发动机电喷系统气体状态参数的预估及模型研究
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摘要
为了降低油耗以及满足日益严格的汽车排放法规要求,越来越多的汽油机采用电子控制技术。伴随着电子和计算机技术的发展,发动机控制策略也在不断更新,进步。由于电控系统中部分传感器的响应以及随后的信号处理和计算等过程都需要一定的时间,造成了时间的延迟,并且一些传感器价格昂贵不适宜电控单元所采用,因此本文引入了一种气体状态参数预估理论,初步研究了用某些参数的估算值代替传感器的测量值来对发动机进行控制的方法,并成功应用于实际发动机电控系统。
本文首先介绍了气体流量、压力和温度预估的一般模型。预估模型分为三个模块:流量预估、压力预估和温度预估,三者相互依赖、相互影响是一个有机整体。对不同的预估对象和不同的预估条件,预估的方法也有差异。然后针对发动机电控系统中的一些重要控制参数提出了相应的预估计算式并对估算过程中需要修正的一些影响参数进行了详细分析。
选取一台排量为1.8L的直列四缸汽油机在发动机台架上进行了大量的实验研究。完成了对该发动机进气流量、排气背压、进气温度、排气口温度以及排气总管的温度预估。而后根据在所有工况点下采集的数据将预估值与实测值做了分析比较,结果显示预估值和实测值比较一致,表明用一些参数的预估值代替传感器的测量值来对发动机进行控制的方法,应用在发动机电控系统中能够取得比较满意的效果。
In order to reduce the fuel consumption to meet the standard of vehicle exhaust legislation which becomes more rigorous, more and more engines applied electronic control technology. With the development of electronic and computer technology, the control strategy of automobile engines has being updated continually. Due to some of the sensors response of the electronic control system and the subsequent signal processing and computing processes all require a certain amount of time, it caused some delay, and some sensors are expensive which are not suitable for electronic control unit, therefore, this article introduces an estimation theory, which preliminarily studies on the application of estimation of parameters in place of the sensor measurement to the engine electronic control system.
This thesis first introduces the general model of the estimation of the gas flow、pressure and temperature in the engine. The estimated model is divided into three modules: flow estimation, pressure estimation and temperature estimation. The three is an organic whole which is interdependent and interacting. The method of estimation is different according to different objects and different conditions of the estimation, and it brings forward a corresponding calculation method aimed at some of the important control parameters of the engine electronic control system and makes a detailed analysis of some certain influencing parameters which need to be corrected in the process of estimation.
we did a great amount of experiment research on the engine bench with a 1.8 L inline four-cylinder gasoline engine. The estimation of the intake air flow、the exhaust back pressure、the intake air temperature、the exhaust port gas temperature and the exhaust manifold temperature were accomplished. The estimated value at all points of condition were compared with the measured values,the results show that they are very consistent, indicating that the result can be satisfied to used the estimated values of some parameters instead of the measured values got from the sensors in engine electronic control system.
本文首先介绍了气体流量、压力和温度预估的一般模型。预估模型分为三个模块:流量预估、压力预估和温度预估,三者相互依赖、相互影响是一个有机整体。对不同的预估对象和不同的预估条件,预估的方法也有差异。然后针对发动机电控系统中的一些重要控制参数提出了相应的预估计算式并对估算过程中需要修正的一些影响参数进行了详细分析。
选取一台排量为1.8L的直列四缸汽油机在发动机台架上进行了大量的实验研究。完成了对该发动机进气流量、排气背压、进气温度、排气口温度以及排气总管的温度预估。而后根据在所有工况点下采集的数据将预估值与实测值做了分析比较,结果显示预估值和实测值比较一致,表明用一些参数的预估值代替传感器的测量值来对发动机进行控制的方法,应用在发动机电控系统中能够取得比较满意的效果。
In order to reduce the fuel consumption to meet the standard of vehicle exhaust legislation which becomes more rigorous, more and more engines applied electronic control technology. With the development of electronic and computer technology, the control strategy of automobile engines has being updated continually. Due to some of the sensors response of the electronic control system and the subsequent signal processing and computing processes all require a certain amount of time, it caused some delay, and some sensors are expensive which are not suitable for electronic control unit, therefore, this article introduces an estimation theory, which preliminarily studies on the application of estimation of parameters in place of the sensor measurement to the engine electronic control system.
This thesis first introduces the general model of the estimation of the gas flow、pressure and temperature in the engine. The estimated model is divided into three modules: flow estimation, pressure estimation and temperature estimation. The three is an organic whole which is interdependent and interacting. The method of estimation is different according to different objects and different conditions of the estimation, and it brings forward a corresponding calculation method aimed at some of the important control parameters of the engine electronic control system and makes a detailed analysis of some certain influencing parameters which need to be corrected in the process of estimation.
we did a great amount of experiment research on the engine bench with a 1.8 L inline four-cylinder gasoline engine. The estimation of the intake air flow、the exhaust back pressure、the intake air temperature、the exhaust port gas temperature and the exhaust manifold temperature were accomplished. The estimated value at all points of condition were compared with the measured values,the results show that they are very consistent, indicating that the result can be satisfied to used the estimated values of some parameters instead of the measured values got from the sensors in engine electronic control system.
引文
[1]李卓,FAI电喷摩托车ECU的研发及怠速控制的研究:[硕士学位论文],天津大学,2007
[2] [日]丰田汽车公司,杨延相译,汽车用发动机技术的发展动向,天津大学内燃机燃烧学国家重点实验室,1997
[3]李国勇,电控汽油机智能控制策略及故障诊断的研究:[博士学位论文],太原理工大学,2007
[4]庄蔚敏,庄继德.汽车政策法规与汽车产业发展[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社,2006,1~4
[5] Dick H. King著,星关等译,发动机计算机管理系统汽车电喷技术,北京:电子工业出版社,1999
[6]陈渝光,李山,廖仕利等,采用遗传算法的汽车发动机模糊控制研究.汽车工程,2005,27(2):182~185
[7]王军,房世庆,张付军等,汽油发动机电控系统的应用研究,内燃机工程,1997,18(1):16~21
[8] Hazell P. A, J. O. Flower, Discrete Modeling of Spark Ignition Engines for Control Purposes. Int. J. on Control. 1993, (2):625~632
[9] Powell B. K. A, Dynamic Model for Automotive Engine Control Analysis. In:Proc. 18th IEEE Conf. Decision and Control. 1994, (4):120~126
[10] Ulrich Adler,Automotive Electric/Electronic System, Robert Bosch GmbH,1998
[11] J.J.Moskwa, J.K.Hedrick. Modeling and validation of automotive engines for control algorithm development. ASME Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions and Automation in Design, 1992, 114(2):278~285
[12]张翠平,杨庆佛,韩以伦,汽油机怠速稳定性的模糊控制仿真研究[J].内燃机工程,2003,24(4):38~41
[13]秦贵和,葛安林,王春蕾,模糊逻辑在汽车电子控制中的应用,汽车工程,1999,21(5):275~279
[14]陈恒,张玉琢,左晓阳等,基于遗传算法的发动机模糊控制[J],计算机仿真,2002,19(3):40~44
[15]黄强,宾鸿赞,高世伦等,改进模糊控制在燃油喷射系统中的应用[J],小型内燃机与摩托车,2005,34(5):5~8
[16]葛召炎,汽车发动机的变结构控制和智能控制方法研究:[博士学位论文],湖南大学,2003
[17] Clarke D W,Mohtadi,C. Properties of Generalized predictive control. Automatic, 1989,25(6):859~875
[18] Clarke D W,Mohtadi,C. and Tuffs,P.S. Generalized Predictive control.Part 1 and Part 2 Basic Algorithm. Automatica,1987,23(2):137~162
[19] Rouhani R, Mehra R K. Model Algorithm Control Basic Theoretical Properties. Automatica, 1982,18(4):401~414
[20] Wang Wei. Generalized predictive control of nonlinear system of the Hammerstein form [J]. Control Theory and Applications, 1994, 11(6):672 ~680
[21] Xi Y. New design method for discrete time multivariable predictive controllers [J].Int.J.Control, 1989, 49(1):45~51
[22]张金龙,赵芙生,汽油发动机怠速的预测控制[J],南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(1):50~52
[23]刘福才等,一种基于滑模的广义预测控制新算法[J],系统仿真学报,2002,14(10):1348~1351
[24]郭健,一类非线性系统的广义预测控制研究[博士学位论文],南京理工大学,2002
[25]席裕庚,预测控制[M],北京:北京国防工业出版社,1993
[26] Eric W. Curtis, Charles F. Aquino, David K. Trumpy, et al, A new port and cylinder wall wetting model to predict transient air/fuel excursions in a port fuel injected engine, SAE Paper 961186, 1996
[27] Marquardt D. AN Algorithm for Least-Squares Estimation of no-linear Parameters[J].SIAM J Appl Math,1983,11(4):431~441
[28] Asik J R, Peters J M, Tang D X. Transient A/F Estimation and control Using a Neural Network. SAE Paper 970619, 1997
[29]杨斌,王绍光,瞬态空燃比控制策略研究及智能控制的应用,内燃机工程,2002,23(5):10~14
[30]李进,欧阳明高,电控发动机排气温度动态估计算法,汽车工程,2006,28(4):327~328
[31] Elbert H ,SpencerC S .Mean value modeling of spark ignition engines[J] .SAE Paper,90 0616
[32] Hendricks E .The analysis of mean value S I engine model[J].SAE Paper ,92068
[33] PowellJ D ,FekoteN P,C hangC F , Observer-based air-fuel ratio control [J].IEEE Control System Magazine,1998,18 (5 ) ;7 2-8 2
[34] ServatiH B, Delosh R G .A regression model for volumetric efficiency[ J] .SAE Paper,860328.
[35] Scherer M ,Ganser T . Data fusing for optimization of spark ignition engine control [J].SPIE,1997,2784:50-60
[36]王绍銧,汽车电子学[M] 1北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[37]杨兆升,朱中,基于卡尔曼滤波理论的交通流量实时预测模型[ J],中国公路学报.1999,12(3):63~67
[38]顾维东,电喷摩托车发动机空燃比控制的研究:[博士学位论文],天津大学,2006
[39]刘萍,王丛祥,姚喜贵,用发动机进气压力计算充气效率的试验研究,农机化研究,2001,5:107~108
[40] Wright John F, Boewe Daniel E. System for Estimating Engine Exhaust Pressure: US, 20030188531 A1 [ P ]. 2003-10-09.
[41] Hiroyuki Itoyama, Hiroyuki Aizawa. Apparatus for Estimating Pressure in Intake System and Exhaust System of Internal Combus2tion Engine: UK, GB2329040 A[ P ]. 1999-10-03.
[42] Brackney Larry J. System for Controlling Engine Exhaust Temperature: US,6550464 B1 [ P ]. 2003-04-22.
[43]黄粤,韦桂兰,CFM56-3C-1发动机排气超温的分析研究,航空发动机2003, 29(01):14~16
[44] Akio Matsunaga, Masato Katsuno. EGR gas Temperature Estimation Apparatus for Internal Combustion Engine: US, 20040084030A1 [ P ]. 2004-05-06.
[45]邓琦,金迪武,皮俊,德尔福电喷系统工作原理,汽车电器,2007,3:26~31
[46]周云山,钟勇,汽车电子控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[47]赵福堂,汽车电器与电子设备(第2版)[M],北京:北京理工大学出版,2005
[48]杨生辉,汽车电器与电子技术[M],北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[49]周同政,李金学,电喷发动机传感器故障的检测与诊断[J],汽车电器,2005,(11):23~25.
[50]包俊江,杨延相,金中国等.闭环控制电喷摩托车氧传感器的研究,小型内燃机与摩托车,2003
[51]陶国良,郭连,电子节气门技术的发展现状及趋势,车用发动机, 2003(4):1~5
[2] [日]丰田汽车公司,杨延相译,汽车用发动机技术的发展动向,天津大学内燃机燃烧学国家重点实验室,1997
[3]李国勇,电控汽油机智能控制策略及故障诊断的研究:[博士学位论文],太原理工大学,2007
[4]庄蔚敏,庄继德.汽车政策法规与汽车产业发展[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社,2006,1~4
[5] Dick H. King著,星关等译,发动机计算机管理系统汽车电喷技术,北京:电子工业出版社,1999
[6]陈渝光,李山,廖仕利等,采用遗传算法的汽车发动机模糊控制研究.汽车工程,2005,27(2):182~185
[7]王军,房世庆,张付军等,汽油发动机电控系统的应用研究,内燃机工程,1997,18(1):16~21
[8] Hazell P. A, J. O. Flower, Discrete Modeling of Spark Ignition Engines for Control Purposes. Int. J. on Control. 1993, (2):625~632
[9] Powell B. K. A, Dynamic Model for Automotive Engine Control Analysis. In:Proc. 18th IEEE Conf. Decision and Control. 1994, (4):120~126
[10] Ulrich Adler,Automotive Electric/Electronic System, Robert Bosch GmbH,1998
[11] J.J.Moskwa, J.K.Hedrick. Modeling and validation of automotive engines for control algorithm development. ASME Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions and Automation in Design, 1992, 114(2):278~285
[12]张翠平,杨庆佛,韩以伦,汽油机怠速稳定性的模糊控制仿真研究[J].内燃机工程,2003,24(4):38~41
[13]秦贵和,葛安林,王春蕾,模糊逻辑在汽车电子控制中的应用,汽车工程,1999,21(5):275~279
[14]陈恒,张玉琢,左晓阳等,基于遗传算法的发动机模糊控制[J],计算机仿真,2002,19(3):40~44
[15]黄强,宾鸿赞,高世伦等,改进模糊控制在燃油喷射系统中的应用[J],小型内燃机与摩托车,2005,34(5):5~8
[16]葛召炎,汽车发动机的变结构控制和智能控制方法研究:[博士学位论文],湖南大学,2003
[17] Clarke D W,Mohtadi,C. Properties of Generalized predictive control. Automatic, 1989,25(6):859~875
[18] Clarke D W,Mohtadi,C. and Tuffs,P.S. Generalized Predictive control.Part 1 and Part 2 Basic Algorithm. Automatica,1987,23(2):137~162
[19] Rouhani R, Mehra R K. Model Algorithm Control Basic Theoretical Properties. Automatica, 1982,18(4):401~414
[20] Wang Wei. Generalized predictive control of nonlinear system of the Hammerstein form [J]. Control Theory and Applications, 1994, 11(6):672 ~680
[21] Xi Y. New design method for discrete time multivariable predictive controllers [J].Int.J.Control, 1989, 49(1):45~51
[22]张金龙,赵芙生,汽油发动机怠速的预测控制[J],南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(1):50~52
[23]刘福才等,一种基于滑模的广义预测控制新算法[J],系统仿真学报,2002,14(10):1348~1351
[24]郭健,一类非线性系统的广义预测控制研究[博士学位论文],南京理工大学,2002
[25]席裕庚,预测控制[M],北京:北京国防工业出版社,1993
[26] Eric W. Curtis, Charles F. Aquino, David K. Trumpy, et al, A new port and cylinder wall wetting model to predict transient air/fuel excursions in a port fuel injected engine, SAE Paper 961186, 1996
[27] Marquardt D. AN Algorithm for Least-Squares Estimation of no-linear Parameters[J].SIAM J Appl Math,1983,11(4):431~441
[28] Asik J R, Peters J M, Tang D X. Transient A/F Estimation and control Using a Neural Network. SAE Paper 970619, 1997
[29]杨斌,王绍光,瞬态空燃比控制策略研究及智能控制的应用,内燃机工程,2002,23(5):10~14
[30]李进,欧阳明高,电控发动机排气温度动态估计算法,汽车工程,2006,28(4):327~328
[31] Elbert H ,SpencerC S .Mean value modeling of spark ignition engines[J] .SAE Paper,90 0616
[32] Hendricks E .The analysis of mean value S I engine model[J].SAE Paper ,92068
[33] PowellJ D ,FekoteN P,C hangC F , Observer-based air-fuel ratio control [J].IEEE Control System Magazine,1998,18 (5 ) ;7 2-8 2
[34] ServatiH B, Delosh R G .A regression model for volumetric efficiency[ J] .SAE Paper,860328.
[35] Scherer M ,Ganser T . Data fusing for optimization of spark ignition engine control [J].SPIE,1997,2784:50-60
[36]王绍銧,汽车电子学[M] 1北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[37]杨兆升,朱中,基于卡尔曼滤波理论的交通流量实时预测模型[ J],中国公路学报.1999,12(3):63~67
[38]顾维东,电喷摩托车发动机空燃比控制的研究:[博士学位论文],天津大学,2006
[39]刘萍,王丛祥,姚喜贵,用发动机进气压力计算充气效率的试验研究,农机化研究,2001,5:107~108
[40] Wright John F, Boewe Daniel E. System for Estimating Engine Exhaust Pressure: US, 20030188531 A1 [ P ]. 2003-10-09.
[41] Hiroyuki Itoyama, Hiroyuki Aizawa. Apparatus for Estimating Pressure in Intake System and Exhaust System of Internal Combus2tion Engine: UK, GB2329040 A[ P ]. 1999-10-03.
[42] Brackney Larry J. System for Controlling Engine Exhaust Temperature: US,6550464 B1 [ P ]. 2003-04-22.
[43]黄粤,韦桂兰,CFM56-3C-1发动机排气超温的分析研究,航空发动机2003, 29(01):14~16
[44] Akio Matsunaga, Masato Katsuno. EGR gas Temperature Estimation Apparatus for Internal Combustion Engine: US, 20040084030A1 [ P ]. 2004-05-06.
[45]邓琦,金迪武,皮俊,德尔福电喷系统工作原理,汽车电器,2007,3:26~31
[46]周云山,钟勇,汽车电子控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[47]赵福堂,汽车电器与电子设备(第2版)[M],北京:北京理工大学出版,2005
[48]杨生辉,汽车电器与电子技术[M],北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[49]周同政,李金学,电喷发动机传感器故障的检测与诊断[J],汽车电器,2005,(11):23~25.
[50]包俊江,杨延相,金中国等.闭环控制电喷摩托车氧传感器的研究,小型内燃机与摩托车,2003
[51]陶国良,郭连,电子节气门技术的发展现状及趋势,车用发动机, 2003(4):1~5