风光柴互补发电系统中并网双向逆变器的研究
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摘要
基于交流母线并接技术的风光柴互补发电系统,即纯交流母线型的风光柴互补发电系统,具有各发电设备功率可叠加、运行简单、可靠性高、扩展方便等优点,为远离公共电网和电网不稳定地区的供电问题都提供了非常好的解决方案。目前,国外已经将纯交流母线型的风光柴互补发电技术应用到产品中,国内对该技术及并网双向逆变器的研究正处于起步阶段。
并网双向逆变器在纯交流母线型风光柴互补发电系统中,主要用于蓄电池储能控制和充、放电维护,实现蓄电池与交流母线之间能量的双向流动,调节系统的供电平衡。作为该系统中的一个重要组成部分,它的可靠运行已成为影响整个系统经济、可靠运行的关键因素。
文中首先介绍了纯交流母线型风光柴互补发电系统的构成及特点,以及并网双向逆变器在该系统中的两种运行模式,即并网整流逆变运行和独立逆变运行在此基础上,根据并网双向逆变器的功能和两种运行模式的特点,确定采用PWM整流器加双向DC/DC变换器作为它的主电路,并分别制定了它在并网和独立两种运行模式下的控制策略。在并网运行控制中,为抑制电网电压波动,提高PWM整流器直流电压控制精度的影响,引入模糊自适应PI控制。在独立逆变控制中,为抑制扰动,保持逆变输出电压的稳定,采用多环控制策略,其中内环采用电感电流作为反馈量,以提高系统响应速度。最后,通过仿真分别对两种运行模式下的控制策略的可行性和有效性进行了验证,并搭建了主电路和以PIC单片机为核心的硬件控制电路,通过软件编程实现了并网双向逆变器的并网充、放电运行和独立逆变运行功能。
The wind-solar-diesel hybrid power system based on AC coupling of parallel technology, which is also called pure AC bus wind-solar-diesel hybrid power system, has many advantages such as all power units adding up their power, simplified operation, higher reliability, easy expandability and so on. It provides a very good solution for the problem of areas which are far from public grid and power instability. Recently, this technology has been applied to products abroad, but at home reseach on the technology and grid-connected bi-directional inverter is in the initial stage.
In the wind-solar-diesel hybrid power system, the main fuction of grid-connected bi-directional inverter is battery storage control and charging-discharging maintenance to achieve two-way flow of energy between battery and AC bus and adjust system power balance. As one of important component of the system, its reliable operation has become the key factors that affect the entire system's economy and reliable operation.
Firstly, this paper introduces the configuration and features of the wind-solar-diesel hybrid power system based on AC bus. And the two operation modes that are grid-connected and independent operation of grid-connected bi-directional inverte are also introduced. On this basis, according to the function of grid-connected bi-directional inverte and the features of its two operation, the PWM rectifier and DC/DC converter are used as the main circuit of grid-connected bi-directional inverte, and the control strategies in two operation modes have developed. In grid-connected rectifier and inverter control, the fuzzy adaptive PI control has been introduced to suppress grid voltage fluctuation and improve the DC voltage control precision. In independent inverter operation control, the multi-loop control strategy has been used to suppress load and DC voltage disturbance toward the inverter output voltage. Finally, the feasibility and validity of control strategies in two operation mode are verified by simulation. And the main circuit and hardware control circuit have been established with the microchip PIC as the centre process unit of the control system. By programming, the grid-connected bi-directional inverter has realized rectifier and inverter operation in grid-connected mode and inverter operation in independent mode.
并网双向逆变器在纯交流母线型风光柴互补发电系统中,主要用于蓄电池储能控制和充、放电维护,实现蓄电池与交流母线之间能量的双向流动,调节系统的供电平衡。作为该系统中的一个重要组成部分,它的可靠运行已成为影响整个系统经济、可靠运行的关键因素。
文中首先介绍了纯交流母线型风光柴互补发电系统的构成及特点,以及并网双向逆变器在该系统中的两种运行模式,即并网整流逆变运行和独立逆变运行在此基础上,根据并网双向逆变器的功能和两种运行模式的特点,确定采用PWM整流器加双向DC/DC变换器作为它的主电路,并分别制定了它在并网和独立两种运行模式下的控制策略。在并网运行控制中,为抑制电网电压波动,提高PWM整流器直流电压控制精度的影响,引入模糊自适应PI控制。在独立逆变控制中,为抑制扰动,保持逆变输出电压的稳定,采用多环控制策略,其中内环采用电感电流作为反馈量,以提高系统响应速度。最后,通过仿真分别对两种运行模式下的控制策略的可行性和有效性进行了验证,并搭建了主电路和以PIC单片机为核心的硬件控制电路,通过软件编程实现了并网双向逆变器的并网充、放电运行和独立逆变运行功能。
The wind-solar-diesel hybrid power system based on AC coupling of parallel technology, which is also called pure AC bus wind-solar-diesel hybrid power system, has many advantages such as all power units adding up their power, simplified operation, higher reliability, easy expandability and so on. It provides a very good solution for the problem of areas which are far from public grid and power instability. Recently, this technology has been applied to products abroad, but at home reseach on the technology and grid-connected bi-directional inverter is in the initial stage.
In the wind-solar-diesel hybrid power system, the main fuction of grid-connected bi-directional inverter is battery storage control and charging-discharging maintenance to achieve two-way flow of energy between battery and AC bus and adjust system power balance. As one of important component of the system, its reliable operation has become the key factors that affect the entire system's economy and reliable operation.
Firstly, this paper introduces the configuration and features of the wind-solar-diesel hybrid power system based on AC bus. And the two operation modes that are grid-connected and independent operation of grid-connected bi-directional inverte are also introduced. On this basis, according to the function of grid-connected bi-directional inverte and the features of its two operation, the PWM rectifier and DC/DC converter are used as the main circuit of grid-connected bi-directional inverte, and the control strategies in two operation modes have developed. In grid-connected rectifier and inverter control, the fuzzy adaptive PI control has been introduced to suppress grid voltage fluctuation and improve the DC voltage control precision. In independent inverter operation control, the multi-loop control strategy has been used to suppress load and DC voltage disturbance toward the inverter output voltage. Finally, the feasibility and validity of control strategies in two operation mode are verified by simulation. And the main circuit and hardware control circuit have been established with the microchip PIC as the centre process unit of the control system. By programming, the grid-connected bi-directional inverter has realized rectifier and inverter operation in grid-connected mode and inverter operation in independent mode.
引文
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[39]金耀初,蒋静坪.最优模糊控制的两种设计方法[J].中国电机工程学报,1996,16(3)：201-204.
[40]刘金琨.智能控制.电子工业出版社.2005,5.
[41]易映萍,浣喜明等.单相高频PWM整流逆变能量回馈控制方法的研究.电气应用,2005.
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[43]史云鹏,王莹莹,李培芳.光伏系统中蓄电池充放电控制方案的探讨.太阳能学报,2005,2.
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[2]李俊峰.我国可再生能源发展现状与展望.中国新能源,2009,4.
[3]茆美琴.风光柴蓄复合发电及其智能控制系统研究.合肥工业大学博士论文.2004,4.
[4]Ahmad Agus Setiawan, Yu Zhao, Chem.V.Nayar.Design, economic analysis and environmental considerations of mini-grid hybrid power system with reverse osmosis desalinationplant for remote areas [J]. IEEE Renewable Energy,2008,34 (2009):374～383.
[5]Setiawan AA, Zhao Y, etal. Design of hybrid power system with reverse osmosis desalination plant for Maldives, AUPEC 2006. Melbourne, Australia:Victoria University; 2006.
[6]钟勇.风光互补发电系统中蓄电池充放电控制器的研究.合肥工业大学硕士论文.2006,11.
[7]东源电力(http://www.dongyet.com/jsyy/yyjn/147.html)
[8]华经产业评论.2009,7.
[9]赵玉文,王斯成,励旭东等. 中国光伏产业发展研究报告(2004-2005).国家发改委/全球环境基金/世界银行中国可再生能源发展项目.2006,8.
[10]倪华.基于纯交流母线的风光柴蓄复合发电系统的研究.合肥工业大学硕士文.2006,5.
[11]Sunny Island SI4500-Installation and Operating Instructions. SMA Regelsystems GmbH.2004.
[12]周佳娜.铅酸蓄电池充放电原理及其现场应用.电力建设,2003,24(4)：13-15.
[13]金晓东.阀控铅酸蓄电池在分布式发电中的应用[硕士论文].合肥工业大学,2008,3.
[14]王洪,郭静峰,梁志强.如何解决温度影响阀控密闭铅酸蓄电池(VRLA)使用寿命.电力技术,2009,(6)：58-60.
[15]吕耀文.蓄电池充电方法的研究.内蒙古科技与经济,2009,2(180)：96-98.
[16]夏继,张华强,王志新.离网型风光互补路灯照明系统蓄电池充电控制研究.水电能源科学,2008,26(6)：182-185.
[17]王飞,余世杰,沈玉樑.蓄电池充放电装置中双向AC-DC变流器的研究.电源技术应用,2005,8(5)：32-34.
[18]张兴,周志健,许颇.用于蓄电池充放电的可逆SPWM变流器.合肥工业大学 学报,2007,30(6)：713-717.
[19]周永鹏,韦萌.基于DSP的蓄电池充放电装置研究.电力电子技术,2007,41(2)：38-40.
[20]赵向华,高军,杨旭,王兆安.高功率因数电流可逆变换器的研究.电力电子技术.2000,12.
[21]张崇巍,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制.机械工业出版社.2003.
[22]姜雪松.三相高功率因数可逆整流器的研究.南京航空航天硕士论文.2002,3.
[23]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.机械工业出版社.2000,5.
[24]董晓鹏,王兆安.三相电压型单位功率因数PWM整流器的研究.电力电子技术.1997,11.
[25]袁斌.三相高功率因数电压型PWM整流器的研究.西南交通大学硕士论文.2003,5.
[26]彭志刚,梁京哲,金新民,童亦斌.蓄电池充放电装置用三相PWM整流器的研究.电源技术应用.2008,3
[27]Malesani L, Tenti P, Gaio E, etal. Improved current control technique of VSI PWM inverters with constant modulation frequency and extended voltage range[J]. IEEE Trans Ind Applicat,1991,27(2):365～369.
[28]Vecas Diego R, Dixon Juan W, Boon Teck Oci. A Novel Load Current Control Method for a Leading Power Factor Voltage Source PWM Rectifier. Power Electronics, IEEE,1994,9 (2):153～159.
[29]WU Rusong, Dewan SB and Slemon GR. A PWM AC-to-DC Converter with Fixed Switching Frequency [J]. IEEE Trans. on IA,1990,26(5):880～885.
[30]唐丽丽,郑琼林.单相PWM整流器主电路参数选择探讨.北方交通大学学报,2000,24(8)：98-102.
[31]张雪群,曾岳南,罗彬.单相可逆PWM整流器能量双向传输的研究.电子质量2007,第7期.
[32]陈晓萍,王念春,马玉龙.基于PIC单片机的SPWM控制技术.电源技术应用,2006,3,9(3)：39-42.
[33]周俊杰,钱晓耀,陈上挺.一种基于PIC系列单片机的SPWM逆变电源.机电工程,2008,4,25(4)：99-101.
[34]李娜,任振辉,刘雅举.PIC单片机在逆变电源系统中的应用.电源技术,2007,23：259-260.
[35]邱书波,綦星光.铅酸蓄电池自动充放电控制器的设计与实现.电子技术应用,2001,(6)：32-33.
[36]Nowacki, Z. Owczarz, D.Wonzniak. On the robustness of fuzzycontrol of an overhead crane. Industrial electronics, ISIE'96, Proceedings of the IEEE international symposium.1996(1).433～437.
[37]郭丽娜,陶海军,郑征.基于模糊自适应控制的三相PWM整流器.电气传动自动化,2006,28(3)：14-16.
[38]郑征,陶海军.模糊自适应PI调节在三相PWM整流器中的应用.电力电子,2005,24(9)：65-68.
[39]金耀初,蒋静坪.最优模糊控制的两种设计方法[J].中国电机工程学报,1996,16(3)：201-204.
[40]刘金琨.智能控制.电子工业出版社.2005,5.
[41]易映萍,浣喜明等.单相高频PWM整流逆变能量回馈控制方法的研究.电气应用,2005.
[42]Jinhwan Jung, Sunkyoung Lim, Kwanghee Nam. A feedbacklinearizing control scheme for a PWM converter-inverter having avery small DC-link capacitor[J]. IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat, IA-35,1999,46(9):1124-1131.
[43]史云鹏,王莹莹,李培芳.光伏系统中蓄电池充放电控制方案的探讨.太阳能学报,2005,2.
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