检察机关职侦局的机构建设及运行机制研究
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摘要
党的十六大要求完善司法机关的机构设置、职权划分和管理制度,进一步健全权责明确、相互配合、相互制约、高效运行的司法体制,从制度上保证检察机关独立、公正地行使检察权。
一直以来,检察机关的职务犯罪侦查权受到多方关注,包括了对其存废的激烈争辩,在当前司法改革的研讨中也成为各方关注的热点之一。本文从探讨职务犯罪侦查权与检察权的关系入手,首先分析论证了职务犯罪侦查权的性质及其由检察机关行使的必要性和可行性,检察机关如何有效行使这一职权,成为新形势下反腐败斗争的迫切需要和各方关注的焦点。其次,论文详细阐述了职务犯罪侦查权是检察机关实现法律监督的重要内容和基本途径,在此基础上论证了统一侦查机构,设立职务犯罪侦查局是适应强化法律监督,也是推进司法改革要求的有益尝试。再次,以重庆市为例,详细介绍了重庆检察机关成立职务犯罪侦查局的实践初见成效。最后论文重点阐述了进一步完善职侦局的运行机制,设计构想了主办检察官责任制的框架,明确了主办检察官的职责职权、任职资格,提出了选任办法和考评与奖惩,分析讨论了如何处理主办检察官与其助手之间的关系和与部门负责人之间的关系、如何加强对主办检察官的监督、如何进行案源分配等与主办检察官责任制相关的几个问题,并提出了相应的对策和措施。
The 16th National Congress of Communist Party of China (16th NCCPC) calls for the perfection of the institutional establishment, authority partition and management system of the judicial organ, which needs the further completion of the judicial system with clear separation of authority and responsibility, mutual coordination, mutual check and operation with high efficiency, ensuring the procuratorate to exercise its power independently and justly.
The right of official offence investigation of the procuratorate, including the furious debate on its existence, has attracted lots of attentions, and it has been one of the hot topics in the current discussion on the judicial reformation. This article begins with the discussion on the relationship between the procuratorial power and the right of official offence investigation. Firstly, it presents the characteristics of the right of official offence investigation, and the necessity and feasibility of the procuratorate exerting the right. Secondly, it describes the special role that the right of official offence investigation plays in the legal supervision action and how to efficiently execute the authority of the procuratorate. This has become an urgent need and focus on the anti-corruption struggle under the new circumstance. Hence, the 3rd part of the article, takes Chongqing for example, analyzes the unification of the official offence institution in the procuratorate theoretically and practically. The 4th part presents the conception about the official offence institution and its operation mechanism, conceives the outline of the chief procurator’s authority, points out the appointment, discharge, assessment, award for, and sanction against the prosecutors, analysis how to deal with the relationship between the prosecutors and their assistants, how to strongly supervise and distribute cases among the prosecutors, and some questions have to do with the prosecutors, the article also presents the way to deal with the above questions. Totally, the article is composed of four parts, with more than 40,000 words.
一直以来,检察机关的职务犯罪侦查权受到多方关注,包括了对其存废的激烈争辩,在当前司法改革的研讨中也成为各方关注的热点之一。本文从探讨职务犯罪侦查权与检察权的关系入手,首先分析论证了职务犯罪侦查权的性质及其由检察机关行使的必要性和可行性,检察机关如何有效行使这一职权,成为新形势下反腐败斗争的迫切需要和各方关注的焦点。其次,论文详细阐述了职务犯罪侦查权是检察机关实现法律监督的重要内容和基本途径,在此基础上论证了统一侦查机构,设立职务犯罪侦查局是适应强化法律监督,也是推进司法改革要求的有益尝试。再次,以重庆市为例,详细介绍了重庆检察机关成立职务犯罪侦查局的实践初见成效。最后论文重点阐述了进一步完善职侦局的运行机制,设计构想了主办检察官责任制的框架,明确了主办检察官的职责职权、任职资格,提出了选任办法和考评与奖惩,分析讨论了如何处理主办检察官与其助手之间的关系和与部门负责人之间的关系、如何加强对主办检察官的监督、如何进行案源分配等与主办检察官责任制相关的几个问题,并提出了相应的对策和措施。
The 16th National Congress of Communist Party of China (16th NCCPC) calls for the perfection of the institutional establishment, authority partition and management system of the judicial organ, which needs the further completion of the judicial system with clear separation of authority and responsibility, mutual coordination, mutual check and operation with high efficiency, ensuring the procuratorate to exercise its power independently and justly.
The right of official offence investigation of the procuratorate, including the furious debate on its existence, has attracted lots of attentions, and it has been one of the hot topics in the current discussion on the judicial reformation. This article begins with the discussion on the relationship between the procuratorial power and the right of official offence investigation. Firstly, it presents the characteristics of the right of official offence investigation, and the necessity and feasibility of the procuratorate exerting the right. Secondly, it describes the special role that the right of official offence investigation plays in the legal supervision action and how to efficiently execute the authority of the procuratorate. This has become an urgent need and focus on the anti-corruption struggle under the new circumstance. Hence, the 3rd part of the article, takes Chongqing for example, analyzes the unification of the official offence institution in the procuratorate theoretically and practically. The 4th part presents the conception about the official offence institution and its operation mechanism, conceives the outline of the chief procurator’s authority, points out the appointment, discharge, assessment, award for, and sanction against the prosecutors, analysis how to deal with the relationship between the prosecutors and their assistants, how to strongly supervise and distribute cases among the prosecutors, and some questions have to do with the prosecutors, the article also presents the way to deal with the above questions. Totally, the article is composed of four parts, with more than 40,000 words.
引文
[1]龙宗智.检察制度教程.法律出版社.2002,p83
[2]王以真编.外国刑事诉讼法学.北京大学出版社.1990,p278
[3]李昌珂译.德国刑事诉讼法典.中国政法大学出版社.1995,p81
[4]樊崇义,刘涛.两大法系检察机关侦查权有趋同趋势.检察日报,2003.10.9
[5]龙宗智.检察制度教程.法律出版社.2002,p222
[6]王桂五编.中华人民共和国检察制度研究.法律出版社.1991,p25-36
[7]朱孝清.检察机关侦查教程.法律出版社.2002,p10
[8]谢鹏程.论检察权的结构.人民检察,2000(10)
[9]邱学强.论检察体制改革.中国法学,2003(5)
[10]孟德斯鸠.论法的精神(上册).商务印书馆,1982,p154
[11]孙谦编.职务犯罪监督论.中国检察出版社.1994,p20
[12]朱孝清.检察机关侦查教程.法律出版社.2002,p21
[13]孙谦编.职务犯罪监督论.中国检察出版社.1994,p2
[14]刘立宪编.新实际反贪污对策研究.中国方正出版社.2001,p1-59
[15]高检院编译.世界各国反贪污贿赂的理论与实践.2001,p1-23,416-451
[16]郭宗才.职务犯罪侦查体制在加入WTO后的变革思考.犯罪研究,2002(4)
[17]张智辉,谢鹏程主编.中国检察(第三卷).中国检察出版社.2003,p610
[18]张垒.新时期检察机关职务犯罪预防模式研究.中国刑事法杂志,2002(6)
[19]汤唯.法律监督与预防职务犯罪的法理辨析.人民检察,2004(1)
[20]Anonymous.A conversation about JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE and IMPARTIALITY. Judicature. Chicago: May/Jun 2006. Vol. 89, Iss. 6; p. 339 (5 pages)
[21]James Meernik, Christopher Farris. The influence of attorney background on judicial decision making at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Judicature. Chicago: May/Jun 2006. Vol. 89, Iss. 6; p. 326 (8 pages)
[22]Larry Berkson and Susan B. Carbon.The United States Circuit Judge Nominating Commission: Its members, procedures and candidates. Journal of Criminal Justice, Volume 8, Issue 5, 1980, Pages 335-336.
[23]Timothy S. Eckley. Hawaii establishes federal judicial selection commission. Judicature, Vol.90,Iss.1;pg.44,1pgs, 2006
[2]王以真编.外国刑事诉讼法学.北京大学出版社.1990,p278
[3]李昌珂译.德国刑事诉讼法典.中国政法大学出版社.1995,p81
[4]樊崇义,刘涛.两大法系检察机关侦查权有趋同趋势.检察日报,2003.10.9
[5]龙宗智.检察制度教程.法律出版社.2002,p222
[6]王桂五编.中华人民共和国检察制度研究.法律出版社.1991,p25-36
[7]朱孝清.检察机关侦查教程.法律出版社.2002,p10
[8]谢鹏程.论检察权的结构.人民检察,2000(10)
[9]邱学强.论检察体制改革.中国法学,2003(5)
[10]孟德斯鸠.论法的精神(上册).商务印书馆,1982,p154
[11]孙谦编.职务犯罪监督论.中国检察出版社.1994,p20
[12]朱孝清.检察机关侦查教程.法律出版社.2002,p21
[13]孙谦编.职务犯罪监督论.中国检察出版社.1994,p2
[14]刘立宪编.新实际反贪污对策研究.中国方正出版社.2001,p1-59
[15]高检院编译.世界各国反贪污贿赂的理论与实践.2001,p1-23,416-451
[16]郭宗才.职务犯罪侦查体制在加入WTO后的变革思考.犯罪研究,2002(4)
[17]张智辉,谢鹏程主编.中国检察(第三卷).中国检察出版社.2003,p610
[18]张垒.新时期检察机关职务犯罪预防模式研究.中国刑事法杂志,2002(6)
[19]汤唯.法律监督与预防职务犯罪的法理辨析.人民检察,2004(1)
[20]Anonymous.A conversation about JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE and IMPARTIALITY. Judicature. Chicago: May/Jun 2006. Vol. 89, Iss. 6; p. 339 (5 pages)
[21]James Meernik, Christopher Farris. The influence of attorney background on judicial decision making at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Judicature. Chicago: May/Jun 2006. Vol. 89, Iss. 6; p. 326 (8 pages)
[22]Larry Berkson and Susan B. Carbon.The United States Circuit Judge Nominating Commission: Its members, procedures and candidates. Journal of Criminal Justice, Volume 8, Issue 5, 1980, Pages 335-336.
[23]Timothy S. Eckley. Hawaii establishes federal judicial selection commission. Judicature, Vol.90,Iss.1;pg.44,1pgs, 2006