锂离子电池脉冲充放电管理
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摘要
世界石油储量的快速消耗和对环境保护的日益关注,开发清洁、可再生能源是社会发展的一个必然趋势。蓄电池作为一种清洁能源的储能设备,在许多应用场合具有不可替代的作用。随着各种新型电池的开发,其应用领域越来越广泛。
锂离子电池具有高能量密度和长循环寿命等优点,具有广阔的发展前景。充电方式直接影响着所需充电的时间和蓄电池的循环使用寿命。常用的锂离子电池充电方式是恒流——恒压充电方式。采用这种充电方式当电池处于恒压充电阶段时,所需的时间比较长。脉冲充电方式不仅能提高充电速度而且能延长电池的循环使用寿命。
本文采用有源箝位双向全桥DC-DC变流器作为锂离子电池充放电器的主拓扑。这种拓扑结构可以工作在两种模式下,当变流器工作在BUCK模式下时,高压侧有源桥采用移相控制方式,低压侧有源桥采用同步整流技术,极大地减少了变流器的损耗。有源箝位电路极大地消除了由漏感在低压侧引起的电压尖峰。
It is a inevitable trend of society development to develop a clean and renewable energy resources for the growing concerns for environmental protection and the fast rate of depletion of world oil supply. As a clean energy storage equipment, battery can't be replaced in many cases. With the development of new battery ,it will be used in more and more applications.
Lithium-ion battery has the characteristics of high energy density and long life cycle and so on. There will be a wide development prospect in the future. The method of charge directly influences the charge time needed and life cycle of battery. The battery charging method that is commonly used is constant current constant voltage. Adopting the method of charging when the battery is at the stage of constant voltage, the necessary time is longer. The method pulse charging not only can accelerate the speed of charge but also can lengthen the life cycle of lithium-ion battery.
The article use bi-directional full bridge DC-DC converter with active clamp as the topology of lithium-ion battery charger/discharger. The topology can work under two operational modes. In the buck mode of operational, the active bridge on the high voltage side uses phase shift control strategy ;the active bridge on the low side use synchronous rectification technology by which greatly reduce the loss of the converter.
锂离子电池具有高能量密度和长循环寿命等优点,具有广阔的发展前景。充电方式直接影响着所需充电的时间和蓄电池的循环使用寿命。常用的锂离子电池充电方式是恒流——恒压充电方式。采用这种充电方式当电池处于恒压充电阶段时,所需的时间比较长。脉冲充电方式不仅能提高充电速度而且能延长电池的循环使用寿命。
本文采用有源箝位双向全桥DC-DC变流器作为锂离子电池充放电器的主拓扑。这种拓扑结构可以工作在两种模式下,当变流器工作在BUCK模式下时,高压侧有源桥采用移相控制方式,低压侧有源桥采用同步整流技术,极大地减少了变流器的损耗。有源箝位电路极大地消除了由漏感在低压侧引起的电压尖峰。
It is a inevitable trend of society development to develop a clean and renewable energy resources for the growing concerns for environmental protection and the fast rate of depletion of world oil supply. As a clean energy storage equipment, battery can't be replaced in many cases. With the development of new battery ,it will be used in more and more applications.
Lithium-ion battery has the characteristics of high energy density and long life cycle and so on. There will be a wide development prospect in the future. The method of charge directly influences the charge time needed and life cycle of battery. The battery charging method that is commonly used is constant current constant voltage. Adopting the method of charging when the battery is at the stage of constant voltage, the necessary time is longer. The method pulse charging not only can accelerate the speed of charge but also can lengthen the life cycle of lithium-ion battery.
The article use bi-directional full bridge DC-DC converter with active clamp as the topology of lithium-ion battery charger/discharger. The topology can work under two operational modes. In the buck mode of operational, the active bridge on the high voltage side uses phase shift control strategy ;the active bridge on the low side use synchronous rectification technology by which greatly reduce the loss of the converter.
引文
[1]USABC.Goals for Advanced Batteries for EVs.http://www.uscar.org/guest/article_view.php?articles id=85,1991
[2]USABC Awards ＄6.5 Million Battery Technology Development Contract To Enerl's EnerDel.http://www.uscar.org/guest/article_view.php?articles_id=175
[3]电动汽车用先进电池的现状及发展.http://www.91tech.net/Article/HardTech/PowerTech/200504/591.html
[4]Toshiba to Launch Innovative Rechargeable Battery Business.http://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/2007_12/pr1101.htm
[5]Greg Kable.Mercedes Maps a Blue Road to a Green World.Autoweek,2008,58(10)
[6]靳永利.锂离子电池钠米结构负极材料的研究:[硕士学位论文].新疆:新疆大学,2007
[7]Voelcker J.Lithium Batteries Take To The Road.IEEE Spectrum,2007,44(9):26-31
[8]潘靖.锂电池智能管理系统:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2004
[1]Cope R C and Podrazhansky Y.The Art of Battery Charging.In:14~(th) Annu.Baattery Conf.Application and Advances,1999:233-235.
[2]Burkett Wilford B,Bigbee Ⅲ and John H.Rapid Charging of Batteries.US Patent 3597673
[3]Yury Podrazhansky,Norcross,Phillip W.Popp and Doraville.Rapid Battery Charger,Discharger and Controller.US Patent 4829225
[4]Yury Podrazhansky and Phillip W.Popp.Charging,Thawing and Formating a Battery.US Patent 530700
[5]Hirokazu Hasegawa,Fujisawa and Yasutaka Iwao.Pulse Charging Method and A Charger.US Patent 5945811
[6]Liang-Rui Chen,A Design of an Optimal Battery Pulse Charge System by Frequency-Varied Technique.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2007,54(1):398-404
[7]Jun Li,Edward Murphy,Jack Winnick and Paul A.Kohl,The effects of pulse charging on cycling characteristics of commercial lithium-ion batteries.Journal of Power Sources,2001,102(1-2):302-309
[1]罗光毅.蓄电池智能管理系统:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2003
[2]姜雪松.隔离升压全桥DC-DC变换器拓扑理论和控制技术研究:[博士学位论文].北京:中国科学院,2005
[3]Kunrong Wang,Lee F C,Lai J.Operation Principles of Bi-directional Full-Bridge DC/DC Converter with Unified Soft Switching Scheme and Soft-starting Capability.Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2000,1:111-118
[4]Kunrong Wang,Lizhi Zhu,Dayu Qu.Design,Implementation,and Experimental Results of Bi-directional Full-Bridge DC/DC Converter with Unified Soft-Starting Capability.Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2000,2:1058-1063
[1]Brian T Kuhn,Grant E Pitel,Philip T Krein.Electrical Properties and Equalization of Lithium-Ion Cells in Automotive Applications.Vehicle Power and Propulsion,2005:56-59
[2]Gottwald T,Ye Z,Stuart T.Equalization of EV and HEV Batteries with a Ramp Converter.IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1997,33(1):307-312
[3]Moody M H.A High Reliability Battery Management System.J.Power Sources,1986,18:223-231
[4]Kutkut N H.A Modular Non-dissipative Current Diverter for EV Battery Charge Equalization.Applied Power Electronics Conference,1998,2:686-690
[5]Pascual C,Krein P T.Switched Capacitor System for Automatic Series Battery Equalization.Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,1997,2:848-854
[6]Kutkut N H.Non-dissipative Current Diverter Using a Centralized Multi-winding Transformer.Power Electronics Specialists Conference,1997,1:648-654
[7]Fang Fang.A Solid State Relay Battery Management System for Series Connected Batteries.The University of Toledo,2002
[8]Kutkut N H.A Modular Non-dissipative Current Diverter for EV Battery Charge Equalization.Applied Power Electronics Conference,1998,2:686-690
[9]Lee Yuang-Shung,Cheng Ming-Wang.Intelligent Control Battery Equalization for Series Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Strings.IEEE Trans.On Industrial Electronics,2005,52(5):1297-1307
[10]王伟.铅酸蓄电池管理系统实现的软硬件研究:[硕士论文].浙江:浙江大学,2005
[11]欧阳茜.电动汽车蓄电池智能管理系统:[硕士论文].浙江:浙江大学,2006
[12]郑杭波.新型电动汽车锂电池管理系统的研究与实现:[学位论文].北京:清华大学,2004
[13]Xiaopeng Wang.A Modular Battery Management System.The University of Toledo,2001
[2]USABC Awards ＄6.5 Million Battery Technology Development Contract To Enerl's EnerDel.http://www.uscar.org/guest/article_view.php?articles_id=175
[3]电动汽车用先进电池的现状及发展.http://www.91tech.net/Article/HardTech/PowerTech/200504/591.html
[4]Toshiba to Launch Innovative Rechargeable Battery Business.http://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/2007_12/pr1101.htm
[5]Greg Kable.Mercedes Maps a Blue Road to a Green World.Autoweek,2008,58(10)
[6]靳永利.锂离子电池钠米结构负极材料的研究:[硕士学位论文].新疆:新疆大学,2007
[7]Voelcker J.Lithium Batteries Take To The Road.IEEE Spectrum,2007,44(9):26-31
[8]潘靖.锂电池智能管理系统:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2004
[1]Cope R C and Podrazhansky Y.The Art of Battery Charging.In:14~(th) Annu.Baattery Conf.Application and Advances,1999:233-235.
[2]Burkett Wilford B,Bigbee Ⅲ and John H.Rapid Charging of Batteries.US Patent 3597673
[3]Yury Podrazhansky,Norcross,Phillip W.Popp and Doraville.Rapid Battery Charger,Discharger and Controller.US Patent 4829225
[4]Yury Podrazhansky and Phillip W.Popp.Charging,Thawing and Formating a Battery.US Patent 530700
[5]Hirokazu Hasegawa,Fujisawa and Yasutaka Iwao.Pulse Charging Method and A Charger.US Patent 5945811
[6]Liang-Rui Chen,A Design of an Optimal Battery Pulse Charge System by Frequency-Varied Technique.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2007,54(1):398-404
[7]Jun Li,Edward Murphy,Jack Winnick and Paul A.Kohl,The effects of pulse charging on cycling characteristics of commercial lithium-ion batteries.Journal of Power Sources,2001,102(1-2):302-309
[1]罗光毅.蓄电池智能管理系统:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2003
[2]姜雪松.隔离升压全桥DC-DC变换器拓扑理论和控制技术研究:[博士学位论文].北京:中国科学院,2005
[3]Kunrong Wang,Lee F C,Lai J.Operation Principles of Bi-directional Full-Bridge DC/DC Converter with Unified Soft Switching Scheme and Soft-starting Capability.Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2000,1:111-118
[4]Kunrong Wang,Lizhi Zhu,Dayu Qu.Design,Implementation,and Experimental Results of Bi-directional Full-Bridge DC/DC Converter with Unified Soft-Starting Capability.Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2000,2:1058-1063
[1]Brian T Kuhn,Grant E Pitel,Philip T Krein.Electrical Properties and Equalization of Lithium-Ion Cells in Automotive Applications.Vehicle Power and Propulsion,2005:56-59
[2]Gottwald T,Ye Z,Stuart T.Equalization of EV and HEV Batteries with a Ramp Converter.IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1997,33(1):307-312
[3]Moody M H.A High Reliability Battery Management System.J.Power Sources,1986,18:223-231
[4]Kutkut N H.A Modular Non-dissipative Current Diverter for EV Battery Charge Equalization.Applied Power Electronics Conference,1998,2:686-690
[5]Pascual C,Krein P T.Switched Capacitor System for Automatic Series Battery Equalization.Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,1997,2:848-854
[6]Kutkut N H.Non-dissipative Current Diverter Using a Centralized Multi-winding Transformer.Power Electronics Specialists Conference,1997,1:648-654
[7]Fang Fang.A Solid State Relay Battery Management System for Series Connected Batteries.The University of Toledo,2002
[8]Kutkut N H.A Modular Non-dissipative Current Diverter for EV Battery Charge Equalization.Applied Power Electronics Conference,1998,2:686-690
[9]Lee Yuang-Shung,Cheng Ming-Wang.Intelligent Control Battery Equalization for Series Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Strings.IEEE Trans.On Industrial Electronics,2005,52(5):1297-1307
[10]王伟.铅酸蓄电池管理系统实现的软硬件研究:[硕士论文].浙江:浙江大学,2005
[11]欧阳茜.电动汽车蓄电池智能管理系统:[硕士论文].浙江:浙江大学,2006
[12]郑杭波.新型电动汽车锂电池管理系统的研究与实现:[学位论文].北京:清华大学,2004
[13]Xiaopeng Wang.A Modular Battery Management System.The University of Toledo,2001