澳大利亚灵活学习体系研究
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摘要
E-1earning是一种新型的学习形式,与传统课堂教学相比,具有独特的优越性。澳大利亚的灵活学习体系是目前世界上E-learning发展最为成功的案例之一。我国的E-learning发展正处在培育期向发展期过渡的关键阶段,勇于借鉴国外E-learning实践的有益经验,积极探索其在我国的有效发展模式是值得深入探讨的焦点问题。本文从澳大利亚灵活学习体系的政策演进历程开始,以灵活学习体系的五大行动领域为纲,深入探究这一体系实施的成功经验,提出对我国E-learning发展的建议。
本论文的总体框架为:
第一部分:澳大利亚灵活学习体系政策制定的背景分析。包括国际信息技术教育发展的大环境和澳大利亚国内的教育环境。
第二部分:主要叙述澳大利亚以E-learning为主要内容的灵活学习体系政策发展历程。其政策发展分为三个阶段,第一阶段主要是制定E-learning发展的先导性政策,出台了一系列相关规定与标准;第二阶段是制定具体实施政策的阶段,颁布了一系列的详细实施计划;第三阶段是未来展望阶段,对将来的澳大利亚E-learning发展做出远景规划。
第三部分:主要阐释澳大利亚灵活学习体系的具体内容及分析其实施的具体环节。在内容方面,主要从人力资源开发、技术基础设施建设、内容开发应用服务、政策支持和建立健全法规等五个方面叙述;在实施方面,从决策管理层、具体实践层、辅助咨询层三个层次来分析。
第四部分:这部分是对澳大利亚灵活学习体系实施效果的具体评估,包括所取得的积极成效以及目前仍存在的问题;吸取澳大利亚实施灵活学习体系的成功经验,进而提出在我国发展E-learning的合理性建议。
E-learning is a new style of learning. It has a special advantage compare with the traditional class structuring move. Since 1990s, most of countries in the world to focus on multimedia computer technology and network communications technology as the core for an upsurge of education reform, and the development of E-learning in Australian flexible learning system is one of the most successful case. E-learning development in China is transforming from the training period to a critical stage of the developing period, in this situation, we need the full courage to learn from foreign countries' E-learning practice , and focus on its in-depth study or explore effective development model in China. This paper will discuss from Australian policy development of the flexible learning system, and display the top five areas of the flexible learning system as the key link, and then, thoroughly explore the implementation of the system's successful experience, propose a solution to Chinese E-learning development.
In this paper, the general framework for:
Part I: The formulation background of Australian flexible learning system policies, including international information technology education and the development of Australia's education environment.
Part II: This part described Australian major vocational education E-learning policy development process. Its policy development is divided into three phases, the first major stage of development of E-learning is the precursor for the development of policy, promulgated a series of relevant regulations and standards; second stage is the concrete implementation of the policy formulation stage, the promulgation of a series of detailed implementation Plans; third stage is the prospect stage, the future of the Australian E-learning development of long-term planning.
Part III: The main narrative Australian flexible learning systems and analysis of the specific content of the specific aspects of its implementation. In content, mainly from human resources development, technical infrastructure, content development and application services, policy support and establish and improve laws and regulations, and other five areas described in the implementation, management decision-making, the concrete practice of, support of the three advisory Level of analysis.
Part IV: This part of the Australian flexible learning system to assess the implementation of the specific effects, including the positive results achieved at present. There are still some problems about its implementation and flexible learning lessons. Using its successful experience and reasonable recommendations, we will improve the development of the E-learning in China.
本论文的总体框架为:
第一部分:澳大利亚灵活学习体系政策制定的背景分析。包括国际信息技术教育发展的大环境和澳大利亚国内的教育环境。
第二部分:主要叙述澳大利亚以E-learning为主要内容的灵活学习体系政策发展历程。其政策发展分为三个阶段,第一阶段主要是制定E-learning发展的先导性政策,出台了一系列相关规定与标准;第二阶段是制定具体实施政策的阶段,颁布了一系列的详细实施计划;第三阶段是未来展望阶段,对将来的澳大利亚E-learning发展做出远景规划。
第三部分:主要阐释澳大利亚灵活学习体系的具体内容及分析其实施的具体环节。在内容方面,主要从人力资源开发、技术基础设施建设、内容开发应用服务、政策支持和建立健全法规等五个方面叙述;在实施方面,从决策管理层、具体实践层、辅助咨询层三个层次来分析。
第四部分:这部分是对澳大利亚灵活学习体系实施效果的具体评估,包括所取得的积极成效以及目前仍存在的问题;吸取澳大利亚实施灵活学习体系的成功经验,进而提出在我国发展E-learning的合理性建议。
E-learning is a new style of learning. It has a special advantage compare with the traditional class structuring move. Since 1990s, most of countries in the world to focus on multimedia computer technology and network communications technology as the core for an upsurge of education reform, and the development of E-learning in Australian flexible learning system is one of the most successful case. E-learning development in China is transforming from the training period to a critical stage of the developing period, in this situation, we need the full courage to learn from foreign countries' E-learning practice , and focus on its in-depth study or explore effective development model in China. This paper will discuss from Australian policy development of the flexible learning system, and display the top five areas of the flexible learning system as the key link, and then, thoroughly explore the implementation of the system's successful experience, propose a solution to Chinese E-learning development.
In this paper, the general framework for:
Part I: The formulation background of Australian flexible learning system policies, including international information technology education and the development of Australia's education environment.
Part II: This part described Australian major vocational education E-learning policy development process. Its policy development is divided into three phases, the first major stage of development of E-learning is the precursor for the development of policy, promulgated a series of relevant regulations and standards; second stage is the concrete implementation of the policy formulation stage, the promulgation of a series of detailed implementation Plans; third stage is the prospect stage, the future of the Australian E-learning development of long-term planning.
Part III: The main narrative Australian flexible learning systems and analysis of the specific content of the specific aspects of its implementation. In content, mainly from human resources development, technical infrastructure, content development and application services, policy support and establish and improve laws and regulations, and other five areas described in the implementation, management decision-making, the concrete practice of, support of the three advisory Level of analysis.
Part IV: This part of the Australian flexible learning system to assess the implementation of the specific effects, including the positive results achieved at present. There are still some problems about its implementation and flexible learning lessons. Using its successful experience and reasonable recommendations, we will improve the development of the E-learning in China.
引文
[1]丁兴富.远程教育研究[M].北京:首都师范大学出版社,2002
[1]周满生主编.世界教育发展的基本特点和规律[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2003.
[2]联合国教科文组织国际教育发展委员会,韦钰译.学会生存——教育世界的今天和明天[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2004.(16--24、223)
[3]雅克·德洛尔.联合国教科文组织总部中文科译教育——财富蕴藏其中[M].北京:教育科学出版社,1996.(89-102)
[1]周满生主编.世界教育发展的基本特点和规律[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2003年
[2]沈永兴.张秋生.高国荣编著,列国志-澳大利亚[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003年
1.韩锋.刘樊德主编.当代澳大利亚——社会变迁与政治经济的新发展[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2004.
2.黄烨菁.欧阳欢子等编著.澳大利亚现代化发展经验及其对中国的启示[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2005.
3.黄源深.陈弘.从孤立中走向世界——澳大利亚文化简论[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1993.
4.赵家琎.方爱伦编著.当代澳大利亚社会与文化[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004.
5.张臣文.浅淡E-learning的发展途径[J].中小学电教,2006,(12).
6.何高大.E-learning的定义与译名[J].中国科技翻译,2003,(5).
7.苌庆辉.申卫.灵活学习:澳大利亚职业教育与培训应对信息经济的策略[J].世界教育信息,2005,(11).
8.王利编译.E-learning的优点和缺点[J].计算机教育,2004,(4).
9.荀莉.澳大利亚职业教育E-learning发展政策概况与启示[J].中国职业技术教育,2004,35
10.李琼.张自力.从迪肯大学的在线学习看澳大利亚的远程教育[J].世界教育信息,2004,(3).
11.庄慧娟.朱晓云.澳大利亚2005年灵活学习框架展示[J].信息技术教育,2005,(3).
12.徐广彤.舒云岳.电子化学习的特点、实施条件及其本土适应性[J].技术经济与管理研究,2004,(3).
13.霸桂芳.彭学君.陈学鑫.地方综合型院校E-learning现状与技术展望[J].荷泽学院学报,2006,(10).
14.何显文.卢鸿.浅析E-learning教学模式在高校教学中的应用[J].长春师范学院学报(自然科学版),2006,(12).
15.张帆.浅析职业教育的“终身学习”趋势[J].大学时代,2006,(9).
16.王铁军.探求中国E-learning文化[J].中国远程教育,2006,(11).
17.何向阳.余英.E-learning_变革教学结构和教育本质的学习新环境[J].现代远程教育研究,2006,(3).
18.王绍卜.E-learning一种全新开放的教学模式[J].科技情报开发与经济,2003,(2).
19.陈晓慧.E-learning时代高等学校进行创新教育的若干思考[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报(社会科学版),2002,(5).
20.姚晓菊.池湘.E-learning模式与建构主义学习环境[J].株洲工学院学报,2003,(7).
21.何克抗.E-learning与高校教学的深化改革(上)[J].中国电化教育,2002,(2).
22.何克抗.E-learning与高校教学的深化改革(下)[J].中国电化教育,2002,(3).
23.胡凡刚.马秀峰.简论E-learning环境中教师角色的转变与重塑[J].电化教育研究,2002,(4).
24.何克抗.一场深刻的教育革命:E-learning与高等学校的教学改革[J].现代远程教育研究,2002,(3).
25.玉英.E-learning的仲夏之梦[J].中国科技信息,2002,(12).
26.袁玖根.况扬.E-learning在企业人力资源培训中的作用[J].科技经济市场,2006,(8).
27.丁秀玲.杨洪常.在线学习-我国企业培训的发展方向[J].科技管理研究,2006,(7).
28.万希.周建华.跨越在线学习的局限性[J].商业时代,2005,(5).
29.连任.万希.E-learning的优势、障碍及策略[J].软科学,2005,(2).
30.李艾丽莎.张庆林.在线学习的类型及其特点[J].教育科学,2003,(1).
31.赵兵川.王全旺.在线学习系统比较[J].雁北师范学院学报,2005,(15).
32.华莹.陈志云.王行恒.借助E-learning手段构建以学生为主体的教学模式[J].计算机教育,2007,(1).
33.杨涛.中国E-learning期待榜样[J/OL].中国远程教育(资讯版),2003,(12).
34.杨婷匀.徐辉.技能立国——澳大利亚职业教育培训发展的新理念[J].浙江师范大学学报(社会科学版),2005,(3)
1.Australian Flexible Learning Framework for the National Vocational Education and Training System 2000-2004.http://pre2005.flexiblelearning.net.au/aboutus/aflframework2000.pdf
2.Australian Flexible Learning Framework Strategy 2000.http://www.flexiblelearning.net.au/aboutus/strategy2000.pdf
3.Australian Flexible Learning Framework Strategy 2001.http://www.flexiblelearning.net.au/aboutus/strategy2001.pdf
4.Australian Flexible Learning Framework Strategy 2002.http://www.flexiblelearning.net.au/aboutus/strategy2002.pdf
5.Managing Implementation Plan 2003.http://www.flexibleleaming.net.au/aboutus/managingS2003-30-01-03.pdf
6.Australian Flexible Learning Framework Implementation Plan 2003.http://www,flexiblelearning.net.au
7.Australian Flexible Learning Framework Implementation Plan 2004.http://www.flexibleleaming.net.au/aboutus/implementationplan2004.pdf
8.2005 Framework Brochure:E-learning in Action.http://www.flexibleleaming.net.au/aboutus/2005_Framework_hero_brochure_hi gh_res.pdf
9.2005 Australian Flexible Learning Framework for the National Vocational Education & Training System-2005 Framework Business Plan.http://www.flexibleleaming.net.au
10.Overview of States/Territories Flexible Learning Strategies.http://www.flexibleleaming.net.au/flx/webdav/site/flxsite/users/kjohnson/public /flexibleleamingstrategies260803final.pdf
11.Strategy 2000 report:Evaluation of the Australian Flexible Learning.http://www.flexibleleaming.net.au/flx/webdav/site/flxsite/users/kjohnson/public /evaluation2000.pdf
12.Evaluation of the Australian Flexible Learning Framework 2000-2001.http://www.flexibleleaming.net.au/flx/webdav/site/flxsit e/users/kjohnson/public /evaluation2001.pdf
13.2005 Australian Flexible Learning Framework:Final Report to National Senior Officials Committee.http://www.flexiblelearning.net.au
14.FLAG Response to Strategic Review of Infrastructure Funding.http://www.flexiblelearning.net.au/flx/webdav/site/flxsite/shared/Secretariat/FL AG_Infrastructure_Review_Response.doc
15.Australian Flexible Learning Framework 2007 Business Plan.http://www.flexibleleaming.net.au/flx/webdav/site/flxsite/shared/Secretariat/2007 Framework Business Plan Final061214.doc
16.Chris Trevitt.Flexible Learning in Higher Education:Examining the Case for the 'Leaming Profession' and the 'Learning Discipline'[J].ALIA 2000.Capitalizing on knowledge:The Information Profession in the 21st Century (Canberra,Australia,October 23-26,2000).
17.Lyn Goodear.Flexible Delivery is not Simply a Question of Technology [J].TEND 2000:Proceedings of the Technological Education and National Development Conference,"Crossroads of the New Millennium"(2nd,April 8-10,2000,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates).
18.Sandra Wills.Flexible Learning at the Crossroads:Are Our Teacher Ready?[J].2000-4-10
[1]周满生主编.世界教育发展的基本特点和规律[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2003.
[2]联合国教科文组织国际教育发展委员会,韦钰译.学会生存——教育世界的今天和明天[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2004.(16--24、223)
[3]雅克·德洛尔.联合国教科文组织总部中文科译教育——财富蕴藏其中[M].北京:教育科学出版社,1996.(89-102)
[1]周满生主编.世界教育发展的基本特点和规律[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2003年
[2]沈永兴.张秋生.高国荣编著,列国志-澳大利亚[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003年
1.韩锋.刘樊德主编.当代澳大利亚——社会变迁与政治经济的新发展[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2004.
2.黄烨菁.欧阳欢子等编著.澳大利亚现代化发展经验及其对中国的启示[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2005.
3.黄源深.陈弘.从孤立中走向世界——澳大利亚文化简论[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1993.
4.赵家琎.方爱伦编著.当代澳大利亚社会与文化[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004.
5.张臣文.浅淡E-learning的发展途径[J].中小学电教,2006,(12).
6.何高大.E-learning的定义与译名[J].中国科技翻译,2003,(5).
7.苌庆辉.申卫.灵活学习:澳大利亚职业教育与培训应对信息经济的策略[J].世界教育信息,2005,(11).
8.王利编译.E-learning的优点和缺点[J].计算机教育,2004,(4).
9.荀莉.澳大利亚职业教育E-learning发展政策概况与启示[J].中国职业技术教育,2004,35
10.李琼.张自力.从迪肯大学的在线学习看澳大利亚的远程教育[J].世界教育信息,2004,(3).
11.庄慧娟.朱晓云.澳大利亚2005年灵活学习框架展示[J].信息技术教育,2005,(3).
12.徐广彤.舒云岳.电子化学习的特点、实施条件及其本土适应性[J].技术经济与管理研究,2004,(3).
13.霸桂芳.彭学君.陈学鑫.地方综合型院校E-learning现状与技术展望[J].荷泽学院学报,2006,(10).
14.何显文.卢鸿.浅析E-learning教学模式在高校教学中的应用[J].长春师范学院学报(自然科学版),2006,(12).
15.张帆.浅析职业教育的“终身学习”趋势[J].大学时代,2006,(9).
16.王铁军.探求中国E-learning文化[J].中国远程教育,2006,(11).
17.何向阳.余英.E-learning_变革教学结构和教育本质的学习新环境[J].现代远程教育研究,2006,(3).
18.王绍卜.E-learning一种全新开放的教学模式[J].科技情报开发与经济,2003,(2).
19.陈晓慧.E-learning时代高等学校进行创新教育的若干思考[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报(社会科学版),2002,(5).
20.姚晓菊.池湘.E-learning模式与建构主义学习环境[J].株洲工学院学报,2003,(7).
21.何克抗.E-learning与高校教学的深化改革(上)[J].中国电化教育,2002,(2).
22.何克抗.E-learning与高校教学的深化改革(下)[J].中国电化教育,2002,(3).
23.胡凡刚.马秀峰.简论E-learning环境中教师角色的转变与重塑[J].电化教育研究,2002,(4).
24.何克抗.一场深刻的教育革命:E-learning与高等学校的教学改革[J].现代远程教育研究,2002,(3).
25.玉英.E-learning的仲夏之梦[J].中国科技信息,2002,(12).
26.袁玖根.况扬.E-learning在企业人力资源培训中的作用[J].科技经济市场,2006,(8).
27.丁秀玲.杨洪常.在线学习-我国企业培训的发展方向[J].科技管理研究,2006,(7).
28.万希.周建华.跨越在线学习的局限性[J].商业时代,2005,(5).
29.连任.万希.E-learning的优势、障碍及策略[J].软科学,2005,(2).
30.李艾丽莎.张庆林.在线学习的类型及其特点[J].教育科学,2003,(1).
31.赵兵川.王全旺.在线学习系统比较[J].雁北师范学院学报,2005,(15).
32.华莹.陈志云.王行恒.借助E-learning手段构建以学生为主体的教学模式[J].计算机教育,2007,(1).
33.杨涛.中国E-learning期待榜样[J/OL].中国远程教育(资讯版),2003,(12).
34.杨婷匀.徐辉.技能立国——澳大利亚职业教育培训发展的新理念[J].浙江师范大学学报(社会科学版),2005,(3)
1.Australian Flexible Learning Framework for the National Vocational Education and Training System 2000-2004.http://pre2005.flexiblelearning.net.au/aboutus/aflframework2000.pdf
2.Australian Flexible Learning Framework Strategy 2000.http://www.flexiblelearning.net.au/aboutus/strategy2000.pdf
3.Australian Flexible Learning Framework Strategy 2001.http://www.flexiblelearning.net.au/aboutus/strategy2001.pdf
4.Australian Flexible Learning Framework Strategy 2002.http://www.flexiblelearning.net.au/aboutus/strategy2002.pdf
5.Managing Implementation Plan 2003.http://www.flexibleleaming.net.au/aboutus/managingS2003-30-01-03.pdf
6.Australian Flexible Learning Framework Implementation Plan 2003.http://www,flexiblelearning.net.au
7.Australian Flexible Learning Framework Implementation Plan 2004.http://www.flexibleleaming.net.au/aboutus/implementationplan2004.pdf
8.2005 Framework Brochure:E-learning in Action.http://www.flexibleleaming.net.au/aboutus/2005_Framework_hero_brochure_hi gh_res.pdf
9.2005 Australian Flexible Learning Framework for the National Vocational Education & Training System-2005 Framework Business Plan.http://www.flexibleleaming.net.au
10.Overview of States/Territories Flexible Learning Strategies.http://www.flexibleleaming.net.au/flx/webdav/site/flxsite/users/kjohnson/public /flexibleleamingstrategies260803final.pdf
11.Strategy 2000 report:Evaluation of the Australian Flexible Learning.http://www.flexibleleaming.net.au/flx/webdav/site/flxsite/users/kjohnson/public /evaluation2000.pdf
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