农村环境污染防治的公共产品供给研究
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摘要
近年来,我国在城市环境日益改善的同时,农村环境污染问题却越来越严重,呈现出一些新情况新特点。随着农村社会经济的快速发展,农村城镇化水平加快、规模增大,同时乡镇企业也迅速崛起与壮大,导致农村生态环境恶化趋势日趋突出。城市环境问题得到重视,而农村的环境保护与治理相对来说是一个薄弱环节,大量城市垃圾向农村的转移等问题已给农村环境带来前所未有的压力。此外由于管理体系不畅、资金来源不足、扶持措施不力、治理模式不适等原因,农村环境污染问题日益严重,数亿农村人口生存环境恶化,健康受到危害,且纠纷频发,成为社会一个非常不和谐的因素。农村生态环境的破坏已经成为制约我国农村经济健康发展的原因之一。其中致使农村环境恶化一个重要原因是涉及农村环境污染治理方面的公共产品供给严重短缺,与城市的公共产品供给相比,农村环境保护的公共产品供给几乎是一片空白。为了改善农村环境污染现状,推进农业现代化建设,实现农村可持续发展,需要加大农村环境治理的公共产品供给。农村公共产品的供给对农民福利、农村发展以及社会主义现代化建设有重大影响。
针对我国农村所面临的环境问题,本文详细阐述了当前农村环境污染的现状,探讨了造成污染的原因,并提出农村环境污染治理的公共产品的重要性,分析目前我国农村公共产品供给不足、效率低下的现实,指出增加农村公共产品的供给是新农村建设的基础工程,对缩小城乡差距、农民增收、建设和谐社会有重大意义；并结合我国农村实际情况,针对问题提出一个较完善的农村公共产品供给体系,建立科学高效的农村决策机制,增加中央和地方政府对农村公共产品的投入,构建城乡一体化的公共产品供给体系：为统筹城乡发展,建设社会主义和谐社会创造必要的条件。
In recent years,the environmental pollution in rural areas is going from bad to worse while we are improving urban environment.We are confronted with new challenges in this respect.With the fast development of the countryside economy,it makes the stanard level of the countryside moderation fasten and enlarged.At the same time,town plants grow quickly,as a result,making the decline of the countryside ecology environment worse day by day. While much emphasis has been put on urban environment rural environment is comparatively in weak protection. The massive town refuse to countryside 'questions and so on shift has brought the unprecedented pressure for the countryside environment.Owing to the four reasons:low-efficiency managing system,inadequate financial resources,weak supporting measures and inappropriate treating mode,the environmental pollution problem is getting more and more serious. Several hundred million rural population survival environment worsening, The health is threaten, Also the dispute frequency sends, Becomes a social extremely not harmonious factor.The destruction of the rural ecosystem environment has become one of the main factors which restrict the healthy development of rural economy.One important reason of decline of the countryside ecology environment,is the in adequation of publiv production of rural environment.Compare to the urban,the environmental protection in rural almost is empty.It need to be tanken to increase the supply of public goods for the rural environmental pollution,to improve the condition of rural environment pollution,to advance agriculture modernization,to achieve rural continued development. Supply of rural public goods greatly influences farmers'welfare,rural development and socialist modern construction.And in the light of the environment problem of our country's rural areas,in this article,the author summarizes the situation of the countryside environment pollution nowadays,and analyses the reasons of creating pollution,and shows the signifieance of 'increasing supplies of rural public products of environment.
In the paper;the author analyzed at the moment,the publiv production is inadequate in China, and the dfficiency of provision is low.Point out that to increase the supply of rural public goods is a fundamental project in the new rural construction and of the great significance in reducing the gap between the city and the countryside, increasing the farmers'income, and constructing the harmonious society.And unifies the situation of rural in China.A perfect supply system for the communal production in the rural area is put forward. Setting up of scientific and dfficient rural decision-making system,increasing the input of the central and local government,construction of a public products supply network characterized by the unified design between the city and the countryside.Which will create necessary conditions to realize an overall development and to build a harmonious society.
针对我国农村所面临的环境问题,本文详细阐述了当前农村环境污染的现状,探讨了造成污染的原因,并提出农村环境污染治理的公共产品的重要性,分析目前我国农村公共产品供给不足、效率低下的现实,指出增加农村公共产品的供给是新农村建设的基础工程,对缩小城乡差距、农民增收、建设和谐社会有重大意义；并结合我国农村实际情况,针对问题提出一个较完善的农村公共产品供给体系,建立科学高效的农村决策机制,增加中央和地方政府对农村公共产品的投入,构建城乡一体化的公共产品供给体系：为统筹城乡发展,建设社会主义和谐社会创造必要的条件。
In recent years,the environmental pollution in rural areas is going from bad to worse while we are improving urban environment.We are confronted with new challenges in this respect.With the fast development of the countryside economy,it makes the stanard level of the countryside moderation fasten and enlarged.At the same time,town plants grow quickly,as a result,making the decline of the countryside ecology environment worse day by day. While much emphasis has been put on urban environment rural environment is comparatively in weak protection. The massive town refuse to countryside 'questions and so on shift has brought the unprecedented pressure for the countryside environment.Owing to the four reasons:low-efficiency managing system,inadequate financial resources,weak supporting measures and inappropriate treating mode,the environmental pollution problem is getting more and more serious. Several hundred million rural population survival environment worsening, The health is threaten, Also the dispute frequency sends, Becomes a social extremely not harmonious factor.The destruction of the rural ecosystem environment has become one of the main factors which restrict the healthy development of rural economy.One important reason of decline of the countryside ecology environment,is the in adequation of publiv production of rural environment.Compare to the urban,the environmental protection in rural almost is empty.It need to be tanken to increase the supply of public goods for the rural environmental pollution,to improve the condition of rural environment pollution,to advance agriculture modernization,to achieve rural continued development. Supply of rural public goods greatly influences farmers'welfare,rural development and socialist modern construction.And in the light of the environment problem of our country's rural areas,in this article,the author summarizes the situation of the countryside environment pollution nowadays,and analyses the reasons of creating pollution,and shows the signifieance of 'increasing supplies of rural public products of environment.
In the paper;the author analyzed at the moment,the publiv production is inadequate in China, and the dfficiency of provision is low.Point out that to increase the supply of rural public goods is a fundamental project in the new rural construction and of the great significance in reducing the gap between the city and the countryside, increasing the farmers'income, and constructing the harmonious society.And unifies the situation of rural in China.A perfect supply system for the communal production in the rural area is put forward. Setting up of scientific and dfficient rural decision-making system,increasing the input of the central and local government,construction of a public products supply network characterized by the unified design between the city and the countryside.Which will create necessary conditions to realize an overall development and to build a harmonious society.
引文
① 美J斯蒂格利茨《政府经济学》春秋出版社,1988年,141页
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