信息和通信技术对于塞拉利昂非正式部门研究发展的影响
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摘要
发达国家与发展中国家政府高层的首要任务是促进社会全面进步与发展，提升国力，推进社会的公平与正义，逐步消灭贫困和贫穷，促进经济的长期稳定发展和繁荣。而这一切的基础是不断地推进国家经济的中长期发展，满足普通公民的切身需求。然而，至今为止，在大多数撒哈拉以南的非洲地区，包括塞拉利昂在内，城市与农村之间的不均衡状况仍然没有得到较好的改善。这种不平等的根源被认为是源于那些对国家发展有重要影响的垄断商业交易行业的划分，即正规行业和非正规行业。在大多数情况下，政府缺乏针对这种情况的强有力的理性战略政策，用以防止大多数人口被认为是贫困人口，且他们大部分时间生活在农村，无法有效地参与国家社会经济发展并且从其所做出的贡献获得较好的收益。
本文应用管理学、经济学及其相关学科的基础知识和基本理论探讨信息和通信技术对于塞拉利昂非正规行业的影响，尤其是在现阶段，即已经完成以“改革议程”为标签的第一个五年计划，即将进入以“繁荣议程”为标签的第二个五年计划的时期。信息和通信技术在发展中国家是否提高了服务的交付，是否为社会和经济的可持续发展提供了高消费的增长，金融机构较低的税率是否助推了商业交易以及社会和经济繁荣。
为了解决上述问题，作者在塞拉利昂的非正规行业进行问卷调查，并对这一调查结果进行实证研究，为了考察实际问题中相互依存的不同参数的变化对商业和经济系统的影响，作者对所改进的商业经济模型的Lyapunov指数进行计算，得到了随着参数的变化。这类商业和经济系统内在复杂性的变化规律，研究了参数变化对系统灵敏性的影响。
在此大的宏观研究背景下，本文分析了塞拉利昂不同行业发展和差距的原因，提出了解决这一问题的具体方案，研究结果表明：信息和通信技术的逐步应用和发展是解决这一问题的关键和瓶颈，为这地区非正式部门提供必要的他们负担起的利息小额贷款是改善非正式行业效率。从而促进经济繁荣和社会快速进步的必要保障，这一研究结果可谓塞拉利昂等国家金融和经济政策的实施提供很好的借鉴作用。
The topmost priority of both developed and developing governments is to promote socialprogress and development, enhance national strength, promote social fairness and justice that isthe bedrock to eradicating abject poverty and promote a sustainable social and economicprosperity But so far, the situation of imbalances between the urban and rural areas hasseen little or no improvements in mostly Sub-Saharan African countries of whichSierra Leone is included. This unequal distribution is considered to be derived from the widerdisparities to the development of human resource, national industries, economic and socialinjustices and finally commercial transactions as widely recorded that has resulted to the formaland the informal sectors of development. In most cases, the lack of a strong response to thissituations and the will to implement rational strategic policies to solve and or mitigate social andeconomic imbalances which result to the bulk of the population living below the poverty line tonot effectively participate in the national socio-economic development of the country is amongstnumerous reasons that ignites social and economic chaos in nations.
In this research, we conceptualize methodologies in management science andengineering and related disciplines to analytically examine the impact of informationand communication technologies on the development of the informal sector in SierraLeone more especially now that it has completed its first five year plan tagged the“Agenda for Change” and recently transformed to the second five year plan “TheAgenda for Prosperity”. Does Information and Communication Technology indeveloping countries improve the delivery of services and signal high consumergrowth for a sustainable social and economic development?, and Does lower tax ratesin financial institutions boost business transactions and hence social and economicprosperity?
To answer to questions outlined on the specific research questions, we firstdeveloped a questionnaire to conduct a survey of establishments with a bias on theinformal sector in Sierra Leone to examine the different interdependence changes ofparameters and their overall complexity in the business environment that normallyresults to economic stagnation. we thoroughly investigates the linear and nonlinearchanges in parameters applying an analog-to-digital simulation processes and aLyapunov exponent system concept after Ma et.al [25] examines changes inparameters which normally results to chaos in financial systems, Leonov andShumafov [15] stabilization of controllable liner system and Su, Zhang et al [16] explores the practical stability and controllability for a class of nonlinear discretesystems with delays in time. We applied our software engineering knowledge topropose a unified software model to be integrated in all sectors of development for asustained growth.
Against this backdrop of macroeconomic research, this paper analyzes the development ofdifferent sectors in Sierra Leone and outlines possible reasons for the wider disparities withinsectors of development and hence put forward specific and strategic rational proposals to solveand or mitigate the social and economic imbalances. Results showed that: the integration ofinformation and communication technology in all sectors of development is the real bases to solvethe economic stagnation seen mostly around the poor populace and recommends that financialinstitutions provide accessible and affordable micro-lending facilities to mostly the informal sectorof the society to promoting social and economic prosperity and hence a sustainable national andbelieved this work could be used for guide to social and economic development..
本文应用管理学、经济学及其相关学科的基础知识和基本理论探讨信息和通信技术对于塞拉利昂非正规行业的影响，尤其是在现阶段，即已经完成以“改革议程”为标签的第一个五年计划，即将进入以“繁荣议程”为标签的第二个五年计划的时期。信息和通信技术在发展中国家是否提高了服务的交付，是否为社会和经济的可持续发展提供了高消费的增长，金融机构较低的税率是否助推了商业交易以及社会和经济繁荣。
为了解决上述问题，作者在塞拉利昂的非正规行业进行问卷调查，并对这一调查结果进行实证研究，为了考察实际问题中相互依存的不同参数的变化对商业和经济系统的影响，作者对所改进的商业经济模型的Lyapunov指数进行计算，得到了随着参数的变化。这类商业和经济系统内在复杂性的变化规律，研究了参数变化对系统灵敏性的影响。
在此大的宏观研究背景下，本文分析了塞拉利昂不同行业发展和差距的原因，提出了解决这一问题的具体方案，研究结果表明：信息和通信技术的逐步应用和发展是解决这一问题的关键和瓶颈，为这地区非正式部门提供必要的他们负担起的利息小额贷款是改善非正式行业效率。从而促进经济繁荣和社会快速进步的必要保障，这一研究结果可谓塞拉利昂等国家金融和经济政策的实施提供很好的借鉴作用。
The topmost priority of both developed and developing governments is to promote socialprogress and development, enhance national strength, promote social fairness and justice that isthe bedrock to eradicating abject poverty and promote a sustainable social and economicprosperity But so far, the situation of imbalances between the urban and rural areas hasseen little or no improvements in mostly Sub-Saharan African countries of whichSierra Leone is included. This unequal distribution is considered to be derived from the widerdisparities to the development of human resource, national industries, economic and socialinjustices and finally commercial transactions as widely recorded that has resulted to the formaland the informal sectors of development. In most cases, the lack of a strong response to thissituations and the will to implement rational strategic policies to solve and or mitigate social andeconomic imbalances which result to the bulk of the population living below the poverty line tonot effectively participate in the national socio-economic development of the country is amongstnumerous reasons that ignites social and economic chaos in nations.
In this research, we conceptualize methodologies in management science andengineering and related disciplines to analytically examine the impact of informationand communication technologies on the development of the informal sector in SierraLeone more especially now that it has completed its first five year plan tagged the“Agenda for Change” and recently transformed to the second five year plan “TheAgenda for Prosperity”. Does Information and Communication Technology indeveloping countries improve the delivery of services and signal high consumergrowth for a sustainable social and economic development?, and Does lower tax ratesin financial institutions boost business transactions and hence social and economicprosperity?
To answer to questions outlined on the specific research questions, we firstdeveloped a questionnaire to conduct a survey of establishments with a bias on theinformal sector in Sierra Leone to examine the different interdependence changes ofparameters and their overall complexity in the business environment that normallyresults to economic stagnation. we thoroughly investigates the linear and nonlinearchanges in parameters applying an analog-to-digital simulation processes and aLyapunov exponent system concept after Ma et.al [25] examines changes inparameters which normally results to chaos in financial systems, Leonov andShumafov [15] stabilization of controllable liner system and Su, Zhang et al [16] explores the practical stability and controllability for a class of nonlinear discretesystems with delays in time. We applied our software engineering knowledge topropose a unified software model to be integrated in all sectors of development for asustained growth.
Against this backdrop of macroeconomic research, this paper analyzes the development ofdifferent sectors in Sierra Leone and outlines possible reasons for the wider disparities withinsectors of development and hence put forward specific and strategic rational proposals to solveand or mitigate the social and economic imbalances. Results showed that: the integration ofinformation and communication technology in all sectors of development is the real bases to solvethe economic stagnation seen mostly around the poor populace and recommends that financialinstitutions provide accessible and affordable micro-lending facilities to mostly the informal sectorof the society to promoting social and economic prosperity and hence a sustainable national andbelieved this work could be used for guide to social and economic development..
引文
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[5] Zhang Li. Interest rates, exchange rates and the quantity of money on our prices inrecent years. Academic Forum,2011,(11)
[6] Yang Liping, Chen Songlin, Candice. Money supply, bank credit and inflationdynamic relationship. Management World,2009(6)
[7] Yang Jisheng. Inflation expectations, excess liquidity with the dynamic nature of theChinese inflation. Economic Research,2009(1)
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