1981, p383-394.
[53] Robert W.Erickson, et al. Large-signal Modeling and Analysis of Switching Regulator. IEEE PESC 1982, pp14-17.
[54] Fang Zheng Peng . A Generalized Multilevel Inverter Topology with Self Voltage Balancing[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2001, Vol.37, NO.2: 611-618.
[55] Miaosen Shen, Fang Zheng Peng and Leon M. Tolbert. Multilevel DC–DC Power Conversion System with Multiple DC Sources. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,Jan. 2008, Vol.23, NO.1.
[56] D. Liu and H.Li. A ZVS bi-directional DC/DC converter for multiple energy storage elements. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics. Sep. 2006, vol.21, No.5, pp.1513-1517.
[57] H. Tao, A. Kotsopoulos, J. L. Duarte and M. A. M. Hendrix. Family of multiport bi-directional DC/DC converters. Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng., May 2006, vol.153, No.3, pp.451-458.
[2]严仰光.双向直流变换器[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社, 2004.
[3]周志敏.开关电源实用技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007.
[4]张方华,朱成花,严仰光.双向DC/DC变换器的控制模型[J].中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(11): 46-49.
[5]马惘,刘圆圆,瞿文龙.一种双向DC/DC变换器的稳态特性分析[J].电力电子技术, 2007, 41(5): 15-18.
[6]马兰,钱荔,肖岚.电流型推挽全桥双向变换器的研究[J].电力电子技术, 2008, 42(1): 21-23.
[7]张国兴,吴新科,张军明.采用前馈控制的同步整流半桥DC/DC变流器[J].电力电子技术, 2008, 42(11): 17-21.
[8]汪舒生,李良光.带耦合电感的双向DC/DC变换器电路分析[J].电力电子技术, 2008, 42(4): 31-32.
[9]阮新波,李斌,陈乾红.一种适用于高压隔离变换器的三电平直流变换器[J].中国电机工程学报, 2003, 23(5): 19-23.
[10]胡宗波,张波,方柯,刘洋海.三电平DC/DC变换器的统一建模研究[J].电路与系统学报, 2005, 10(1):64-69.
[11]阮新波.三电平直流变换器及其软开关技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006.
[12] L. Zhu, X. Xu, and F. Flett. A 3kW isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter for fuel cell electric vehicle application. Proc. Power Electronics. Nuremberg, Germany, 2001, pp.77-82.
[13] Liu C., Niggaard T., Leslie L., Ferrell J., Huang X., Shearer T., Reich J., Lai J., Bates J.. Power balance control and voltage conditioning for fuel cell converter with multiple sources. Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pesc 2002, Vol.4:2001-2006.
[14] Xudong Huang, Nergaard T., Jih-Sheng Lai, Xingyi Xu, Lizhi Zhu. A DSP based controller for high-power interleaved boost converters. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC’03. Vol.1:327-333.
[15] Wang K., Lin C.Y., Zhu L., Qu D., Lee F. C., Lai J.S.. Bi-directional DC to DC converters for fuel cell systems. Power Electronics in Transportation, 1998, Page (s):47-51.
[16] Kunrong Wang, Lee F. C., Lai J.. Operation principles of bi-directional full-bridge DC/DC converter with unified soft-switching scheme soft-starting capability. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 2000, Vol.1:111-118.
[17] Kunrong Wang, Lizhi Zhu, Dayu Qu, Odendaal H., Lai J., Lee F. C.. Design, implementation, and experimental results of bi-directional full-bridge DC/DC converter with unified soft-switching scheme and soft-starting capability, Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Vol.2:1058-1063.
[18] Doishita K., Hashiwaki M., Aoki T., Kawagoe Y., Murakami N.. Highly reliable uninterruptible power supply using a bi-directional converter. Telecommunications Energy Conference, INTELEC’99. Page (s): 11-13.
[19] Hirachi K., Kajiyama A., Mii T., Nakaoka M.. Cost-effective bidirectional chopper-based battery link UPS with common input-output bus line and its control scheme. Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation. IEEE IECON 1996, Vol.3: 1681-1686.
[20]吴军辉,黄声华,邹江峰.应用于混合动力汽车的三电平双向DC/DC变换器[J].电机技术, 2006, (2): 23-25.
[21]金科,杨孟雄,阮新波.三电平双向变换器[J].中国电机工程学报, 2006, 26(18): 41-46.
[22]童亦斌金新民陈瑶.双向DC/DC变换器的拓扑研究[J].中国电机工程学报, 2007,27(13): 81-86.
[23]瞿博,刘新伟,吕征宇.一种适用于低压大电流的双向DC/DC变换器[J].电力电子技术, 2008, 42(6):25-27.
[24]林贝,陈道炼.推挽正激DC/DC变换器的分析与实现[J].电力电子技术, 2007, 41(5): 19-21.
[25]王学梅,张波,丘东元. DC/DC变换器主要技术发展综述[J].电源世界, 2008: 21-35.
[26]吴爱国,李际涛. DC/DC变换器控制方法研究现状[J].电力电子技术, 1999, (2): 75-78.
[27] T. Reimann, S. Szeponik, G. Berger, and J. Petzoldt. A novel control principle of bidirectional DC/DC power conversion. Proc.IEEE PESC’97 Conf., 1997, pp.978-984.
[28] Huafeng Xiao, Shaojun Xie. A ZVS Bidirectional DC/DC Converter with Phase-Shift Plus PWM Control Scheme. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL.23 NO.2 MARCH 2008, pp813-823.
[29] J. A. Sabate, V. Vlatkovic, R. B. Ridley, F. C. Lee, and B. H. Cho. Design considerations for high-voltage, high-power, full-bridge, zero-voltage-switched PWM converter. Proc. APEC’90 Conf., 1990, pp.275-284.
[30]孙频东.一种新型的零电压开关双向DC/DC变换电源[J].电气传动, 2005, 35(5): 35-38.
[31]杜少武,陈中.一种新型的软开关双向DC/DC变换器[J].电力电子技术, 2007, 41(7): 21-23.
[32] K. Wang, F. C. Lee, and J. Lai. Bidirectional full-bridge DC/DC converter with unified soft-switching scheme, Part I: Principles of operation. Proc. VPEC Annu. Sem., 1998,pp.143-149.
[33] Lizhi Zhu. A Novel Soft-Commutating Isolated Boost Full-Bridge ZVS-PWM DC/DC Converter for Bidirectional High Power Applications. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL.21 NO.2 MARCH 2006, pp422-429.
[34] H. Li, F. Z. Peng, and J. S. Lawler. A natural ZVS high-power bidirectional DC/DC converter with minimum number of devices. Proc APEC’01 Conf., 2001, pp.1874-1881.
[35]石勇,杨旭,王兆安.一类新型三电平软开关DC/DC变换器的研究[J].中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(9): 68-73.
[36]崔萌佳,戴永年,姚耀春,杨斌,任海伦,李伟宏.电动汽车用动力电池的研究概况[J].昆明理工大学学报, 2004, 29(6): 122-126.
[37]毕道治.混合动力车HEV电池的发展[J].电池工业, 2007, 12(4): 262-267.
[38]任恒良,姚勇涛,张逸成,沈玉琢.电动汽车用直-直变换器及控制方法[J].同济大学学报, 2003, 31(5): 591-594.
[39]於灵.大功率DC/DC变换器的研制[J].电子原器件应用, 2008, 10(5):68-70.
[40]王兴媛,齐铂金,汪殿龙,杜青.燃料电池车用大功率DC/DC控制系统的研究[J].电力电子技术, 2008, 42(4).
[41]冯涌波,齐铂金,汪殿龙.燃料电池电动汽车用大功率Buck DC/DC变换器研究[J].企业技术开发, 2006, 25(5): 3-10.
[42]张洁萍,张逸成,姚勇涛,孔繁红,肖明.燃料电池电动汽车用DC/DC变换器方案[J].低压电器, 2002, (5): 51-53.
[43]梁小国,危建,路侃,阮新波. 48V输入电压调节模块的现状和未来[J].动力电力电子技术, 2003, 37(2):89-93.
[44]粆敏,卓放,王丰,李晶.下一代双电压汽车用能量双向馈送DC/DC变换器[J].开关电源技术, 2008, (9): 23-27.
[45] Fang Zheng Peng, Fan Zhang, A New Compact DC/DC Converter for 42V Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2002, Vol.4, NO.2: 143-148.
[46] Fang Zheng Peng. A Magnetic-Less DC/DC Converter for Dual-Voltage Automotive Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2003, Vol.39, NO.2: 511-518.
[47] Fan Zhang, Lei Du, Fang Zheng Peng, and Zhaoming Qian. A New Design Method for High-Power High-Efficiency Switched-Capacitor DC–DC Converters. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2008, Vol.23, NO.2: 832-840.
[48] Y. Hu, J. Tatler and Z. Chen. A bidirectional DC/DC power electronic converter for an energy storage device in an autonomous power system. The 4th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, IPEMC 2004, vol. 1, pp. 171-176.
[49]林国汗.一种新型高效率BOOST变换器的设计[J].通信电源技术, 2008, 25(3): 39-41
[50]袁义生.可共用不间断电源的研究[J].电力电子技术, 2007, 41(4): 43-45.
[51] S. K. Mazumder, and K. Shenai. On the reliability of distributed power systems: a macro-to micro level overview using a parallel DC/DC converter. 33rd IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. PESC’, June 2002, pp. 809-814, vol.2.
[52] K.Harada, T.IVabeshima. Large-signal Transient Response of a Switching Regulator. IEEE PESC 1981, p383-394.
[53] Robert W.Erickson, et al. Large-signal Modeling and Analysis of Switching Regulator. IEEE PESC 1982, pp14-17.
[54] Fang Zheng Peng . A Generalized Multilevel Inverter Topology with Self Voltage Balancing[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2001, Vol.37, NO.2: 611-618.
[55] Miaosen Shen, Fang Zheng Peng and Leon M. Tolbert. Multilevel DC–DC Power Conversion System with Multiple DC Sources. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,Jan. 2008, Vol.23, NO.1.
[56] D. Liu and H.Li. A ZVS bi-directional DC/DC converter for multiple energy storage elements. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics. Sep. 2006, vol.21, No.5, pp.1513-1517.
[57] H. Tao, A. Kotsopoulos, J. L. Duarte and M. A. M. Hendrix. Family of multiport bi-directional DC/DC converters. Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng., May 2006, vol.153, No.3, pp.451-458.