基于DCS的循环流化床锅炉燃烧控制专家系统设计
摘要
循环流化床燃烧技术是近年来得到广泛应用的新型燃烧技术,主要应用于火力发电领域以代替传统的燃烧方法。循环流化床锅炉是一个大滞后、多变量耦合的控制对象,控制过程复杂。当前我国对于循环流化床锅炉的应用和控制还沿用手动控制方法。本文针对循环流化床锅炉控制中的燃烧控制问题,以75t/h循环流化床锅炉DCS系统项目为背景,开展了基于集散控制系统(DCS)的专家系统的研究与开发,模拟熟练工程技术人员的控制方法,对提高循环流化床锅炉自动化水平做了有益的尝试。
本文中应用CLIPS语言开发循环流化床锅炉燃烧控制的专家系统,应用模糊统计法对目标参数进行处理,用VC++编写用户界面,通过DLL混合方式编程设计VC++与CLIPS的接口,通过DDE动态数据交换技术实现专家系统与DCS系统之间的数据交换。
本文分析了汽包水位在蒸汽扰动和给水扰动下的动态特性,针对于此选用了三冲量水位控制方法,通过大量的现场调研和实际经验的总结,以山东沂水热电厂DCS项目为背景,设计了一套符合中、小电站锅炉的DCS系统。该系统集成了台湾盟立公司的下位控制硬件FAMA系列产品和美国控软公司的PLC控制软件SoftPLC,采用下位机控制网络和上位机以太网相结合,满足了数据通讯的需要。
本文详述了DCS系统的组态方案,包括下位机的数据采集,数据通讯,PLC控制程序编程,以及上位机的监控画面,报警和历史数据查询。本DCS系统经过现场的组态和调试,最终实现了控制设计要求,在系统实际运行中,取得了很好的控制效果。
Recently as a new burning technology, Circulating Fluidized Bed(CFB) burning technology is widely applied in fire power based electrical generation industry in stead of the traditional methods. CFB Boiler has the features of large-delay, coupling tightly, multivariable and complicated control process. Currently in power plant, the main control process is still handled by manual operation. Focusing on the burning control issue of 75t/h CFB project. The further researches about expert system based on Distributed Control System(DCS) are carried out by simulating the manual control method of skilled engineers, The work provides a good trial on enhancing automation level of the CFB Boiler. The following works are focused:
Expert system is developed in C Language Integrated Production System(CLIPS) and applied to deal with the parameter with Fuzzy Statistic. Visual C++ is used to develop the interface with the CLIPS through the Dynamic Link Library(DLL) mixed programming. With the Dynamic Data Exchange(DDE) expert system fulfills the function of communication with the DCS.
Three-parameter control arithmetic is used after analyzing the water level dynamic characteristics under water supply and steam disturbance. By many investigation and practice and based on the engineering in Yishui city, the DCS is designed to integrate FAMA series control hardware (from Mirle Inc.) with SoftPLC control software (from Controlsoft Inc.). Combining with the control net and Ethernet, data communication can conform to the design requirements. DCS configuration includes data collecting, communication, PLC
programming, HMI designing, warning and history data querying. Through testing in running the DCS fulfills the control requirements and the excellent control effect is achieved.
本文中应用CLIPS语言开发循环流化床锅炉燃烧控制的专家系统,应用模糊统计法对目标参数进行处理,用VC++编写用户界面,通过DLL混合方式编程设计VC++与CLIPS的接口,通过DDE动态数据交换技术实现专家系统与DCS系统之间的数据交换。
本文分析了汽包水位在蒸汽扰动和给水扰动下的动态特性,针对于此选用了三冲量水位控制方法,通过大量的现场调研和实际经验的总结,以山东沂水热电厂DCS项目为背景,设计了一套符合中、小电站锅炉的DCS系统。该系统集成了台湾盟立公司的下位控制硬件FAMA系列产品和美国控软公司的PLC控制软件SoftPLC,采用下位机控制网络和上位机以太网相结合,满足了数据通讯的需要。
本文详述了DCS系统的组态方案,包括下位机的数据采集,数据通讯,PLC控制程序编程,以及上位机的监控画面,报警和历史数据查询。本DCS系统经过现场的组态和调试,最终实现了控制设计要求,在系统实际运行中,取得了很好的控制效果。
Recently as a new burning technology, Circulating Fluidized Bed(CFB) burning technology is widely applied in fire power based electrical generation industry in stead of the traditional methods. CFB Boiler has the features of large-delay, coupling tightly, multivariable and complicated control process. Currently in power plant, the main control process is still handled by manual operation. Focusing on the burning control issue of 75t/h CFB project. The further researches about expert system based on Distributed Control System(DCS) are carried out by simulating the manual control method of skilled engineers, The work provides a good trial on enhancing automation level of the CFB Boiler. The following works are focused:
Expert system is developed in C Language Integrated Production System(CLIPS) and applied to deal with the parameter with Fuzzy Statistic. Visual C++ is used to develop the interface with the CLIPS through the Dynamic Link Library(DLL) mixed programming. With the Dynamic Data Exchange(DDE) expert system fulfills the function of communication with the DCS.
Three-parameter control arithmetic is used after analyzing the water level dynamic characteristics under water supply and steam disturbance. By many investigation and practice and based on the engineering in Yishui city, the DCS is designed to integrate FAMA series control hardware (from Mirle Inc.) with SoftPLC control software (from Controlsoft Inc.). Combining with the control net and Ethernet, data communication can conform to the design requirements. DCS configuration includes data collecting, communication, PLC
programming, HMI designing, warning and history data querying. Through testing in running the DCS fulfills the control requirements and the excellent control effect is achieved.
引文
1 金以慧.过程控制.清华大学出版社,1993
2 崔铁军.循环流化床锅炉 DCS 控制系统的研究与应用.大连海事大学硕士学位论文.2004
3 A. Kaya. On the Control Methods of Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Boilers For Power Generation. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbine and Power, 1989, 6(11): 685~693
4 陆继东,沈凯等.循环流化床锅炉燃烧专家控制系统开发.中国工程热物理学会第十届年会,014063: 141~146
5 蔡自兴.智能控制.电子工业出版社,2004
6 J. Harrington. Using Expert System To Analyze ATE Data.Proceeding of Third Conference on CLIPS, 1994: 117~125
7 J. Giarratano, G. Riley 著.印鉴等译.专家系统原理与编程.机械工业出版社,2000
8 吴昊.小型组合式冷库设计专家系统.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2002
9 岑可法.循环流化床锅炉理论设计与运行.中国电力出版社,1998
10 辽宁省电力工业局.锅炉运行.中国电力出版社,2000
11 辽宁省电力工业局.汽轮机运行.中国电力出版社,2000
12 U. Kortela, E. Kotajervi. Modeling, Simulation and Control of Fluidized Bed Combustion Process. International Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 1994, 14(3): 92~97
13 T. Hyppanen, Y. Y. Lee and A. Rainio. A Three Dimensional Model For Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion. Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology, 1990: 563~568
14 F. Johnsson, B. Leckner. Vertical Distribution of Soilds In a CFB Furnace
13th Int. Conf. On FBC, Orlando, USA, 1993
15 P. C. Saraiva, M. G. Garvalho. Mathematical Simulation of a CirculatingFluidized Bed Combustor. Combst. Sci. and Tech, 1993, (93): 223~243
16 D. Montat, T. Dimaggio. 1D two phase description of the thermal hydraulic behaviour of the furnace of E.Huchet 125 MW CFB bolier, 5th Int. Conf. CFB, Bejing, China: 1995
17 J. Werther, J. Wein. Expansion Behavior of Gas Fluidized Beds In the Turbulent Regime. AICHE Symp., 1994, (90): 31~49
18 V. Weib, F. N. Fett, H. Helmrich and K. Janssen. Mathematical Modeling of Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactors by Reference to a Solids Decomposition Reaction and Coal Combustion. Chem. Eng. Process, 1987, (22): 79~90
19 四川省电力工业局.火力发电.中国电力出版社,2003
20 俞海滨,古勇等.循环流化床锅炉燃烧系统专家智能控制.浙江大学学报.1998(6): 757~763
21 G. Prasad, E. Swidenbank. A Neural net model-based multivariable long-rangepredictive control strategy applied in thermal power plant control. EnergyConversion, IEEE Transaction on, 1998, 13(2): 485~492
22 Chyi-Tsong Chen, Shih-Tien Peng. Learning control of process systems with hard input constraints. Journal of Process Control. 1999, 9:151~160
23 NASA, CLIPS Reference Manual Volume I/II, 1998, 8
24 吴鹤龄.专家系统工具 CLIPS 及其应用.北京理工大学出版社,1991
25 P. R. Sarma, Development of an Expert System For Power Quality Advisement Using CLIPS 6.0, Tennessee Technological University, the Third Conference of CLIPS proceddings, 1994
26 Mohamed A Nour. A CLIPS-based Expert System For the Evaluation and Selection of Robots. Proceedings of the Third Conference on CLIPS, 1994
27 沈滨,焦自平,刘云秋.专家系统的基本原理和基于 CLIPS 的专家系统设计与实现.常州大学学报,2003, 32(3): 50~53
28 吴峰,卢燕.用 CLIPS 实现基于二叉树知识的汽车故障诊断.青岛建筑工程学院学报,2002, 23(4): 98~102
29 李士勇.模糊控制·神经控制和智能控制论.哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2002
30 D. J. Krulinski.Visual C++ 技术内幕.潘爱民,王国印等译.清华大学出版社,1998
31 李存军等.Visual C++6.0 编程.电子科技大学出版社,1999
32 DCS 系统工程师手册.深圳达实智能股份有限公司.2004
33 FAMA Module User manual. Mirle Corporation. 2003
34 SoftPLC programming manual. SoftPLC, Corporation. 2001
35 FIX32 Network Configuration Reference Intelltion Corporation. 2001
36 IFIX User Guide. Intellution Corporation. 2000
37 谢小方,姜震.一种结合 CLIPS 与 VC++开发专家系统的方法,计算机系统应用.2004, (12): 61~63
38 姜谙男,赵德孝等.基于内嵌 CLIPS 的井巷硐室支护设计专家系统.中国矿业.2005, 14(3): 69~72
39 黄振,谭志洪.基于 CLIPS 平台的压缩机故障诊断系统.南昌大学学报.2004, 26(2): 54~57
40 王宇宙,赵宗涛.CLIPS 中文应用开发环境设计与实现.计算机应用.2003, 23(2): 85~87
41 Fuzzy CLIPS version 6.04a User’s Guide, Integrated Reasoning Institute for Information Technology National Research Council Canada, 1998(10)
42 T. G. Freund. QPA-CLIPS: a Language and Representation for Process Control. the Third Conference of CLIPS Proceedings, 1994
2 崔铁军.循环流化床锅炉 DCS 控制系统的研究与应用.大连海事大学硕士学位论文.2004
3 A. Kaya. On the Control Methods of Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Boilers For Power Generation. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbine and Power, 1989, 6(11): 685~693
4 陆继东,沈凯等.循环流化床锅炉燃烧专家控制系统开发.中国工程热物理学会第十届年会,014063: 141~146
5 蔡自兴.智能控制.电子工业出版社,2004
6 J. Harrington. Using Expert System To Analyze ATE Data.Proceeding of Third Conference on CLIPS, 1994: 117~125
7 J. Giarratano, G. Riley 著.印鉴等译.专家系统原理与编程.机械工业出版社,2000
8 吴昊.小型组合式冷库设计专家系统.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2002
9 岑可法.循环流化床锅炉理论设计与运行.中国电力出版社,1998
10 辽宁省电力工业局.锅炉运行.中国电力出版社,2000
11 辽宁省电力工业局.汽轮机运行.中国电力出版社,2000
12 U. Kortela, E. Kotajervi. Modeling, Simulation and Control of Fluidized Bed Combustion Process. International Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 1994, 14(3): 92~97
13 T. Hyppanen, Y. Y. Lee and A. Rainio. A Three Dimensional Model For Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion. Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology, 1990: 563~568
14 F. Johnsson, B. Leckner. Vertical Distribution of Soilds In a CFB Furnace
13th Int. Conf. On FBC, Orlando, USA, 1993
15 P. C. Saraiva, M. G. Garvalho. Mathematical Simulation of a CirculatingFluidized Bed Combustor. Combst. Sci. and Tech, 1993, (93): 223~243
16 D. Montat, T. Dimaggio. 1D two phase description of the thermal hydraulic behaviour of the furnace of E.Huchet 125 MW CFB bolier, 5th Int. Conf. CFB, Bejing, China: 1995
17 J. Werther, J. Wein. Expansion Behavior of Gas Fluidized Beds In the Turbulent Regime. AICHE Symp., 1994, (90): 31~49
18 V. Weib, F. N. Fett, H. Helmrich and K. Janssen. Mathematical Modeling of Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactors by Reference to a Solids Decomposition Reaction and Coal Combustion. Chem. Eng. Process, 1987, (22): 79~90
19 四川省电力工业局.火力发电.中国电力出版社,2003
20 俞海滨,古勇等.循环流化床锅炉燃烧系统专家智能控制.浙江大学学报.1998(6): 757~763
21 G. Prasad, E. Swidenbank. A Neural net model-based multivariable long-rangepredictive control strategy applied in thermal power plant control. EnergyConversion, IEEE Transaction on, 1998, 13(2): 485~492
22 Chyi-Tsong Chen, Shih-Tien Peng. Learning control of process systems with hard input constraints. Journal of Process Control. 1999, 9:151~160
23 NASA, CLIPS Reference Manual Volume I/II, 1998, 8
24 吴鹤龄.专家系统工具 CLIPS 及其应用.北京理工大学出版社,1991
25 P. R. Sarma, Development of an Expert System For Power Quality Advisement Using CLIPS 6.0, Tennessee Technological University, the Third Conference of CLIPS proceddings, 1994
26 Mohamed A Nour. A CLIPS-based Expert System For the Evaluation and Selection of Robots. Proceedings of the Third Conference on CLIPS, 1994
27 沈滨,焦自平,刘云秋.专家系统的基本原理和基于 CLIPS 的专家系统设计与实现.常州大学学报,2003, 32(3): 50~53
28 吴峰,卢燕.用 CLIPS 实现基于二叉树知识的汽车故障诊断.青岛建筑工程学院学报,2002, 23(4): 98~102
29 李士勇.模糊控制·神经控制和智能控制论.哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2002
30 D. J. Krulinski.Visual C++ 技术内幕.潘爱民,王国印等译.清华大学出版社,1998
31 李存军等.Visual C++6.0 编程.电子科技大学出版社,1999
32 DCS 系统工程师手册.深圳达实智能股份有限公司.2004
33 FAMA Module User manual. Mirle Corporation. 2003
34 SoftPLC programming manual. SoftPLC, Corporation. 2001
35 FIX32 Network Configuration Reference Intelltion Corporation. 2001
36 IFIX User Guide. Intellution Corporation. 2000
37 谢小方,姜震.一种结合 CLIPS 与 VC++开发专家系统的方法,计算机系统应用.2004, (12): 61~63
38 姜谙男,赵德孝等.基于内嵌 CLIPS 的井巷硐室支护设计专家系统.中国矿业.2005, 14(3): 69~72
39 黄振,谭志洪.基于 CLIPS 平台的压缩机故障诊断系统.南昌大学学报.2004, 26(2): 54~57
40 王宇宙,赵宗涛.CLIPS 中文应用开发环境设计与实现.计算机应用.2003, 23(2): 85~87
41 Fuzzy CLIPS version 6.04a User’s Guide, Integrated Reasoning Institute for Information Technology National Research Council Canada, 1998(10)
42 T. G. Freund. QPA-CLIPS: a Language and Representation for Process Control. the Third Conference of CLIPS Proceedings, 1994