动态跟踪系统的性能模型研究及基于动态跟踪技术的机群监测软件的设计与实现
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摘要
近10年来,个人电脑在性能有了长足进步的同时,其价格也越来越便宜。因此在需要服务器的领域和在需要一定的运算性能的领域,以廉价的个人电脑而组建的机群正在以其不俗的性能和更低廉的价格逐渐在中低端服务器市场和商用机群市场中抢得一席之地。这种机群大多以开源软件为基础进行构建。一个不可否认的现状是:虽然单机环境下的各种软件均已成熟,但在机群环境中各种管理和控制软件却仍有待进步。对于监测软件,单机中已有各种实现,可以说监测技术和监测软件本身已经没有什么难点了,扩展到机群环境中时只需考虑其功能的扩展性和易用性即可。但事实却相反,目前大多数的监测软件均只能查看简单的全局信息。这其中存在两个问题:一是机群监测软件均只针对通用化的平台和通用化的目的进行构建;二是各种机群监测软件的开发中忽视了扩展性和可定制性。因此构建一个具备“动态”、“可扩展”特性的“全面”且“多功能”的适用于自我组建的中小规模机群的“可定制”的机群监测软件成为一个必要。
本文在详细分析了目前机群发展的现状和机群监测软件的现状之后,提出了评估机群监测软件的一系列标准。并针对这些标准进行了机群监测软件——DDTC/DDTS的设计和开发。
该监测软件基于动态跟踪系统而构建,因此在功能性和扩展性方面能够满足要求。软件本身是一个只提供基本功能的运行框架,通过插件机制来满足所需的动态性和多功能性的要求。
由于监测软件的一个重要评价标准是低侵扰性,因此在构建DDTC/DDTS前,本文还对动态跟踪系统(DTrace)进行了性能模型的分析,通过性能模型可以预判出监测软件在不同条件下会给被监测节点带来的性能影响情况。实践证明,在正常的使用情况下,对工作节点的侵扰度小于1%。
In the last 10 years,personal computer becomes cheaper and more powerful.The trend is that more and more PC clusters are applied as servers because they are cheap and as powerful as high-end servers and commercial clusters.Most of them are built with open-source software and free software.This raises the problem that there are lack of useful management software and monitoring software on PC cluster even though the relevant software is well-designed on single PCs.It is because most of them are designed for general purpose usage and designed for universal clusters. Another problem is that the design of these cluster management software and cluster monitoring software are not extensible and tailorable.Hence,we want to design and implement a new cluster monitor which is "dynamic","extensible","tailorable".And it will be deployed on small-scale non-comercial PC clusters only.
In the paper,we give out a survey about the clusters and the monitoring software first.After this,we put forward our criterions about what the cluster monitor should be.We build our cluster monitor,DDTC/DDTS,under the direction of these criterions.
The data-scope problem and extensibility problem will be well-solved because DDTC/DDTS is based on Dynamic Tracing System,which could tracing system as you want.Through our plug-in mechanism,the monitor's function could be extended easily by developing new plug-ins.
Another significant criterion is monitors' run-time affection on it resident systems.Before designing DDTC/DDTS,we model the performance of DTrace,and give expressions about the relation between probes and CPU usage.It is easy to estimate the affection brought in by DTrace scripts through this model.It is proved that the affection is less than one percent in general.
本文在详细分析了目前机群发展的现状和机群监测软件的现状之后,提出了评估机群监测软件的一系列标准。并针对这些标准进行了机群监测软件——DDTC/DDTS的设计和开发。
该监测软件基于动态跟踪系统而构建,因此在功能性和扩展性方面能够满足要求。软件本身是一个只提供基本功能的运行框架,通过插件机制来满足所需的动态性和多功能性的要求。
由于监测软件的一个重要评价标准是低侵扰性,因此在构建DDTC/DDTS前,本文还对动态跟踪系统(DTrace)进行了性能模型的分析,通过性能模型可以预判出监测软件在不同条件下会给被监测节点带来的性能影响情况。实践证明,在正常的使用情况下,对工作节点的侵扰度小于1%。
In the last 10 years,personal computer becomes cheaper and more powerful.The trend is that more and more PC clusters are applied as servers because they are cheap and as powerful as high-end servers and commercial clusters.Most of them are built with open-source software and free software.This raises the problem that there are lack of useful management software and monitoring software on PC cluster even though the relevant software is well-designed on single PCs.It is because most of them are designed for general purpose usage and designed for universal clusters. Another problem is that the design of these cluster management software and cluster monitoring software are not extensible and tailorable.Hence,we want to design and implement a new cluster monitor which is "dynamic","extensible","tailorable".And it will be deployed on small-scale non-comercial PC clusters only.
In the paper,we give out a survey about the clusters and the monitoring software first.After this,we put forward our criterions about what the cluster monitor should be.We build our cluster monitor,DDTC/DDTS,under the direction of these criterions.
The data-scope problem and extensibility problem will be well-solved because DDTC/DDTS is based on Dynamic Tracing System,which could tracing system as you want.Through our plug-in mechanism,the monitor's function could be extended easily by developing new plug-ins.
Another significant criterion is monitors' run-time affection on it resident systems.Before designing DDTC/DDTS,we model the performance of DTrace,and give expressions about the relation between probes and CPU usage.It is easy to estimate the affection brought in by DTrace scripts through this model.It is proved that the affection is less than one percent in general.
引文
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