城市高压电网在线网架优化
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摘要
随着城市现代电力工业的发展,电网结构和运行方式愈加复杂,系统运行的各种约束条件日益强化。在这种情况下,研究高压电网的网架优化,保证供电可靠性和电能质量,从而确保电力系统安全和经济运行,对国民经济的发展有着举足轻重的意义。如何在己有研究成果的基础上继续完善和探索收敛速度快、实用性强的城市高压网架优化模型及其算法,是当前电力系统研究和工程实践的重要课题之一。
网架优化是在当前运行方式下,对各运行方案的性能指标进行比较,计算调整网架的结构,在众多的可行运行方案中确定最合理的运行方式。在线网架优化的方法是以系统有关的在线运行目标参数:总有功负荷,总无功负荷,总有功损耗,总无功损耗,开关操作次数等为安全经济指标,确定某一时刻的最优网架。系统的安全经济指标计算完成后,得出当前运行方式以及优化处理后的前几种运行方式的方案,或者得出将来任一时刻的最优网架运行方案,给运行人员获得在线的网架优化指导。
本论文针对网架优化中的若干问题及其实用算法进行了研究。网架优化可采用数学优化方法和现代启发式方法。数学优化方法是对网架优化做出数学描述,转化成有约束的极值问题,然后用最优化理论进行求解,主要使用的是经典的优化技术,如线性规划,非线性规划,动态规划,混合整数规划。现代启发式方法是基于自然选择、物理现象或生物行为等自然机制的一种搜索算法,适用于求解组合优化问题以及目标函数或某些约束条件不可微的非线性规划问题,主要有遗传算法、蚁群算法、禁忌搜索算法以及粒子群算法等。对各种人工智能方法来说,如何确定正确的搜索方向,提高搜索效率,获得全局最优解,这是算法设计中有待研究完善的关键问题。
本文在对现有的高压网架优化的数学模型和智能算法的研究基础上,以山西省运城市电网为例,从城市高压电网的实际特点出发,采用降阶枚举法,并结合灵敏度指标,依据平衡点有功注入对支路导纳系数的灵敏度,进行了城市高压电网最优运行方式的在线确定计算。在计及电网运行时各项约束的条件下,确定了城市高压电网某一时刻的最优网架运行方式,完成了算法的在线尝试,并保证了结果的准确性和全局最优性。
With the development of urban modern power industry, power network configuration and mode of operation increased complexity, the various constraints of network is strengthening. In this case, to study the high-voltage power network for optimize the network and to ensure the supply reliability and the power quality, so as to ensure the power network safety and economic operation has a decisive significance for the development of national economy. How to continue improve and explore the convergence speed of model in practical urban high-voltage network and its optimization algorithm on the basis of research results, is one of the most important issues for the current power network research and the engineering practice.
Network optimization is compared the performance indicators in the current operation mode and adjusted the network configuration by calculation, to determined the most reasonable way in the large number of possible operation. On-line network optimization method is based on the target parameters of total active power, total reactive power, total power loss, total reactive power loss, the number of switching operation, etc. as the safety economic indicators, to determine the optimal network in a time. After the calculation of safety economic indicators was completed, the system was given the current operating mode, as well as several post-optimized operation mode, or given the optimal network at any one time in the future, so that officers have been obtained a direction for the optimization of on-line network.
In this thesis, a number of issues and practical algorithm for network optimization was researched. Network optimization is using mathematical optimization methods and modern heuristic methods. Mathematical optimization method is to make mathematical description for the optimal network, there are bound into the issue of extreme value, and then to solve the issue by optimization theory, the main method is use of the classical optimization techniques, such as linear optimization, nonlinear optimization, dynamic optimization, mixed-integer optimization. Modern heuristic method is a search algorithm that based on a natural mechanism such as natural selection, physical or biological phenomenon acts, it is fit for solve the combinatorial optimization problems, as well as nonlinear optimization problems that objective function or some constraints are non-differentiable, there are genetic algorithm, ant colony algorithm, Tabu search and particle swarm optimization, etc. For a variety of artificial intelligence methods, how to determine the correct search direction and improve the search efficiency of algorithms and obtain the global optimal solution are the key issues to improve the design of studies.
In this thesis, based on the study of existing mathematical model and intelligent algorithm for high-voltage network optimization, the power network in Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province as an example, from the actual characteristics of the city high-voltage power network , the use of reduced-order enumeration method, combined with the sensitivity of indicators , according to the sensitivity of balance point active power to the admittance coefficient, the on-line calculation for the urban high-voltage power network was used to determine the best operation mode. With taking into account the constraints of run-time conditions, the optimal operation mode for urban high-voltage power network was determined at one time, the try of algorithm was completed on-line, the accuracy and the global optimum of the results was ensured.
网架优化是在当前运行方式下,对各运行方案的性能指标进行比较,计算调整网架的结构,在众多的可行运行方案中确定最合理的运行方式。在线网架优化的方法是以系统有关的在线运行目标参数:总有功负荷,总无功负荷,总有功损耗,总无功损耗,开关操作次数等为安全经济指标,确定某一时刻的最优网架。系统的安全经济指标计算完成后,得出当前运行方式以及优化处理后的前几种运行方式的方案,或者得出将来任一时刻的最优网架运行方案,给运行人员获得在线的网架优化指导。
本论文针对网架优化中的若干问题及其实用算法进行了研究。网架优化可采用数学优化方法和现代启发式方法。数学优化方法是对网架优化做出数学描述,转化成有约束的极值问题,然后用最优化理论进行求解,主要使用的是经典的优化技术,如线性规划,非线性规划,动态规划,混合整数规划。现代启发式方法是基于自然选择、物理现象或生物行为等自然机制的一种搜索算法,适用于求解组合优化问题以及目标函数或某些约束条件不可微的非线性规划问题,主要有遗传算法、蚁群算法、禁忌搜索算法以及粒子群算法等。对各种人工智能方法来说,如何确定正确的搜索方向,提高搜索效率,获得全局最优解,这是算法设计中有待研究完善的关键问题。
本文在对现有的高压网架优化的数学模型和智能算法的研究基础上,以山西省运城市电网为例,从城市高压电网的实际特点出发,采用降阶枚举法,并结合灵敏度指标,依据平衡点有功注入对支路导纳系数的灵敏度,进行了城市高压电网最优运行方式的在线确定计算。在计及电网运行时各项约束的条件下,确定了城市高压电网某一时刻的最优网架运行方式,完成了算法的在线尝试,并保证了结果的准确性和全局最优性。
With the development of urban modern power industry, power network configuration and mode of operation increased complexity, the various constraints of network is strengthening. In this case, to study the high-voltage power network for optimize the network and to ensure the supply reliability and the power quality, so as to ensure the power network safety and economic operation has a decisive significance for the development of national economy. How to continue improve and explore the convergence speed of model in practical urban high-voltage network and its optimization algorithm on the basis of research results, is one of the most important issues for the current power network research and the engineering practice.
Network optimization is compared the performance indicators in the current operation mode and adjusted the network configuration by calculation, to determined the most reasonable way in the large number of possible operation. On-line network optimization method is based on the target parameters of total active power, total reactive power, total power loss, total reactive power loss, the number of switching operation, etc. as the safety economic indicators, to determine the optimal network in a time. After the calculation of safety economic indicators was completed, the system was given the current operating mode, as well as several post-optimized operation mode, or given the optimal network at any one time in the future, so that officers have been obtained a direction for the optimization of on-line network.
In this thesis, a number of issues and practical algorithm for network optimization was researched. Network optimization is using mathematical optimization methods and modern heuristic methods. Mathematical optimization method is to make mathematical description for the optimal network, there are bound into the issue of extreme value, and then to solve the issue by optimization theory, the main method is use of the classical optimization techniques, such as linear optimization, nonlinear optimization, dynamic optimization, mixed-integer optimization. Modern heuristic method is a search algorithm that based on a natural mechanism such as natural selection, physical or biological phenomenon acts, it is fit for solve the combinatorial optimization problems, as well as nonlinear optimization problems that objective function or some constraints are non-differentiable, there are genetic algorithm, ant colony algorithm, Tabu search and particle swarm optimization, etc. For a variety of artificial intelligence methods, how to determine the correct search direction and improve the search efficiency of algorithms and obtain the global optimal solution are the key issues to improve the design of studies.
In this thesis, based on the study of existing mathematical model and intelligent algorithm for high-voltage network optimization, the power network in Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province as an example, from the actual characteristics of the city high-voltage power network , the use of reduced-order enumeration method, combined with the sensitivity of indicators , according to the sensitivity of balance point active power to the admittance coefficient, the on-line calculation for the urban high-voltage power network was used to determine the best operation mode. With taking into account the constraints of run-time conditions, the optimal operation mode for urban high-voltage power network was determined at one time, the try of algorithm was completed on-line, the accuracy and the global optimum of the results was ensured.
引文
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