中国油气田企业采油过程节能降耗绩效评价研究
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摘要
石油自本世纪初开始为人类大规模开发、利用以来,各国油气田企业在石油开采过程中存在着大量的能量消耗问题,采油过程本身也需要消耗大量的电、煤、汽、柴油、自用原油、天然气等能源。能源消耗占开采成本中的比例成逐年上升趋势。
在强劲的全球经济带动下,石油消费增长已成为普遍现象。与快速增长的需求相比,世界石油资源的储备量越来越少。目前,我国石油供需不平衡的状况日渐突出,石油利用率低、石油消费结构不合理、污染严重等问题在一定程度上制约着我国经济的发展。而且,大多数油田都已进入开发的中后期,开采难度越来越大。因此,对我国油气田企业采油过程进行能耗分析及绩效研究,努力提高能源利用效率,控制资源浪费,在当前能源紧张,石油资源利用形势日益严峻的情况下,具有重要的理论研究意义和实际应用价值。
论文取得了下列研究成果:
1.分析了油气田企业绩效评价的现状及存在的问题,构建油气田企业采油过程节能降耗的多目标、多层次、多准则综合评价指标体系,采用定性和定量相结合的层次分析法,设计评价指标的权重,兼顾综合评价指标和各单项指标,使评价指标体系更加全面客观。
2.提出了评价油气田企业采油过程节能降耗绩效的动态DEA模型,通过被评价对象当前和以往绩效的纵向比较,以及被评价对象之间绩效的横向比较,解决了评价结果常常受被评价对象的实力影响的问题,可客观地反映被评价对象的主观努力程度,使评价结果更趋于客观公正。
3.提出了基于聚类分析和动态DEA模型的相对绩效评价方法,指出标杆管理是提升采油过程节能降耗绩效评价的有效途径;采用回归分析方法分析了大庆油田某采油厂采油过程节能降耗各影响因素对实现节能降耗目标的作用大小,便于决策者设计相应的改进策略;建立了油气田企业采油过程节能降耗绩效综合评价指标体系,运用AHP方法确定评价指标体系中各指标的权重。
4.选取大庆油田某采油厂六个下属单位2006年和2007年采油过程节能降耗数据,采用评价相对绩效的动态DEA模型,通过数学变换,评价下属单位节能降耗的相对绩效;在此基础上,分析了大庆油田某采油厂从2006年至未来的2010年中不同年度节能降耗绩效的动态变化趋势及存在的问题,提出了油气田企业提高节能降耗绩效和实现可持续发展的政策建议。
论文的研究对于开展我国油气田企业采油过程的能耗分析和节能降耗绩效评价研究具有重要的理论指导意义和借鉴价值。对于加强我国石油节能高效利用,实践科学发展观、发展循环经济和坚持走可持续发展道路,为我国在世界能源匮乏的大环境下提高国际竞争力提供强有力的理论支持。
Oil has been large-scale developed and used for human since the beginning of last century, each country’s oil and gas corporations have the problem of energy consumption in the developing process, oil extraction process needs lots of electricity, coal, gas, diesel oil, crude oil of help itself, natural gas and so on. The cost of energy consumption accounted for the mining increasing year by year.
Driven by the strong global economy, growth in the oil consumption has become a common phenomenon. With the fast-growing demand, the reserve of the world's oil resources has become less and less. At present, the supply and demand imbalances of oil have become increasingly prominent, problems such as low utilization rate of oil, irrationality of oil consumption structure, serious pollution in certain extent, they restrict the development of China's economy. Moreover, most of the oil fields have entered the mid-and late, the mining become more and more difficult. So, we can analyze the energy consumption and study the performance for the oil extraction process of oil and gas corporation in our country, make efforts to improve energy efficiency, control the waste of resources, at the present, energy crisis and the use of oil resources in an increasingly grim situation, it has important value of theoretical study and practical application.
This thesis firstly analyzes the current situation performance evaluation and problem of oil and gas corporation,establishes the synthetic evaluation indicator system of oil-gas field enterprises for the extraction process, using analytic hierarchy process to determine the indicators’weight of synthetic evaluation indicator system. Then, the thesis presents a dynamic DEA relative performance evaluation model of the energy conservation in extraction process of oil-gas field enterprises, through longitudinally compares the current and the former performance of the evaluated object, and the transverse performance of the evaluated object, it objectively reflected the object the subjective level of effort what the evaluated object did.
Thirdly, it proposes the relative performance assessment method based on the cluster analysis and the dynamic DEA method, pointing out that benchmarking management is the efficient path to promote the evaluation performance of energy saving in the extraction process. Next, using the regression analysis method, it analyzes the function of every influencing factors of saving energy and reducing consumption in the extraction process of an oil extraction plant in Daqing Oil Field,which is convenient for making strategy, then, it studies the influence factors and makes the synthetic evaluation index system of energy saving, and uses the AHP method to get the weights of index.
Furthermore, the data of six oil sub-factories in 2006 and 2007 during the work of saving energy and reducing consumption are had, by the dynamic DEA model for relative performance and a mathematical transform, the relative performance of them are made. In the end, dynamic changeable trend and existing questions of the performance of saving energy and reducing consumption of an oil factory from the year of 2006 to the coming 2010 is analyzed, and corrsponding policy recommendations for improving the performance of saving energy and reducing consumption and realizing sustainable development are put forward.
The research of this thesis has great theory guiding sense and reference value, for evaluating the research on the energy consumption analysis and energy conservation. It has great supporting theory for stretching efficient use of our country, practicing the scientific concept of development, developing circular economy and sticking to the road of sustainable development
在强劲的全球经济带动下,石油消费增长已成为普遍现象。与快速增长的需求相比,世界石油资源的储备量越来越少。目前,我国石油供需不平衡的状况日渐突出,石油利用率低、石油消费结构不合理、污染严重等问题在一定程度上制约着我国经济的发展。而且,大多数油田都已进入开发的中后期,开采难度越来越大。因此,对我国油气田企业采油过程进行能耗分析及绩效研究,努力提高能源利用效率,控制资源浪费,在当前能源紧张,石油资源利用形势日益严峻的情况下,具有重要的理论研究意义和实际应用价值。
论文取得了下列研究成果:
1.分析了油气田企业绩效评价的现状及存在的问题,构建油气田企业采油过程节能降耗的多目标、多层次、多准则综合评价指标体系,采用定性和定量相结合的层次分析法,设计评价指标的权重,兼顾综合评价指标和各单项指标,使评价指标体系更加全面客观。
2.提出了评价油气田企业采油过程节能降耗绩效的动态DEA模型,通过被评价对象当前和以往绩效的纵向比较,以及被评价对象之间绩效的横向比较,解决了评价结果常常受被评价对象的实力影响的问题,可客观地反映被评价对象的主观努力程度,使评价结果更趋于客观公正。
3.提出了基于聚类分析和动态DEA模型的相对绩效评价方法,指出标杆管理是提升采油过程节能降耗绩效评价的有效途径;采用回归分析方法分析了大庆油田某采油厂采油过程节能降耗各影响因素对实现节能降耗目标的作用大小,便于决策者设计相应的改进策略;建立了油气田企业采油过程节能降耗绩效综合评价指标体系,运用AHP方法确定评价指标体系中各指标的权重。
4.选取大庆油田某采油厂六个下属单位2006年和2007年采油过程节能降耗数据,采用评价相对绩效的动态DEA模型,通过数学变换,评价下属单位节能降耗的相对绩效;在此基础上,分析了大庆油田某采油厂从2006年至未来的2010年中不同年度节能降耗绩效的动态变化趋势及存在的问题,提出了油气田企业提高节能降耗绩效和实现可持续发展的政策建议。
论文的研究对于开展我国油气田企业采油过程的能耗分析和节能降耗绩效评价研究具有重要的理论指导意义和借鉴价值。对于加强我国石油节能高效利用,实践科学发展观、发展循环经济和坚持走可持续发展道路,为我国在世界能源匮乏的大环境下提高国际竞争力提供强有力的理论支持。
Oil has been large-scale developed and used for human since the beginning of last century, each country’s oil and gas corporations have the problem of energy consumption in the developing process, oil extraction process needs lots of electricity, coal, gas, diesel oil, crude oil of help itself, natural gas and so on. The cost of energy consumption accounted for the mining increasing year by year.
Driven by the strong global economy, growth in the oil consumption has become a common phenomenon. With the fast-growing demand, the reserve of the world's oil resources has become less and less. At present, the supply and demand imbalances of oil have become increasingly prominent, problems such as low utilization rate of oil, irrationality of oil consumption structure, serious pollution in certain extent, they restrict the development of China's economy. Moreover, most of the oil fields have entered the mid-and late, the mining become more and more difficult. So, we can analyze the energy consumption and study the performance for the oil extraction process of oil and gas corporation in our country, make efforts to improve energy efficiency, control the waste of resources, at the present, energy crisis and the use of oil resources in an increasingly grim situation, it has important value of theoretical study and practical application.
This thesis firstly analyzes the current situation performance evaluation and problem of oil and gas corporation,establishes the synthetic evaluation indicator system of oil-gas field enterprises for the extraction process, using analytic hierarchy process to determine the indicators’weight of synthetic evaluation indicator system. Then, the thesis presents a dynamic DEA relative performance evaluation model of the energy conservation in extraction process of oil-gas field enterprises, through longitudinally compares the current and the former performance of the evaluated object, and the transverse performance of the evaluated object, it objectively reflected the object the subjective level of effort what the evaluated object did.
Thirdly, it proposes the relative performance assessment method based on the cluster analysis and the dynamic DEA method, pointing out that benchmarking management is the efficient path to promote the evaluation performance of energy saving in the extraction process. Next, using the regression analysis method, it analyzes the function of every influencing factors of saving energy and reducing consumption in the extraction process of an oil extraction plant in Daqing Oil Field,which is convenient for making strategy, then, it studies the influence factors and makes the synthetic evaluation index system of energy saving, and uses the AHP method to get the weights of index.
Furthermore, the data of six oil sub-factories in 2006 and 2007 during the work of saving energy and reducing consumption are had, by the dynamic DEA model for relative performance and a mathematical transform, the relative performance of them are made. In the end, dynamic changeable trend and existing questions of the performance of saving energy and reducing consumption of an oil factory from the year of 2006 to the coming 2010 is analyzed, and corrsponding policy recommendations for improving the performance of saving energy and reducing consumption and realizing sustainable development are put forward.
The research of this thesis has great theory guiding sense and reference value, for evaluating the research on the energy consumption analysis and energy conservation. It has great supporting theory for stretching efficient use of our country, practicing the scientific concept of development, developing circular economy and sticking to the road of sustainable development
引文
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