20世纪美国基督教基要主义研究
摘要
美国基督教基要主义在19世纪下半期萌发,20世纪初期开始形成和发展,到20世纪末期几次走向衰落,中间经历了20年代基要主义运动的高潮期,30—50年代的衰落期,60—80年代再度以新福音主义面貌崛起,90年代再度衰落的过程。不论从宗教史、政治史还是文化史角度看,美国基督教基要主义都曾经具有比较大的影响,在当今美国社会,基要主义也没有销声匿迹、偃旗息鼓。对美国基督教基要主义的研究具有一定的学术价值和现实宗教、政治与文化意义。
本文除前言部分对国内外相关研究现状、本文的研究方法和研究目的进行介绍外,共分为5章进行研究:
第一章,美国基督教基要主义研究的基本理论问题。本章从美国基督教基要主义的概念与认识问题;美国基督教基要主义与福音派、新基督教右翼的区别与联系问题、美国基督教基要主义教派和教派运动问题等3个方面对本文涉及的一些理论性、概念性问题进行了说明和认识。
第二章,美国基督教基要主义的历史渊源。本章从17—18世纪清教徒理想的继承(包括清教徒“山巅之城”理想、清教徒圣经学思想、清教徒“契约”理论)、19世纪美国基督新教教派遗产和转变(包括千禧年论、公民千禧年论、天命主义、圣洁运动、五旬节派、长老派和浸礼派)、19世纪末期基督教基要主义的萌发(包括尼亚加拉圣经大会和尼亚加拉信条、穆迪——美国基督教基要主义创始人和19世纪末美国的新教危机)等3个方面对美国基督教基要主义的理论来源、教派传统、组织基础和基要主义的萌芽等问题进行了论述,探讨了美国基督教基要主义的来龙去脉及其表现形式。
第三章,20世纪上半期的美国基督教基要主义。本章从20世纪初美国基督教基要主义运动的兴起(包括1910-1915年《基要》的出版及其主要内容、1914-1918年第一次世界大战给美国社会带来的危机、1919年“世界基督教基要派协会”的建立、1920年基要主义概念的出现和20世纪初期美国基督教基要主义主体思想和奋斗目标的形成)、20世纪上半期美国基督教基要主义的代表人物和组织(包括20世纪上半期美国基督教基要主义的主要代表人物、20世纪上半期美国基督教基要主义代表人物的思想和主张和20世纪上半期美国基督教基要主义领导人的作为)、基要主义反进化论运动与斯科普斯案(包括田纳西州反进化论立法、斯科普斯案始末、斯科普斯案的影响、基要主义反进化论组织及其他行动和基要主义反进化论问题分析)、20世纪20年代美国基督教基要主义的其他活动(包括为反对自由派和现代派而建立各种圣经学院、基要派的扩大和早期分离活动和基要主义宣传活动)、20世纪30—40年代的美国基督教基要主义及其衰落(包括20世纪30年代美国基督教基要主义的变化、20世纪40年代美国基督教基要主义的发展和二战影响下的40年代美国基督教基要主义活动)等5个方面对这个时期基督教基要主义的表现进行了追述。
第四章,20世纪下半期的美国基督教基要主义。本章从20世纪下半期美国基督教基要主义代表人物和组织(包括20世纪下半期美国基督教基要主义代表人物、20世纪下半期美国基督教基要主义主要代表人物的思想和主张、20世纪下半期美国基督教基要主义组织)、20世纪50年代的美国基督教基要主义(包括麦卡锡主义反共高潮中的重要成员、50年代美国基督教基要主义的内部分裂与改革和从50年代开始并延续到70年代的神恩复兴运动)、20世纪60-70年代美国反文化运动及其与宗教的关联(包括60—70年代美国反文化运动概念的提出、60—70年代美国反文化运动概念的范围和60—70年代美国反文化运动与宗教的关联)、20世纪60-80年代的美国基督教基要主义(包括60年代从基要主义到新福音主义的变迁、60—80年代基要派新一轮反进化论运动与学校教育问题、70—80年代新基督教右翼运动中的基要主义、70年代有关美国基要主义的著作和杂志、60—80年代基要主义参与的其他活动)、20世纪90年代的美国基督教基要主义(包括美国基督教基要主义与其他教派宗教信仰和活动比较、20世纪90年代美国基督教基要主义在宗教信仰上的变化和20世纪90年代美国基督教基要主义在社会活动方面的变化)等5个方面来阐述。
第五章,美国基督教基要主义分析与评价。本章对美国基督教基要主义产生和存在的原因(包括美国基督教保守主义传统为基督教基要主义奠定了基础、20世纪初期美国的文化危机为基督教基要主义创造了契机、世界宗教基要主义的存在为基督教基要主义搭建了舞台、美国政教关系的惯例为基督教基要主义营造了空间)、美国基督教基要主义的性质(包括保守主义的宗教性质、反动主义的政治性质性、传统主义的文化性质),美国基督教基要主义的基本特征(包括好战的风格特征、分离主义的组织策略特征、边缘化的属性特征、超自然论的理论特征、内部分歧的教派特征、成员与目标的广泛性特征)、美国基督教基要主义的失败原因(包括逆历史潮流而动是基要主义失败的客观原因、教派内部纷争与不和是基要主义失败的主观原因、思想偏激和固守信条是基要主义失败的理论原因、战略不当和策略失误是基要主义失败的方法原因)、以及美国基督教基要主义的历史地位和影响等5个方面进行了详细分析与评价,提出了作者自己的看法,论证了自己的认识,说明了本研究重要的学科价值和社会现实意义。
American Christian Fundamentalism was shoot in the second half of the 19th century,formed and developed in the beginning of the 20th century, and declined by the end of the century. In the process, Fundamentalism went through the high tide in 1920s,the decline of 1930 to 1950s, the rise of in the name of new-evangelicalism in 1960 to 1980s,and decline again in 1990s. From religious, political, and cultural history point of view, American Christian Fundamentalism even had little great influence. American Christian Fundamentalism is not demise in the USA recently. The research to American Christian Fundamentalism are important from academy and religion and social politics and culture.
The Ph. D. dissertation is divided into 5 chapters except prefece.
The first chapter reviews the basic theory of the study of American Christian Fundamentalism,including the concept, the difference and the links between of American Christian Fundamentalism and evangelicalism and new Christian Right,denominations and religious movements.
The second chapter reviews the historical source of American Christian Fundamentalism, including following the ideas of Puritans in the 17th and 18th century, American Christian Protestant traditions and changes during 19th century, and the shoot of American Christian Fundamentalism.
The third chapter reviews American Christian Fundamentalism in the first half of 20th century, including the beginning of American Christian Fundamentalism in the early of the 20th century, its leaders and organizations, anti-evolution movement and the case of John T. Scopes other actions American Christian Fundamentalism during 1920s, and the decline of American Christian Fundamentalism 1930-1940s.
The fourth chapter reviews American Christian Fundamentalism in the second half of 20th century, including its leaders and organizations, American Christian Fundamentalism split in 1950s,the relationship between anti-culture movement and religion during 1960-1970s,the new religious right during 1960 to 1980s, and American Christian Fundamentalism in 1990s.
The fifth chapter analyze and appraise American Christian Fundamentalism,including the reasons of American Christian Fundamentalism came into being and exist,the nature of American Christian Fundamentalism, the characters of American Christian Fundamentalism, the causes of American Christian Fundamentalism failed, and the historical position and influences.
本文除前言部分对国内外相关研究现状、本文的研究方法和研究目的进行介绍外,共分为5章进行研究:
第一章,美国基督教基要主义研究的基本理论问题。本章从美国基督教基要主义的概念与认识问题;美国基督教基要主义与福音派、新基督教右翼的区别与联系问题、美国基督教基要主义教派和教派运动问题等3个方面对本文涉及的一些理论性、概念性问题进行了说明和认识。
第二章,美国基督教基要主义的历史渊源。本章从17—18世纪清教徒理想的继承(包括清教徒“山巅之城”理想、清教徒圣经学思想、清教徒“契约”理论)、19世纪美国基督新教教派遗产和转变(包括千禧年论、公民千禧年论、天命主义、圣洁运动、五旬节派、长老派和浸礼派)、19世纪末期基督教基要主义的萌发(包括尼亚加拉圣经大会和尼亚加拉信条、穆迪——美国基督教基要主义创始人和19世纪末美国的新教危机)等3个方面对美国基督教基要主义的理论来源、教派传统、组织基础和基要主义的萌芽等问题进行了论述,探讨了美国基督教基要主义的来龙去脉及其表现形式。
第三章,20世纪上半期的美国基督教基要主义。本章从20世纪初美国基督教基要主义运动的兴起(包括1910-1915年《基要》的出版及其主要内容、1914-1918年第一次世界大战给美国社会带来的危机、1919年“世界基督教基要派协会”的建立、1920年基要主义概念的出现和20世纪初期美国基督教基要主义主体思想和奋斗目标的形成)、20世纪上半期美国基督教基要主义的代表人物和组织(包括20世纪上半期美国基督教基要主义的主要代表人物、20世纪上半期美国基督教基要主义代表人物的思想和主张和20世纪上半期美国基督教基要主义领导人的作为)、基要主义反进化论运动与斯科普斯案(包括田纳西州反进化论立法、斯科普斯案始末、斯科普斯案的影响、基要主义反进化论组织及其他行动和基要主义反进化论问题分析)、20世纪20年代美国基督教基要主义的其他活动(包括为反对自由派和现代派而建立各种圣经学院、基要派的扩大和早期分离活动和基要主义宣传活动)、20世纪30—40年代的美国基督教基要主义及其衰落(包括20世纪30年代美国基督教基要主义的变化、20世纪40年代美国基督教基要主义的发展和二战影响下的40年代美国基督教基要主义活动)等5个方面对这个时期基督教基要主义的表现进行了追述。
第四章,20世纪下半期的美国基督教基要主义。本章从20世纪下半期美国基督教基要主义代表人物和组织(包括20世纪下半期美国基督教基要主义代表人物、20世纪下半期美国基督教基要主义主要代表人物的思想和主张、20世纪下半期美国基督教基要主义组织)、20世纪50年代的美国基督教基要主义(包括麦卡锡主义反共高潮中的重要成员、50年代美国基督教基要主义的内部分裂与改革和从50年代开始并延续到70年代的神恩复兴运动)、20世纪60-70年代美国反文化运动及其与宗教的关联(包括60—70年代美国反文化运动概念的提出、60—70年代美国反文化运动概念的范围和60—70年代美国反文化运动与宗教的关联)、20世纪60-80年代的美国基督教基要主义(包括60年代从基要主义到新福音主义的变迁、60—80年代基要派新一轮反进化论运动与学校教育问题、70—80年代新基督教右翼运动中的基要主义、70年代有关美国基要主义的著作和杂志、60—80年代基要主义参与的其他活动)、20世纪90年代的美国基督教基要主义(包括美国基督教基要主义与其他教派宗教信仰和活动比较、20世纪90年代美国基督教基要主义在宗教信仰上的变化和20世纪90年代美国基督教基要主义在社会活动方面的变化)等5个方面来阐述。
第五章,美国基督教基要主义分析与评价。本章对美国基督教基要主义产生和存在的原因(包括美国基督教保守主义传统为基督教基要主义奠定了基础、20世纪初期美国的文化危机为基督教基要主义创造了契机、世界宗教基要主义的存在为基督教基要主义搭建了舞台、美国政教关系的惯例为基督教基要主义营造了空间)、美国基督教基要主义的性质(包括保守主义的宗教性质、反动主义的政治性质性、传统主义的文化性质),美国基督教基要主义的基本特征(包括好战的风格特征、分离主义的组织策略特征、边缘化的属性特征、超自然论的理论特征、内部分歧的教派特征、成员与目标的广泛性特征)、美国基督教基要主义的失败原因(包括逆历史潮流而动是基要主义失败的客观原因、教派内部纷争与不和是基要主义失败的主观原因、思想偏激和固守信条是基要主义失败的理论原因、战略不当和策略失误是基要主义失败的方法原因)、以及美国基督教基要主义的历史地位和影响等5个方面进行了详细分析与评价,提出了作者自己的看法,论证了自己的认识,说明了本研究重要的学科价值和社会现实意义。
American Christian Fundamentalism was shoot in the second half of the 19th century,formed and developed in the beginning of the 20th century, and declined by the end of the century. In the process, Fundamentalism went through the high tide in 1920s,the decline of 1930 to 1950s, the rise of in the name of new-evangelicalism in 1960 to 1980s,and decline again in 1990s. From religious, political, and cultural history point of view, American Christian Fundamentalism even had little great influence. American Christian Fundamentalism is not demise in the USA recently. The research to American Christian Fundamentalism are important from academy and religion and social politics and culture.
The Ph. D. dissertation is divided into 5 chapters except prefece.
The first chapter reviews the basic theory of the study of American Christian Fundamentalism,including the concept, the difference and the links between of American Christian Fundamentalism and evangelicalism and new Christian Right,denominations and religious movements.
The second chapter reviews the historical source of American Christian Fundamentalism, including following the ideas of Puritans in the 17th and 18th century, American Christian Protestant traditions and changes during 19th century, and the shoot of American Christian Fundamentalism.
The third chapter reviews American Christian Fundamentalism in the first half of 20th century, including the beginning of American Christian Fundamentalism in the early of the 20th century, its leaders and organizations, anti-evolution movement and the case of John T. Scopes other actions American Christian Fundamentalism during 1920s, and the decline of American Christian Fundamentalism 1930-1940s.
The fourth chapter reviews American Christian Fundamentalism in the second half of 20th century, including its leaders and organizations, American Christian Fundamentalism split in 1950s,the relationship between anti-culture movement and religion during 1960-1970s,the new religious right during 1960 to 1980s, and American Christian Fundamentalism in 1990s.
The fifth chapter analyze and appraise American Christian Fundamentalism,including the reasons of American Christian Fundamentalism came into being and exist,the nature of American Christian Fundamentalism, the characters of American Christian Fundamentalism, the causes of American Christian Fundamentalism failed, and the historical position and influences.
引文
①George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, Published by the author,:Sarasota, Florida, 1983. pp. 169-174.
①葛丽英:《基督教新右派兴起的主要动因》,《宗教学研究》2000年第4期,第127页。
②刘澎:《宗教右翼与美国政治》,见《美国研究》1997年第4期,第33页。
③徐薇薇,胡祥云:《试论新保守派与基督教右翼的联盟及其主导下的美国中东战略》《国际关系学院学报》,2006年第6期,第4页。
④徐薇薇,胡祥云:《试论新保守派与基督教右翼的联盟及其主导下的美国中东战略》《国际关系学院学报》,2006年第6期,第4页。
①基督教词典编写组《基督教词典》,北京:北京语言学院出版社1994年版,第730页。
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, New York: Oxford University Press, 1980. pp.118-119.
①梅嘉:《美国宗教右翼的崛起及其影响》,载《当代世界》1995年第10期,第32页.
②李力,曾强:《美国的基督教原教旨主义与教育》,载《国际资料信息》,2005年第10期
③George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p. 117.另见:George M. Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1987. pp. 56-57.
④Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change, Routledge Publishers, New York, 2003. pp. 98-99.
⑤David Cloud,http://www.fundamentalbook.com/booklet12.htm,下载时间:2008,11,10。
①The Encyclopedia Americana, International edition, Grolier Inc.: 1985. p.164,
②The New Encyclop?dia Britannica, Volume 5, Chicago: 1993, pp. 51-53,
③http://lexicorient.com/e.o/fundamen.htm,下载时间:2008,12,16。
④陈泽民:《中国大百科全书·宗教卷》,北京:1988年版,第191页。
①卢龙光:《基督教圣经与神学词典》,北京:宗教文化出版社,2007年版,第174页。
②基督教词典编写组《基督教词典》,第235页。
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. pp. 4, 14,15.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p. 200.
②James Davison Hunter, American Evangelicalism: Conservative Religion and the Quandary of Modernity, New Jersey, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984. pp. 33-34.
③Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007. p. 60.
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. 1991. p. 24.
②George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, Published by the author,:Sarasota, Florida, 1983. p. 2
③John Hicks, The Political Subsistence of the Religious Right: Why the Christian Right Survives and Does Not Thrive), http://are.as.wvu.edu/lebeau1.htm,下载时间:2008,3,20。
①Martin E. Marty, Modern American Religion Volume II The Noise of Conflict 1919-1941, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1991. pp.174-184.
②Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change, Routledge Publishers, New York, 2003. pp.98-103.
①Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change, pp. 303-304.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.195.
③Ibid. p.149.
④George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.43.
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. 1991. p. 22.
②Ibid. p. 22.
③George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.199-228.
④George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp. 43-44.
①Mark A. Noll , American Evangelical Christianity, An Introduction, Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2001.p. 13.
②《基督教词典》编写组:《基督教词典》,第162-163页。
③王恩铭:《试论美国新宗教右翼》,《世界历史》2007年第6期,第85页。
①James Davison Hunter, American Evangelicalism: Conservative Religion and the Quandary of Modernity, New Jersey, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984. pp. 7, 145(notes,5).
②Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, Michigan: Grand Rapids, 1991. p.4-5.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,宋继杰译,北京:中央编译出版社,2005年版,第4页。
③Gallup,George, Jr., Religion in America, Princeton N. J. : Princeton Religion Research Center,1982, p.31.
④Timothy L. Smith,“The Evangelical Kaleidoscope and the Call to Unity”, Christian Scholar’s Review 15 2,1986, p.128.
⑤Ted G. Jelen, Religion and Political Behavior in the United States, Praeger Publisher, New York, 1989, pp.6-7.
①James Davison Hunter, American Evangelicalism: Conservative Religion and the Quandary of Modernity, New Jersey, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984. pp. 23-24.
②http://www.8ttt8.com/wenhua/w21788.htm,下载时间:2009,2,16。
③Rorbert Wuthnow , The Political Rebirth of American Evangelicals, in R. Liebman and R.Wuthnow, The New Christian Right, New York:Aldine Publisher, 1983, p.172.转引自董小川《20世纪美国宗教与政治》,北京:人民出版社2002年版,第171—173页。
①Ted G. Jelen, Religion and Political Behavior in the United States, p.244,转引自董小川《20世纪美国宗教与政治》。
②Ibid. p. 248. ,转引自董小川《20世纪美国宗教与政治》。
③Ted G. Jelen,“Religion and Political Behavior in the United States”, p.244,转引自董小川《20世纪美国宗教与政治》
④Mark A. Noll , American Evangelical Christianity, An Introduction, Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2001.p. 12.
①Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change, New York: Routledge Publishers, pp. 94-95.
②Patrick Allitt, Major Problems in American Religious History, Documents and Essays, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999. p. 496.
③Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, , The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change,Routledge Publishers, New York, 2003. pp. 94-95
①Hunter,James D., The Evangelical Worldview Since 1890, In Richard John Neuhaus and Michael Cromartie, Piety and Politics, Washington D.C.: Ethics and Public Police Center 1987, p.43.
②Ted G. Jelen, Religion and Political Behavior in the United States, , 1989, p.68.
③Allitt, Patrick, Major Problems in American Religious History, Documents and Essays, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999. p. 497.
④D. G. Hart, Reckoning with the Past, Historical Essays on American Evangelicalism from the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1995. p.234.
①董小川:《20世纪美国宗教与政治》,北京:人民出版社, 2002年版,第167页。
①董小川:《20世纪美国宗教与政治》,北京:人民出版社, 2002年版,第167页。
①John Hicks, The Political Subsistence of the Religious Right: Why the Christian Right Survives and Does Not Thrive, http://are.as.wvu.edu/lebeau1.htm,下载时间:2008,3,20。
①R·G·哈切森:《白宫中的上帝》。北京·中国社会科学出版社, 1992年版,第196—198页。
②王恩铭:《试论美国新宗教右翼》,《世界历史》2007年第6期,第82页。
③Robert Wuthnow,The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation, Aldine Publishing Company, New York, 1983. pp. 229-231.
④刘澎:《宗教右翼与美国政治》,载《美国研究》1997年第4期,第33页。
①钟文范:《七八十年代美国宗教新右派运动》武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版) 1997年第3期(总第230期),第96-99页。
②何涛:《美国宗教右翼势力简介》《国际资料信息》2006年第5期,第13页。
①顾然:《六七十年代美国的新右派运动初探》《历史教学》2002年,第9期,第37页。
②葛丽英:《宗教学研究》2000年第4期,第127页。
③李芳:《从1992年美国总统大选看基督教新右派的影响》,《世界宗教研究》1994年第1期,注释1。
④杨巧燕、张书元:《20世纪七八十年代宗教新右翼与美国政治》,《新西部》2007.22期,第107页。
⑤梅嘉:《美国宗教右翼的崛起及其影响》,载《当代世界》1995年第10期,第32页。
①郭亚玲:《美国福音派社会意识的复醒》,《国际论坛》2006年第2期,第73-74页。
②Ted G. Jelen, Religion and Political Behavior in the United States, Praeger Publisher, New York, 1989, pp. 243-245.
①宋继杰:《认识美国基要主义与福音派》,中央编译出版社,2005年版。
②王恩铭:《试论美国新宗教右翼》,《世界历史》,2007年第6期。
③James Davison Hunter, American Evangelicalism: Conservative Religion and the Quandary of Modernity, New Jersey, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984. pp. 7, 145(notes,5).
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007. p. 24.
②Ibid. p. 10.
③Ibid. pp. 16-36.
④Robert Wuthnow,The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation, Aldine Publishing Company, New York, 1983. pp.2-5.
①Robert Wuthnow,The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation, New York:Aldine Publishing Company, 1983. pp.13-30.
②Julia Mitchell Corbett, Religion in America, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 1997, p. 19.
③刘澎:《宗教右翼与美国政治》,见《美国研究》1997年第4期,第34页
①Robert Wuthnow,The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation, p.167.
②董小川:《20世纪美国宗教与政治》,人民出版社2002年版,第166-174页。
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, New York: Oxford University Press, 1980. p.46.
②[美]丹尼尔·J·布尔斯廷:《美国人殖民地历程》,谢延光等译,上海:上海译文出版社,1993年版,第5页。
③Frank J. Lechner,“Fundamentalism and Sociocultural Revitalization in America: A Sociological Interpretation”Sociological Analysis, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Autumn, 1985), p.247.
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. 1991. p. 6.
②宋佳航:《英属北美马萨诸塞殖民地政教合一体制探析》,2008年12月硕士论文,第20—21页。
③D. G. Hart, Reckoning with the Past, Historical Essays on American Evangelicalism from the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1995. p. 24.
④D. G. Hart, Reckoning with the Past, Historical Essays on American Evangelicalism from the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, pp. 24,26,28.
①张媛:《从清教徒到扬基——新英格兰清教社会的世俗化过程》,南京师范大学英语语言文学系2007年博士毕业论文,第1—15,52页。
②张孟媛:《关于美国民主的清教渊源》,《世界历史》2007年,第6期,第73页。
③D. G. Hart, Reckoning with the Past, Historical Essays on American Evangelicalism from the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, pp. 39,49.
④Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism British and American Millenarianism,1800-1930, Michigan: Baker Book House Company,1978. p. xiv.
①Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, p.2.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第2页。
①基督教词典编写组:《基督教词典》,第386—387页。
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amillennialism,下载时间:2008,12,30。
③台湾殷保罗著《慕迪神学手册》http://www.pcchong.com/mydictionary/Eschatology/Postmillennialism.htm,下载时间: 2008,11,9。
④http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennialism,下载时间:2008,11,9。
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. 1991. pp. 6,7.
②Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism British and American Millenarianism,1800-1930, p. 4.
①Ibid. p.42.
②Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism British and American Millenarianism,1800-1930, p. 95.
③George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp. 49-51, 146-156.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.27.
②Ernest R. Sandeen“Fundamentalism and American Identity”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 387, The Sixties: Radical Change in American Religion (Jan., 1970), pp. 58-59.
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, 1991. p. 7.
②Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, p. 7.
③http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispensationalism,下载时间:2008,12,31。
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, pp. 11,15.
②Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, pp.39-41.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第30-32页。George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, New York: Oxford University Press, 1980. pp. 47, 55.
③George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, 1987. p. 5.
④http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiness_movement,下载时间:2008,12,31。
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism:1870- 1925,p.86.
②Ibid. p. 87.
③http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossolalia,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival,下载时间:2009,1,14。
④George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.94.
①Mark A. Noll , American Evangelical Christianity, An Introduction, Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2001.p. 87.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.107, 118-119.另见http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentalism,下载时间:2009,1,2。
③Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, Michigan: Grand Rapids, 1991. pp.56-57.
④Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1976. p.198.
①Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, pp.56-57.
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_E._Fuller,下载时间:2009,1,10。
③George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, Greenville: Bob Jones University Press, 1973. pp. 112-143.
④Ernest R. Sandeen“Fundamentalism and American Identity”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 387, The Sixties: Radical Change in American Religion (Jan., 1970), p. 59
⑤Ernest R. Sandeen“Fundamentalism and American Identity”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, p. 60
⑥George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 150.
①Frank J. Lechner Fundamentalism and Sociocultural Revitalization in America: A Sociological Interpretation Sociological Analysis, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Autumn, 1985), p.247.
②Alan Heimert, Religion and the American Mind: From the Great Awakening to the Revolution, Mass.: Cambridge Press, 1966, p. vii
③George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.46.
①Ibid. p.102.
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, pp. 27-28.另见:http:// en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ Niagara_ Bible_Conference,下载时间:2009,1,2。
①Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism British and American Millenarianism,1800-1930, pp. 273-277.
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_Bible_Conference,下载时间:2009,1,2。
③https://webspace.utexas.edu/cokerwr/www/slides/creation/creation.shtml,下载时间:2009,1,25。另见卢龙光:《基督教圣经与神学词典》,第174页。基督教词典编写组《基督教词典》,第235页。
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_L._Moody,下载时间:2009,1,15。
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 77.
③George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870- 1925, pp.33-37.
①Yefim Galkine, A Brief History of American Fundamentalism, http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15。
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, pp. 19-24.
①Ibid. pp. 28-29.
②George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, 1987. pp. 4-5.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.93.
②George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, Published by the author,:Sarasota, Florida, 1983. pp. 1-11.
①George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, pp. 1-2.
①George M. Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, Michigan: Grand Rapids, 1991. pp.56-57.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870- 1925, pp.107, 118-119.另见http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentalism,下载时间:2009,1,2。
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.118-120.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.146.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.149-153.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.166.
①George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 161.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.31.
①George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, pp. 148-158.
②Ibid. pp. 159-161.
③George M. Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, Michigan: Grand Rapids, 1991. pp.56-57.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第45-46页。
④George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 150.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007. pp. 59-60.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.169.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.60.
②Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.61.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870- 1925, p.31.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp. 22-25.另见http:// en. wikipedia.org/ wiki/ J._ Frank_Norris,下载时间:2008,12,15。
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, pp. 122,130.
③Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 50.
④George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 135.另见:Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 51.
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bell_Riley,下载时间:2008,11,28。
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, pp. 114-117.
③Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 83.
④Ibid. p.132.
⑤http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._C._Massee,下载时间:2008,11,29
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.135,140.
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Gresham_Machen,下载时间:2009,1,21。
③Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.142,144-145.
④Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, pp. 182-183.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第159-160页。
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan,下载时间: 2008,11,29。
②Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p.198.
③George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 106.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.84-86,90-91,93,95.
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, pp. 119-120.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.198-201.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp. 54-55,57-58,60,64.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 85.
②Mark A. Noll , American Evangelical Christianity, An Introduction, Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2001.pp. 88-89.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 57.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 86.
②Ibid. pp. 25-26.
①George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, Published by the author,:Sarasota, Florida, 1983. pp. 5-7.
①http://www.dahe.cn/wenhua/shgc/t20070428_950001.htm,下载时间:2008,11,3。
②白丰绩硕士毕业论文:《20世纪70年代以来美国新基督教右翼运动》,2003年7月。
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007. p. 173.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.189.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.212.
②Larry O'Dell,Anti-Evolution Movement http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/A/AN011.html,下载时间:2009,1,21。
③http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Evolution_League_of_America,下载时间:2009,1,21。另见:George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 162.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.70.
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dewey,下载时间:2009,1,16。
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.212-214.
③Jon R. Stone, On the Boundaries of American Evangelicalism, The Postwar Evangelical Coalition, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997. p. 65.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, pp. 71-78.
②Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. p. 37.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.122-123.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.184-185.
②Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.90.
①Ibid. pp. 38-39.
②http://news.sina.com.cn/c/cul/2007-06-12/171013212773.shtml,下载时间:2008,11,4。
③Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, p. 16.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.160.
②Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 16-17.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.52.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.164-165.
③George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 4.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.47.
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 126-129.
②Ibid. pp. 22-26.
③Mark A. Noll , American Evangelical Christianity, An Introduction, pp. 16-17.
④Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.53.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, pp. 54-57.
②Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change, Routledge Publishers, New York, 2003. pp. 91-93. The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change
③James Davison Hunter, American Evangelicalism: Conservative Religion and the Quandary of Modernity, New Jersey, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984. pp. 39.
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 161-162.
②Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, p.69.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第56页。
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches,下载时间:2009,1,9。
②George M. Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, p.70.
③Ibid. pp.64-66.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第51-53页。
④George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 203.
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 145,148-149,154-155.
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuller_Theological_Seminary,下载时间:2008,11,5。
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 177-178.
②Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 177-178, 182.
①Hart, D. G., Reckoning with the Past, Historical Essays on American Evangelicalism from the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1995. pp. 355-360.
①Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998. pp.9,11,13,14.
①Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, pp.62-82.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第50-68页。
②George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, p. 8.
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Graham,下载时间:2009,2,6。
②http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E5%9F%B9%E7%90%86,下载时间:2009,2,7。
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire,下载时间:2009,2,10。
②George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, p. 825.
③http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R._Rice,下载时间:2008,1,4。
④http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_F._H._Henry,下载时间:2009,2,6。
①George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 78.
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_McIntire,下载时间:2008,11,10。
③http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_McIntire,下载时间:2009,1,30。
④George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 38.
⑤http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_E._Fuller,下载时间:2008,11,5。另见George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 15.
①George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 38.
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_John_Carnell,下载时间:2009,2,6。
①http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/GUIDES/192.htm,下载时间:2009,2,6。
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Ockenga,下载时间:2009,2,10。
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Falwell,下载时间:2009,2,13。
①小明:《有关创世的理解》,见:http://www.edzx.com/Article/Class12/djgw/200901/18131.html,下载时间:2009,2,10。
②Harold John Ockenga,“Can Fundamentalism Win Amrica?”, Christian Life And Times 2 (June, p.13.)
①Mcloughlin, G. William, Revivals, Awakening, and Reform: An Essay on Religion and Social Change in American, 1607-1977, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1978, p. 185.
②http://baike.baidu.com/view/62953.htm,下载时间:2009,1,28。另见刘绪贻、杨生茂:《美国通史》(6卷本),北京:人民出版社,2002年版,第107-112,141-146页。
①Yefim Galkine, A Brief History of American Fundamentalism, http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15。
②Yefim Galkine, A Brief History of American Fundamentalism, http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15。
③George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 84.
④Ibid. p. 154.
①George M. Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, p.73.
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_John_Carnell,下载时间:2008,11,5。
①Jon R. Stone, On the Boundaries of American Evangelicalism, The Postwar Evangelical Coalition, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997. pp. 10-11.
②George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, 13-15.
③Ibid. p. 825
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture,下载时间:2009,1,28。
②赵梅:《美国反文化运动探源》,《美国研究》,2000年,第1期,第70页。
③史晓玲:《美国六十年代反文化运动透视》,苏州大学历史系,2001年硕士毕业论文。
④瞿张婷:《浅论60年代美国反主流文化运动》,《中共福建省委党校学报》,2003年5月,第5期。
①李雯:《试论美国反主流文化运动的兴起及其原因》,《历史教学问题》,2003年,第6期,第36页。
②黄瑞玲:《浅议美国反文化运动》,《思想理论教育导刊》,2006年第3期,第63页。
③http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s,下载时间:2009,1,27。
④赵梅:《美国反文化运动探源》,《美国研究》,2000年,第1期,第70页。
⑤史晓玲:《美国六十年代反文化运动透视》,苏州大学历史系,2001年硕士毕业论文。
①黄瑞玲:《浅议美国反文化运动》,《思想理论教育导刊》,2006年第3期,第63页。
②刘绪贻、杨生茂:《美国通史》(6卷本),北京:人民出版社,2002年版,第306—351页。
③http://yonglee.blogbus.com/logs/22070550.html,下载时间:2009,1,27。
①史晓玲:《美国六十年代反文化运动透视》,苏州大学历史系,2001年硕士毕业论文。
②李雯:《美国青年反主流文化运动滥觞的原因》,《青年研究》,2002年第8期,第41页。
③Allitt, Patrick, Major Problems in American Religious History, Documents and Essays, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999. p p. 499-500.
①Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism British and American Millenarianism,1800-1930, p. xiii
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. 1991. pp. 30-31.
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 192.
①马斯登在Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism一书中说该会议时间为1967年,应为错。
②http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/GUIDES/014.htm#1,下载时间:2009,1,9。
③George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 19.另见卢龙光:《基督教圣经与神学词典》,第183页。
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, pp. 205-206.
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, pp. 187-190.
③Ernest R. Sandeen“Fundamentalism and American Identity”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 387, The Sixties: Radical Change in American Religion (Jan., 1970), p. 62
①George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, pp. 31,32,35,49.
②Allitt, Patrick, Major Problems in American Religious History, Documents and Essays, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999. p. 501.
①Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change, Routledge Publishers, New York, 2003. pp. 98-99.
②Ernest R. Sandeen“Fundamentalism and American Identity”, p. 57.
①Michael Cromartie, No longer Exiles, The Religious New Right in American Politics, Washington, D.C.: Ethics and Public Center, 1993. pp. 8-15.
②Allitt, Patrick, Major Problems in American Religious History, Documents and Essays, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999. p. 495.
①Michael Cromartie, No longer Exiles, The Religious New Right in American Politics, pp. 86-87.
②Samuel S. Hill and Dennis E. Owen, The New Religious Political Right in America, Tennessee: The Parthenon Press, 1973. p. 13.
③Ibid. pp. 25-26.
④Samuel S. Hill and Dennis E. Owen, The New Religious Political Right in America, pp. 54-88.
①Mcloughlin, G. William, Revivals, Awakening, and Reform: An Essay on Religion and Social Change in American, 1607-1977, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1978, pp. v, 179.
②Alan Schwartz, Ed., The Religious Right, Anti-Defamation League, New York, N.Y., 1994, p. 62.
③Jelen, T.G., Religion and Political Behavior in the United States,New York: Praeger Publishers, 1989. pp.143—147.转引自董小川:《20世纪美国宗教与政治》,人民出版社2002年版,第168页。
①George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, pp. 169-174.
②Allitt, Patrick, Major Problems in American Religious History, Documents and Essays, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999. p p. 501-502.
①George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, pp. 189,205,207.
②Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998. p.23.
①Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, p.34.
①Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, p.41.
①Yefim Galkine, A Brief History of American Fundamentalism, http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15
①Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998. p.64.
②Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change, Routledge Publishers, New York, 2003. pp. 102-103.
①Alan Schwartz, Ed., The Religious Right, Anti-Defamation League, New York, N.Y., 1994, p. 9.
②Alan Schwartz, Ed., The Religious Right, Anti-Defamation League, New York, N.Y., 1994, p. 12.
③Robert C. Liebman, Robert Wuthnow, The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation, New York: Aldine Publishing Company, 1983. pp. 113-114.
④Thaddeus Coreno,“Fundamentalism as a Class Culture”, Sociology of Religion, Vol. 63, No. 3 (Autumn, 2002), p. 336.
①张敏谦:《大觉醒——美国宗教与社会关系》,北京:时事出版社,2001年版,第7页。
②张敏谦:《大觉醒——美国宗教与社会关系》,第184页。
①同上,第218—221页。另见:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening,下载时间:2008,11,4。
②William G. Mcloughlin, Revivals, Awakening, and Reform: An Essay on Religion and Social Change in American, 1607-1977, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1978. p. 142-143.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.206-208.
①http://baike.baidu.com/view/437.htm,下载时间:2009,2,10。
②宋佳航:《英属北美马萨诸塞殖民地政教合一体制探析》,东北师范大学历史文化学院2008年毕业硕士论文,第14页。
③大众街(Main Street)是美国的一个政治名词,代表着广大下层群众和小私有者,与“华尔街(Wall Street)”相对应,也有翻译为“主流街”、“大街”、“百姓街”、“商业街”。华尔街通常代表美国上层金融阶级,大众街代表中下层阶级。这里的意思实际上是说那些宣布西方已经没落的哲学家们代表的是美国普通人的利益和观点,而不是政治精英的看法。见:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_street,下载时间:2009,2,10。
①George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, pp. 61-62.
②Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 238-239.
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, p. 4,
②Robert Muccigrosso, Basic History of American Conservatism, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, 2001. pp. 3-4.
③Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, p. 24.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 26.
②Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 50.
①Mcloughlin, G. William, Revivals, Awakening, and Reform: An Essay on Religion and Social Change in American, 1607-1977, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1978, pp. 98,104 ,141,187.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.113-119.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.207-208.
②Ibid. p p.206-211.
③Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, p. 14.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.8.
②George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.161.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.84.
②George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.209.
①Yefim Galkine, A Brief History of American Fundamentalism, http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15。
②George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 84.
①Ibid. p. 154.
②George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 74.
①Robert Muccigrosso, Basic History of American Conservatism, pp. 116-118.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.212-221.
②董小川:《美国文化概论》,北京:人民出版社,2006年版。
③董小川:《儒家文化与美国基督新教文化》,北京:商务印书馆,2002年版。
④董小川:《美国文化概论》,北京:人民出版社,2006年版,第77页。
①http://yonglee.blogbus.com/logs/22070550.html,下载时间:2009,1,27。
②董小川:《美国文化概论》,第141-143页。
③Thaddeus Coreno,“Fundamentalism as a Class Culture”, Sociology of Religion, Vol. 63, No. 3 (Autumn, 2002), p. 337.
④George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.201.
⑤Thaddeus Coreno,“Fundamentalism as a Class Culture”, p. 337.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.200.
②董小川:《美国文化概论》,第369-370页。
③Steve Bruce ,“Modernity and Fundamentalism: The New Christian Right in America”, The British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 41, No. 4 (Dec., 1990), p. 477.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.201-205,149.
②Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 4, 14,15.
③Thaddeus Coreno,“Fundamentalism as a Class Culture”, p. 345.
①Ibid. p. 346.
②George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.199.
③Thaddeus Coreno,“Fundamentalism as a Class Culture”, p. 355.
④Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, pp. 38-39.
⑤George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.195.
①Ibid. p.4.
②William M. Shea, The Struggle Over the Past, Fundamentalism in the Modern World,The Annual Publication of the College Theology Society, 1989. pp. 81-82.
③George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.141.
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, p. 66.
②Ernest R. Sandeen“Fundamentalism and American Identity”, p. 64
③Ted G. Jelen,“Religion and Political Behavior in the United States”, p. 95 .
④Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, p.3-4.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第5页。
①Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998. pp.7-8.
②http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15。
③Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, p. 57.
①George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, pp. 128-130.
②Yefim Galkine, A Brief History of American Fundamentalism, http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15。
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp.35-43.
②Dorothy A. Davis, Southern Baptist Historical Library and Archives, April 2008, Inventory to the Seventy-five Million Campaign Collection AR 129 http://www.sbhla.org/downloads/129.pdf,下载时间:2008,12,11。
③George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.15.
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, pp. 32-33.
①Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, pp. 145-147.
①Jon R. Stone, On the Boundaries of American Evangelicalism, The Postwar Evangelical Coalition, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997. pp. 71-77.
②Edward John Carnell, The Case for Orthodox, Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, pp. 113-114.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.180-183.
②Hart, D. G., Reckoning with the Past, Historical Essays on American Evangelicalism from the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1995. p. 320.
③George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.191.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.112.
②Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p.200.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.159-160.
①George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, pp. 156-157.
②George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 76.
③James Davison Hunter, American Evangelicalism: Conservative Religion and the Quandary of Modernity, New Jersey, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984. pp. 39.
④Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, p.67.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第53页。
①Hart, D. G., Reckoning with the Past, Historical Essays on American Evangelicalism from the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1995. p. 313.
②Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism British and American Millenarianism,1800-1930, p. xv
③George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.178-179.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, pp. 38-40.
①Yefim Galkine, A Brief History of American Fundamentalism, http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15。
②James Davison Hunter, American Evangelicalism: Conservative Religion and the Quandary of Modernity, 33-34
③Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.84.
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, p. 14.
①Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism British and American Millenarianism,1800-1930, p. xiv.
②Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, p. 15.
③George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 78.
①Ibid. p. 76.
②Jon R. Stone, On the Boundaries of American Evangelicalism, The Postwar Evangelical Coalition, p. 67.
①George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 10.
②Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.68.
③Edward John Carnell,“Post-Fundamentalist Faith”, The Christian Century, 76,(August 26, p. 971, 1959)
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Kuyper,下载时间:2009,1,13。
②George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, pp. 13-14.
①Robert C. Liebman, Robert Wuthnow, The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation, New York: Aldine Publishing Company, 1983. pp. 196-197.
①George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 75.
①George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, pp. 78-80.
②Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.116.
①Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, p. 8.
②John Hicks, The Political Subsistence of the Religious Right: Why the Christian Right Survives and Does Not Thrive, http://are.as.wvu.edu/lebeau1.htm,2008年3月20日下载。
①Martin E. Marty ,“Fundamentalism as a Social Phenomenon”, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2 (Nov., 1988), pp. 15-29.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870- 1925, pp.43,199-228.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870- 1925, pp.199-205.
[1] Dunn, C.W., American Political Theology, Historical Perspective and Theoretical Analysis, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1984.
[2] Gaustad, S. Edwin,A Documentary History of Religion in America to the Civil War, William B. Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1993.
[3] Gaustad, S. Edwin, A Documentary History of Religion in America to Since 1865, William B. Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1993.
[1] Allyn, C. Russell,Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1976.
[2]Carpenter, A. Joel, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
[3] Dollar, W. George, A History of Fundamentalism in America, Greenville: Bob Jones University Press, 1973.
[4] Dollar, W. George, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, Published by the author: Sarasota, Florida, 1983.
[5] David A. Rausch, Zionism Within Early American Fundamentalism, 1878-1918, A Convergence of Two Traditions, New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1979.
[6] Eisenstadt, S. N. Fundamentalism, Sectarianism, and Revolution, The Jacobin Dimension of Modernity, Cambridge: The Press syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1999.
[7] Lienesch, Michael,In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, Keystone Typesetting, Inc.: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
[8] Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, Michigan: Grand Rapids, 1991.
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[11] Sandeen, R. Ernest The Roots of Fundamentalism, British and American Millenarianism, 1800_1930, Michigan: Baker Book Press.1970.
[12] Neuhaus, Richard John, Piety and Politics : Evangelicals and Fundamentalists Confront the World, Washington, D.C. : Ethics and Public Policy Center ; Lanham, MD : Distributed by arrangement with University Press of America, 1987.
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[1] Ahlstrom, E. Sydney, A Religious History of American People, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972.
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[20] Liebman, R. and Wuthnow, R., The New Christian Right, New York: Aldine 1983.
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[1] Dobschuetz, Barbara Louise.“Fundamentalism and American urban culture: Community and religious identity in Dwight L. Moody's Chicago, 1864--1914 (Illinois)”. Ph.D.dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago.2002.
[2] Crownover, Carrie A.,“Faith development, religious fundamentalism, right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, Christian orthodoxy, and proscribed prejudice as predictors of prejudice”. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Oklahoma.;Department of Educational Psychology. 2007.
[3] Arun Ghosh ,“Fundamentalism, Its Roots, Rationale and Remedy”, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 31, No. 19 (May 11, 1996), pp. 1115-1116 , Published by: Economic and Political Weekly.
[4] Ernest R. Sandeen“Fundamentalism and American Identity”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 387, The Sixties: Radical Change in American Religion (Jan., 1970), pp. 56-65, Sage Publications, Inc. in association with the American Academy of Political and Social Science, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1036738.
[5] F. Maurice Ethridge and Joe R. Feagin,“Varieties of‘Fundamentalism’: A Conceptual andEmpirical Analysis of Two Protestant Denominations”, The Sociological Quarterly, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Winter, 1979), pp. 37-48 , Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the Midwest Sociological Society.
[6] Frank J. Lechner“Fundamentalism and Sociocultural Revitalization in America: A Sociological Interpretation”, Sociological Analysis, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Autumn, 1985), pp.243-259, Published by Association for the sociology of Religion, Inc.
[7] Gerald S. Mathisen and James A. Mathisen,“The New Fundamentalism: A Sociorhetorical Approach to Understanding Theological Change”, Review of Religious Research, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Sep., 1988), pp. 18-32 , Published by: Religious Research Association, Inc.
[8] Martin E. Marty,“Explaining the Rise of Fundamentalism”, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 46, No. 5 (Feb., 1993), pp. 5-9 , Published by: American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
[9] Martin E. Marty ,“Fundamentalism as a Social Phenomenon”, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2 (Nov., 1988), pp. 15-29 , Published by: American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
[10] R. Scott Appleby and Martin E. Marty,“Fundamentalism”, Foreign Policy, No. 128 (Jan. - Feb., 2002), pp. 16-18+20-22 , Published by: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace of 16-18+20-22.
[11] Steve Bruce ,“Modernity and Fundamentalism: The New Christian Right in America”, The British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 41, No. 4 (Dec., 1990), pp. 477-496 , Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of The London School of Economics and Political Science.
[12] Thaddeus Coreno,“Fundamentalism as a Class Culture”, Sociology of Religion, Vol. 63, No. 3 (Autumn, 2002), pp. 335-360, Published by: Association for the Sociology of Religion, Inc.
[13] Chris Hedges, The Christian Right and the Rise of American Fascism http://www. hirdworldtraveler.com/Fascism/ChristianRight_AmerFascism.html,2008年2月8日下载。
[14] The New Religious Right http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/ opinion/editorials/stories/DN-evangelicals_31edi.ART.State.Edition1.4211917.html ,2008年2月8日下载.
[15] Jonathan Mozzochi, Gillian Leichtling & Steven Gardiner,The New Right and the Christian Right http://www.qrd.org/QRD/www/FTR/newright.html,2008年2月8日下载.
[16] The Old South and the New Religious Right http: // www. sullivan- county. Com /nf0/ fundienazis/ right_south.htm,2008年2月8日下载.
[17] Anson Shupe,The Reconstructionist Movement on the New Christian Right http:// www. religion- online.org/showarticle.asp?title=234,2008年2月8日下载.
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[1]张惠玲:《当代美国政治中的新基督教右翼运动》,华东师范大学国际关系与地区发展研究院,2007年博士毕业论文。
[2]张媛:《从清教徒到扬基——新英格兰清教社会的世俗化过程》,南京师范大学英语语言文学系2007年博士毕业论文。
[3]董江阳:《现代基督教福音派思想研究》,中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所,2002年博士毕业论文。
[4]赵巍:《早期殖民地时代北美清教主义问题再探讨》,东北师范大学历史文化学院2002年硕士毕业论文。
[5]章志平:《新基督教右翼与当代美国政治》,解放军外国语学院,2003年硕士毕业论文。
[6]夏黎静:《新基督教右翼与美国外交政策》,外交学院,2006年硕士毕业论文。
[7]白丰绩:《20世纪70年代以来美国新基督教右翼运动》,东北师范大学历史文化学院,2003年硕士毕业论文。
[8]史晓玲:《美国六十年代反文化运动透视》,苏州大学历史系,2001年硕士毕业论文。
[9]宋佳航:《英属北美马萨诸塞殖民地政教合一体制探析》,东北师范大学历史文化学院2008年硕士毕业论文。
[10]张孟媛:《关于美国民主的清教渊源》,《世界历史》2007年,第6期。
[11]李芳:《从1992年美国总统大选看基督教新右派的影响》,《世界宗教研究》1994年,第1期。
[12]葛丽英:《基督教新右派运动兴起的主要动因》,《宗教学研究》,2000年,第4期。
[13]顾然:《六七十年代美国的新右派运动初探》,《历史教学》,2002年,第9期。
[14]梅嘉:《美国宗教右翼的崛起及其影响》,《当代世界》,1995年第10期。
[15]何涛:《美国宗教右翼势力简介》,《国际资料信息》,2006年第5期。
[16]钟文范:《七八十年代美国宗教新右派运动》,《武汉大学学报》1997年第3期。
[17]徐薇薇、胡祥云:《试论新保守派与基督教右翼的联盟及其主导下的美国中东战略》,《国际关系学院学报》,2006年第6期。
[18]刘澎:《宗教右翼与美国政治》,《美国研究》,1997年第4期。
[19]王恩铭:《试论美国新宗教右翼》,《世界历史》,2007年第6期。
[20]黄鹂论:《美国六十年代嬉皮士运动的意义》,《安徽文学》2007年第1期。
[21]袁日华、孙秋云:《美国青年反文化运动探析》,《中国青年研究》,2005年,第5期。
[22]黄瑞玲:浅议美国反文化运动》,《思想理论教育导刊》,2006年第3期。
[23]赵梅:《美国反文化运动探源》,《美国研究》,2000年,第1期。
[24]李雯:《美国青年反主流文化运动滥觞的原因》,《青年研究》,2002年第8期。
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[26]瞿张婷:《浅论60年代美国反主流文化运动》,《中共福建省委党校学报》,2003年5月,第5期。
[27]钟玲:《嬉皮士———传统文化的反叛者》,《宜宾学院学报》,2005年,第7期。
[1] http://www.qrd.org/QRD/www/FTR/newright.html
[2] http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=234
[3] http://www.christianitydaily.com/template/articleenn.htm
[4] http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas-religious-right
[5] http://www.theocracywatch.org/chris_hedges_nov24_04.htm
[6] http://www.americablog.com/2005/04/microsoft-paying-religious-right
[7] http://www.thenation.com/doc/20060814/new_christian_zionism
[8] http://www.americasfuture.org/events-archive/archives/
[9] http://news.sina.com.cn/c/cul/2007-06-12/171013212773.shtml
[10]http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml
[11]http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Fundamentalist_Christianity_-_Brief_history/
[12]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentalist_Christianity
[13]http://www.ukapologetics.net/evangelicalism.html
[14]http://lexicorient.com/e.o/fundamen.html
[15]http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/GUIDES/014.htm#1
[16]http://yonglee.blogbus.com/logs/22070550.html
①葛丽英:《基督教新右派兴起的主要动因》,《宗教学研究》2000年第4期,第127页。
②刘澎:《宗教右翼与美国政治》,见《美国研究》1997年第4期,第33页。
③徐薇薇,胡祥云:《试论新保守派与基督教右翼的联盟及其主导下的美国中东战略》《国际关系学院学报》,2006年第6期,第4页。
④徐薇薇,胡祥云:《试论新保守派与基督教右翼的联盟及其主导下的美国中东战略》《国际关系学院学报》,2006年第6期,第4页。
①基督教词典编写组《基督教词典》,北京:北京语言学院出版社1994年版,第730页。
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, New York: Oxford University Press, 1980. pp.118-119.
①梅嘉:《美国宗教右翼的崛起及其影响》,载《当代世界》1995年第10期,第32页.
②李力,曾强:《美国的基督教原教旨主义与教育》,载《国际资料信息》,2005年第10期
③George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p. 117.另见:George M. Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1987. pp. 56-57.
④Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change, Routledge Publishers, New York, 2003. pp. 98-99.
⑤David Cloud,http://www.fundamentalbook.com/booklet12.htm,下载时间:2008,11,10。
①The Encyclopedia Americana, International edition, Grolier Inc.: 1985. p.164,
②The New Encyclop?dia Britannica, Volume 5, Chicago: 1993, pp. 51-53,
③http://lexicorient.com/e.o/fundamen.htm,下载时间:2008,12,16。
④陈泽民:《中国大百科全书·宗教卷》,北京:1988年版,第191页。
①卢龙光:《基督教圣经与神学词典》,北京:宗教文化出版社,2007年版,第174页。
②基督教词典编写组《基督教词典》,第235页。
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. pp. 4, 14,15.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p. 200.
②James Davison Hunter, American Evangelicalism: Conservative Religion and the Quandary of Modernity, New Jersey, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984. pp. 33-34.
③Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007. p. 60.
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. 1991. p. 24.
②George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, Published by the author,:Sarasota, Florida, 1983. p. 2
③John Hicks, The Political Subsistence of the Religious Right: Why the Christian Right Survives and Does Not Thrive), http://are.as.wvu.edu/lebeau1.htm,下载时间:2008,3,20。
①Martin E. Marty, Modern American Religion Volume II The Noise of Conflict 1919-1941, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1991. pp.174-184.
②Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change, Routledge Publishers, New York, 2003. pp.98-103.
①Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change, pp. 303-304.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.195.
③Ibid. p.149.
④George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.43.
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. 1991. p. 22.
②Ibid. p. 22.
③George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.199-228.
④George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp. 43-44.
①Mark A. Noll , American Evangelical Christianity, An Introduction, Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2001.p. 13.
②《基督教词典》编写组:《基督教词典》,第162-163页。
③王恩铭:《试论美国新宗教右翼》,《世界历史》2007年第6期,第85页。
①James Davison Hunter, American Evangelicalism: Conservative Religion and the Quandary of Modernity, New Jersey, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984. pp. 7, 145(notes,5).
②Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, Michigan: Grand Rapids, 1991. p.4-5.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,宋继杰译,北京:中央编译出版社,2005年版,第4页。
③Gallup,George, Jr., Religion in America, Princeton N. J. : Princeton Religion Research Center,1982, p.31.
④Timothy L. Smith,“The Evangelical Kaleidoscope and the Call to Unity”, Christian Scholar’s Review 15 2,1986, p.128.
⑤Ted G. Jelen, Religion and Political Behavior in the United States, Praeger Publisher, New York, 1989, pp.6-7.
①James Davison Hunter, American Evangelicalism: Conservative Religion and the Quandary of Modernity, New Jersey, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984. pp. 23-24.
②http://www.8ttt8.com/wenhua/w21788.htm,下载时间:2009,2,16。
③Rorbert Wuthnow , The Political Rebirth of American Evangelicals, in R. Liebman and R.Wuthnow, The New Christian Right, New York:Aldine Publisher, 1983, p.172.转引自董小川《20世纪美国宗教与政治》,北京:人民出版社2002年版,第171—173页。
①Ted G. Jelen, Religion and Political Behavior in the United States, p.244,转引自董小川《20世纪美国宗教与政治》。
②Ibid. p. 248. ,转引自董小川《20世纪美国宗教与政治》。
③Ted G. Jelen,“Religion and Political Behavior in the United States”, p.244,转引自董小川《20世纪美国宗教与政治》
④Mark A. Noll , American Evangelical Christianity, An Introduction, Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2001.p. 12.
①Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change, New York: Routledge Publishers, pp. 94-95.
②Patrick Allitt, Major Problems in American Religious History, Documents and Essays, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999. p. 496.
③Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, , The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change,Routledge Publishers, New York, 2003. pp. 94-95
①Hunter,James D., The Evangelical Worldview Since 1890, In Richard John Neuhaus and Michael Cromartie, Piety and Politics, Washington D.C.: Ethics and Public Police Center 1987, p.43.
②Ted G. Jelen, Religion and Political Behavior in the United States, , 1989, p.68.
③Allitt, Patrick, Major Problems in American Religious History, Documents and Essays, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999. p. 497.
④D. G. Hart, Reckoning with the Past, Historical Essays on American Evangelicalism from the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1995. p.234.
①董小川:《20世纪美国宗教与政治》,北京:人民出版社, 2002年版,第167页。
①董小川:《20世纪美国宗教与政治》,北京:人民出版社, 2002年版,第167页。
①John Hicks, The Political Subsistence of the Religious Right: Why the Christian Right Survives and Does Not Thrive, http://are.as.wvu.edu/lebeau1.htm,下载时间:2008,3,20。
①R·G·哈切森:《白宫中的上帝》。北京·中国社会科学出版社, 1992年版,第196—198页。
②王恩铭:《试论美国新宗教右翼》,《世界历史》2007年第6期,第82页。
③Robert Wuthnow,The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation, Aldine Publishing Company, New York, 1983. pp. 229-231.
④刘澎:《宗教右翼与美国政治》,载《美国研究》1997年第4期,第33页。
①钟文范:《七八十年代美国宗教新右派运动》武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版) 1997年第3期(总第230期),第96-99页。
②何涛:《美国宗教右翼势力简介》《国际资料信息》2006年第5期,第13页。
①顾然:《六七十年代美国的新右派运动初探》《历史教学》2002年,第9期,第37页。
②葛丽英:《宗教学研究》2000年第4期,第127页。
③李芳:《从1992年美国总统大选看基督教新右派的影响》,《世界宗教研究》1994年第1期,注释1。
④杨巧燕、张书元:《20世纪七八十年代宗教新右翼与美国政治》,《新西部》2007.22期,第107页。
⑤梅嘉:《美国宗教右翼的崛起及其影响》,载《当代世界》1995年第10期,第32页。
①郭亚玲:《美国福音派社会意识的复醒》,《国际论坛》2006年第2期,第73-74页。
②Ted G. Jelen, Religion and Political Behavior in the United States, Praeger Publisher, New York, 1989, pp. 243-245.
①宋继杰:《认识美国基要主义与福音派》,中央编译出版社,2005年版。
②王恩铭:《试论美国新宗教右翼》,《世界历史》,2007年第6期。
③James Davison Hunter, American Evangelicalism: Conservative Religion and the Quandary of Modernity, New Jersey, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984. pp. 7, 145(notes,5).
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007. p. 24.
②Ibid. p. 10.
③Ibid. pp. 16-36.
④Robert Wuthnow,The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation, Aldine Publishing Company, New York, 1983. pp.2-5.
①Robert Wuthnow,The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation, New York:Aldine Publishing Company, 1983. pp.13-30.
②Julia Mitchell Corbett, Religion in America, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 1997, p. 19.
③刘澎:《宗教右翼与美国政治》,见《美国研究》1997年第4期,第34页
①Robert Wuthnow,The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation, p.167.
②董小川:《20世纪美国宗教与政治》,人民出版社2002年版,第166-174页。
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, New York: Oxford University Press, 1980. p.46.
②[美]丹尼尔·J·布尔斯廷:《美国人殖民地历程》,谢延光等译,上海:上海译文出版社,1993年版,第5页。
③Frank J. Lechner,“Fundamentalism and Sociocultural Revitalization in America: A Sociological Interpretation”Sociological Analysis, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Autumn, 1985), p.247.
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. 1991. p. 6.
②宋佳航:《英属北美马萨诸塞殖民地政教合一体制探析》,2008年12月硕士论文,第20—21页。
③D. G. Hart, Reckoning with the Past, Historical Essays on American Evangelicalism from the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1995. p. 24.
④D. G. Hart, Reckoning with the Past, Historical Essays on American Evangelicalism from the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, pp. 24,26,28.
①张媛:《从清教徒到扬基——新英格兰清教社会的世俗化过程》,南京师范大学英语语言文学系2007年博士毕业论文,第1—15,52页。
②张孟媛:《关于美国民主的清教渊源》,《世界历史》2007年,第6期,第73页。
③D. G. Hart, Reckoning with the Past, Historical Essays on American Evangelicalism from the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, pp. 39,49.
④Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism British and American Millenarianism,1800-1930, Michigan: Baker Book House Company,1978. p. xiv.
①Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, p.2.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第2页。
①基督教词典编写组:《基督教词典》,第386—387页。
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amillennialism,下载时间:2008,12,30。
③台湾殷保罗著《慕迪神学手册》http://www.pcchong.com/mydictionary/Eschatology/Postmillennialism.htm,下载时间: 2008,11,9。
④http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennialism,下载时间:2008,11,9。
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. 1991. pp. 6,7.
②Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism British and American Millenarianism,1800-1930, p. 4.
①Ibid. p.42.
②Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism British and American Millenarianism,1800-1930, p. 95.
③George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp. 49-51, 146-156.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.27.
②Ernest R. Sandeen“Fundamentalism and American Identity”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 387, The Sixties: Radical Change in American Religion (Jan., 1970), pp. 58-59.
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, 1991. p. 7.
②Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, p. 7.
③http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispensationalism,下载时间:2008,12,31。
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, pp. 11,15.
②Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, pp.39-41.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第30-32页。George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, New York: Oxford University Press, 1980. pp. 47, 55.
③George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, 1987. p. 5.
④http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiness_movement,下载时间:2008,12,31。
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism:1870- 1925,p.86.
②Ibid. p. 87.
③http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossolalia,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival,下载时间:2009,1,14。
④George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.94.
①Mark A. Noll , American Evangelical Christianity, An Introduction, Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2001.p. 87.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.107, 118-119.另见http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentalism,下载时间:2009,1,2。
③Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, Michigan: Grand Rapids, 1991. pp.56-57.
④Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1976. p.198.
①Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, pp.56-57.
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_E._Fuller,下载时间:2009,1,10。
③George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, Greenville: Bob Jones University Press, 1973. pp. 112-143.
④Ernest R. Sandeen“Fundamentalism and American Identity”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 387, The Sixties: Radical Change in American Religion (Jan., 1970), p. 59
⑤Ernest R. Sandeen“Fundamentalism and American Identity”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, p. 60
⑥George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 150.
①Frank J. Lechner Fundamentalism and Sociocultural Revitalization in America: A Sociological Interpretation Sociological Analysis, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Autumn, 1985), p.247.
②Alan Heimert, Religion and the American Mind: From the Great Awakening to the Revolution, Mass.: Cambridge Press, 1966, p. vii
③George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.46.
①Ibid. p.102.
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, pp. 27-28.另见:http:// en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ Niagara_ Bible_Conference,下载时间:2009,1,2。
①Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism British and American Millenarianism,1800-1930, pp. 273-277.
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_Bible_Conference,下载时间:2009,1,2。
③https://webspace.utexas.edu/cokerwr/www/slides/creation/creation.shtml,下载时间:2009,1,25。另见卢龙光:《基督教圣经与神学词典》,第174页。基督教词典编写组《基督教词典》,第235页。
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_L._Moody,下载时间:2009,1,15。
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 77.
③George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870- 1925, pp.33-37.
①Yefim Galkine, A Brief History of American Fundamentalism, http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15。
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, pp. 19-24.
①Ibid. pp. 28-29.
②George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, 1987. pp. 4-5.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.93.
②George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, Published by the author,:Sarasota, Florida, 1983. pp. 1-11.
①George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, pp. 1-2.
①George M. Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, Michigan: Grand Rapids, 1991. pp.56-57.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870- 1925, pp.107, 118-119.另见http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentalism,下载时间:2009,1,2。
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.118-120.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.146.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.149-153.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.166.
①George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 161.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.31.
①George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, pp. 148-158.
②Ibid. pp. 159-161.
③George M. Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, Michigan: Grand Rapids, 1991. pp.56-57.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第45-46页。
④George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 150.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007. pp. 59-60.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.169.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.60.
②Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.61.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870- 1925, p.31.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp. 22-25.另见http:// en. wikipedia.org/ wiki/ J._ Frank_Norris,下载时间:2008,12,15。
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, pp. 122,130.
③Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 50.
④George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 135.另见:Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 51.
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bell_Riley,下载时间:2008,11,28。
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, pp. 114-117.
③Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 83.
④Ibid. p.132.
⑤http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._C._Massee,下载时间:2008,11,29
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.135,140.
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Gresham_Machen,下载时间:2009,1,21。
③Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.142,144-145.
④Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, pp. 182-183.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第159-160页。
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan,下载时间: 2008,11,29。
②Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p.198.
③George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 106.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.84-86,90-91,93,95.
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, pp. 119-120.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.198-201.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp. 54-55,57-58,60,64.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 85.
②Mark A. Noll , American Evangelical Christianity, An Introduction, Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2001.pp. 88-89.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 57.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 86.
②Ibid. pp. 25-26.
①George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, Published by the author,:Sarasota, Florida, 1983. pp. 5-7.
①http://www.dahe.cn/wenhua/shgc/t20070428_950001.htm,下载时间:2008,11,3。
②白丰绩硕士毕业论文:《20世纪70年代以来美国新基督教右翼运动》,2003年7月。
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007. p. 173.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.189.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.212.
②Larry O'Dell,Anti-Evolution Movement http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/A/AN011.html,下载时间:2009,1,21。
③http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Evolution_League_of_America,下载时间:2009,1,21。另见:George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 162.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.70.
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dewey,下载时间:2009,1,16。
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.212-214.
③Jon R. Stone, On the Boundaries of American Evangelicalism, The Postwar Evangelical Coalition, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997. p. 65.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, pp. 71-78.
②Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. p. 37.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.122-123.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.184-185.
②Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.90.
①Ibid. pp. 38-39.
②http://news.sina.com.cn/c/cul/2007-06-12/171013212773.shtml,下载时间:2008,11,4。
③Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, p. 16.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.160.
②Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 16-17.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.52.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.164-165.
③George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 4.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.47.
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 126-129.
②Ibid. pp. 22-26.
③Mark A. Noll , American Evangelical Christianity, An Introduction, pp. 16-17.
④Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.53.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, pp. 54-57.
②Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change, Routledge Publishers, New York, 2003. pp. 91-93. The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change
③James Davison Hunter, American Evangelicalism: Conservative Religion and the Quandary of Modernity, New Jersey, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984. pp. 39.
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 161-162.
②Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, p.69.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第56页。
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches,下载时间:2009,1,9。
②George M. Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, p.70.
③Ibid. pp.64-66.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第51-53页。
④George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 203.
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 145,148-149,154-155.
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuller_Theological_Seminary,下载时间:2008,11,5。
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 177-178.
②Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 177-178, 182.
①Hart, D. G., Reckoning with the Past, Historical Essays on American Evangelicalism from the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1995. pp. 355-360.
①Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998. pp.9,11,13,14.
①Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, pp.62-82.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第50-68页。
②George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, p. 8.
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Graham,下载时间:2009,2,6。
②http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E5%9F%B9%E7%90%86,下载时间:2009,2,7。
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire,下载时间:2009,2,10。
②George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, p. 825.
③http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R._Rice,下载时间:2008,1,4。
④http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_F._H._Henry,下载时间:2009,2,6。
①George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 78.
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_McIntire,下载时间:2008,11,10。
③http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_McIntire,下载时间:2009,1,30。
④George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 38.
⑤http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_E._Fuller,下载时间:2008,11,5。另见George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 15.
①George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 38.
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_John_Carnell,下载时间:2009,2,6。
①http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/GUIDES/192.htm,下载时间:2009,2,6。
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Ockenga,下载时间:2009,2,10。
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Falwell,下载时间:2009,2,13。
①小明:《有关创世的理解》,见:http://www.edzx.com/Article/Class12/djgw/200901/18131.html,下载时间:2009,2,10。
②Harold John Ockenga,“Can Fundamentalism Win Amrica?”, Christian Life And Times 2 (June, p.13.)
①Mcloughlin, G. William, Revivals, Awakening, and Reform: An Essay on Religion and Social Change in American, 1607-1977, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1978, p. 185.
②http://baike.baidu.com/view/62953.htm,下载时间:2009,1,28。另见刘绪贻、杨生茂:《美国通史》(6卷本),北京:人民出版社,2002年版,第107-112,141-146页。
①Yefim Galkine, A Brief History of American Fundamentalism, http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15。
②Yefim Galkine, A Brief History of American Fundamentalism, http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15。
③George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 84.
④Ibid. p. 154.
①George M. Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, p.73.
②http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_John_Carnell,下载时间:2008,11,5。
①Jon R. Stone, On the Boundaries of American Evangelicalism, The Postwar Evangelical Coalition, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997. pp. 10-11.
②George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, 13-15.
③Ibid. p. 825
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture,下载时间:2009,1,28。
②赵梅:《美国反文化运动探源》,《美国研究》,2000年,第1期,第70页。
③史晓玲:《美国六十年代反文化运动透视》,苏州大学历史系,2001年硕士毕业论文。
④瞿张婷:《浅论60年代美国反主流文化运动》,《中共福建省委党校学报》,2003年5月,第5期。
①李雯:《试论美国反主流文化运动的兴起及其原因》,《历史教学问题》,2003年,第6期,第36页。
②黄瑞玲:《浅议美国反文化运动》,《思想理论教育导刊》,2006年第3期,第63页。
③http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s,下载时间:2009,1,27。
④赵梅:《美国反文化运动探源》,《美国研究》,2000年,第1期,第70页。
⑤史晓玲:《美国六十年代反文化运动透视》,苏州大学历史系,2001年硕士毕业论文。
①黄瑞玲:《浅议美国反文化运动》,《思想理论教育导刊》,2006年第3期,第63页。
②刘绪贻、杨生茂:《美国通史》(6卷本),北京:人民出版社,2002年版,第306—351页。
③http://yonglee.blogbus.com/logs/22070550.html,下载时间:2009,1,27。
①史晓玲:《美国六十年代反文化运动透视》,苏州大学历史系,2001年硕士毕业论文。
②李雯:《美国青年反主流文化运动滥觞的原因》,《青年研究》,2002年第8期,第41页。
③Allitt, Patrick, Major Problems in American Religious History, Documents and Essays, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999. p p. 499-500.
①Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism British and American Millenarianism,1800-1930, p. xiii
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. 1991. pp. 30-31.
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 192.
①马斯登在Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism一书中说该会议时间为1967年,应为错。
②http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/GUIDES/014.htm#1,下载时间:2009,1,9。
③George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, p. 19.另见卢龙光:《基督教圣经与神学词典》,第183页。
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, pp. 205-206.
②George W. Dollar, , A History of Fundamentalism in America, pp. 187-190.
③Ernest R. Sandeen“Fundamentalism and American Identity”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 387, The Sixties: Radical Change in American Religion (Jan., 1970), p. 62
①George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, pp. 31,32,35,49.
②Allitt, Patrick, Major Problems in American Religious History, Documents and Essays, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999. p. 501.
①Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change, Routledge Publishers, New York, 2003. pp. 98-99.
②Ernest R. Sandeen“Fundamentalism and American Identity”, p. 57.
①Michael Cromartie, No longer Exiles, The Religious New Right in American Politics, Washington, D.C.: Ethics and Public Center, 1993. pp. 8-15.
②Allitt, Patrick, Major Problems in American Religious History, Documents and Essays, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999. p. 495.
①Michael Cromartie, No longer Exiles, The Religious New Right in American Politics, pp. 86-87.
②Samuel S. Hill and Dennis E. Owen, The New Religious Political Right in America, Tennessee: The Parthenon Press, 1973. p. 13.
③Ibid. pp. 25-26.
④Samuel S. Hill and Dennis E. Owen, The New Religious Political Right in America, pp. 54-88.
①Mcloughlin, G. William, Revivals, Awakening, and Reform: An Essay on Religion and Social Change in American, 1607-1977, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1978, pp. v, 179.
②Alan Schwartz, Ed., The Religious Right, Anti-Defamation League, New York, N.Y., 1994, p. 62.
③Jelen, T.G., Religion and Political Behavior in the United States,New York: Praeger Publishers, 1989. pp.143—147.转引自董小川:《20世纪美国宗教与政治》,人民出版社2002年版,第168页。
①George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, pp. 169-174.
②Allitt, Patrick, Major Problems in American Religious History, Documents and Essays, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999. p p. 501-502.
①George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, pp. 189,205,207.
②Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998. p.23.
①Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, p.34.
①Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, p.41.
①Yefim Galkine, A Brief History of American Fundamentalism, http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15
①Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998. p.64.
②Gerrie Terhaar and James J. Busuttil, The Freedom to Do God’s Will, Religious Fundamentalism and Social Change, Routledge Publishers, New York, 2003. pp. 102-103.
①Alan Schwartz, Ed., The Religious Right, Anti-Defamation League, New York, N.Y., 1994, p. 9.
②Alan Schwartz, Ed., The Religious Right, Anti-Defamation League, New York, N.Y., 1994, p. 12.
③Robert C. Liebman, Robert Wuthnow, The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation, New York: Aldine Publishing Company, 1983. pp. 113-114.
④Thaddeus Coreno,“Fundamentalism as a Class Culture”, Sociology of Religion, Vol. 63, No. 3 (Autumn, 2002), p. 336.
①张敏谦:《大觉醒——美国宗教与社会关系》,北京:时事出版社,2001年版,第7页。
②张敏谦:《大觉醒——美国宗教与社会关系》,第184页。
①同上,第218—221页。另见:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening,下载时间:2008,11,4。
②William G. Mcloughlin, Revivals, Awakening, and Reform: An Essay on Religion and Social Change in American, 1607-1977, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1978. p. 142-143.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.206-208.
①http://baike.baidu.com/view/437.htm,下载时间:2009,2,10。
②宋佳航:《英属北美马萨诸塞殖民地政教合一体制探析》,东北师范大学历史文化学院2008年毕业硕士论文,第14页。
③大众街(Main Street)是美国的一个政治名词,代表着广大下层群众和小私有者,与“华尔街(Wall Street)”相对应,也有翻译为“主流街”、“大街”、“百姓街”、“商业街”。华尔街通常代表美国上层金融阶级,大众街代表中下层阶级。这里的意思实际上是说那些宣布西方已经没落的哲学家们代表的是美国普通人的利益和观点,而不是政治精英的看法。见:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_street,下载时间:2009,2,10。
①George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, pp. 61-62.
②Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 238-239.
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, p. 4,
②Robert Muccigrosso, Basic History of American Conservatism, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, 2001. pp. 3-4.
③Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, p. 24.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 26.
②Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p. 50.
①Mcloughlin, G. William, Revivals, Awakening, and Reform: An Essay on Religion and Social Change in American, 1607-1977, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1978, pp. 98,104 ,141,187.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.113-119.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.207-208.
②Ibid. p p.206-211.
③Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, p. 14.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.8.
②George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.161.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.84.
②George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.209.
①Yefim Galkine, A Brief History of American Fundamentalism, http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15。
②George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 84.
①Ibid. p. 154.
②George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 74.
①Robert Muccigrosso, Basic History of American Conservatism, pp. 116-118.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.212-221.
②董小川:《美国文化概论》,北京:人民出版社,2006年版。
③董小川:《儒家文化与美国基督新教文化》,北京:商务印书馆,2002年版。
④董小川:《美国文化概论》,北京:人民出版社,2006年版,第77页。
①http://yonglee.blogbus.com/logs/22070550.html,下载时间:2009,1,27。
②董小川:《美国文化概论》,第141-143页。
③Thaddeus Coreno,“Fundamentalism as a Class Culture”, Sociology of Religion, Vol. 63, No. 3 (Autumn, 2002), p. 337.
④George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.201.
⑤Thaddeus Coreno,“Fundamentalism as a Class Culture”, p. 337.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.200.
②董小川:《美国文化概论》,第369-370页。
③Steve Bruce ,“Modernity and Fundamentalism: The New Christian Right in America”, The British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 41, No. 4 (Dec., 1990), p. 477.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.201-205,149.
②Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp. 4, 14,15.
③Thaddeus Coreno,“Fundamentalism as a Class Culture”, p. 345.
①Ibid. p. 346.
②George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.199.
③Thaddeus Coreno,“Fundamentalism as a Class Culture”, p. 355.
④Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, pp. 38-39.
⑤George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.195.
①Ibid. p.4.
②William M. Shea, The Struggle Over the Past, Fundamentalism in the Modern World,The Annual Publication of the College Theology Society, 1989. pp. 81-82.
③George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.141.
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, p. 66.
②Ernest R. Sandeen“Fundamentalism and American Identity”, p. 64
③Ted G. Jelen,“Religion and Political Behavior in the United States”, p. 95 .
④Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, p.3-4.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第5页。
①Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998. pp.7-8.
②http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15。
③Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, p. 57.
①George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, pp. 128-130.
②Yefim Galkine, A Brief History of American Fundamentalism, http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15。
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, pp.35-43.
②Dorothy A. Davis, Southern Baptist Historical Library and Archives, April 2008, Inventory to the Seventy-five Million Campaign Collection AR 129 http://www.sbhla.org/downloads/129.pdf,下载时间:2008,12,11。
③George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.15.
①Donald W. Dayton and Robert K. Johnston, The Variety of American Evangelicalism, pp. 32-33.
①Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, pp. 145-147.
①Jon R. Stone, On the Boundaries of American Evangelicalism, The Postwar Evangelical Coalition, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997. pp. 71-77.
②Edward John Carnell, The Case for Orthodox, Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, pp. 113-114.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.180-183.
②Hart, D. G., Reckoning with the Past, Historical Essays on American Evangelicalism from the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1995. p. 320.
③George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, p.191.
①Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, pp.112.
②Russell C. Allyn, Voices of American Fundamentalism, Seven Biographical Studies, p.200.
①George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.159-160.
①George W. Dollar, The Fight for Fundamentalism, American Fundamentalism, 1873-1983, pp. 156-157.
②George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 76.
③James Davison Hunter, American Evangelicalism: Conservative Religion and the Quandary of Modernity, New Jersey, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984. pp. 39.
④Marsden, M. George. Understanding Fundamentalism & Evangelicalism, p.67.另见该书中文译本《认识美国基要派与福音派》,第53页。
①Hart, D. G., Reckoning with the Past, Historical Essays on American Evangelicalism from the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1995. p. 313.
②Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism British and American Millenarianism,1800-1930, p. xv
③George M. Marsden Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870-1925, pp.178-179.
①Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, pp. 38-40.
①Yefim Galkine, A Brief History of American Fundamentalism, http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml,下载时间:2008,12,15。
②James Davison Hunter, American Evangelicalism: Conservative Religion and the Quandary of Modernity, 33-34
③Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.84.
①Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, p. 14.
①Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism British and American Millenarianism,1800-1930, p. xiv.
②Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again, The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism, p. 15.
③George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 78.
①Ibid. p. 76.
②Jon R. Stone, On the Boundaries of American Evangelicalism, The Postwar Evangelical Coalition, p. 67.
①George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 10.
②Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.68.
③Edward John Carnell,“Post-Fundamentalist Faith”, The Christian Century, 76,(August 26, p. 971, 1959)
①http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Kuyper,下载时间:2009,1,13。
②George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, pp. 13-14.
①Robert C. Liebman, Robert Wuthnow, The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation, New York: Aldine Publishing Company, 1983. pp. 196-197.
①George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, p. 75.
①George M·Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism,Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism, pp. 78-80.
②Michael Lienesch, In the Beginning, Fundamentalism, the Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, p.116.
①Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism, Embattled and Thriving, p. 8.
②John Hicks, The Political Subsistence of the Religious Right: Why the Christian Right Survives and Does Not Thrive, http://are.as.wvu.edu/lebeau1.htm,2008年3月20日下载。
①Martin E. Marty ,“Fundamentalism as a Social Phenomenon”, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2 (Nov., 1988), pp. 15-29.
②George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870- 1925, pp.43,199-228.
①George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, The Shaping of Twentieth-century Evangelicalism: 1870- 1925, pp.199-205.
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[1] Dobschuetz, Barbara Louise.“Fundamentalism and American urban culture: Community and religious identity in Dwight L. Moody's Chicago, 1864--1914 (Illinois)”. Ph.D.dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago.2002.
[2] Crownover, Carrie A.,“Faith development, religious fundamentalism, right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, Christian orthodoxy, and proscribed prejudice as predictors of prejudice”. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Oklahoma.;Department of Educational Psychology. 2007.
[3] Arun Ghosh ,“Fundamentalism, Its Roots, Rationale and Remedy”, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 31, No. 19 (May 11, 1996), pp. 1115-1116 , Published by: Economic and Political Weekly.
[4] Ernest R. Sandeen“Fundamentalism and American Identity”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 387, The Sixties: Radical Change in American Religion (Jan., 1970), pp. 56-65, Sage Publications, Inc. in association with the American Academy of Political and Social Science, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1036738.
[5] F. Maurice Ethridge and Joe R. Feagin,“Varieties of‘Fundamentalism’: A Conceptual andEmpirical Analysis of Two Protestant Denominations”, The Sociological Quarterly, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Winter, 1979), pp. 37-48 , Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the Midwest Sociological Society.
[6] Frank J. Lechner“Fundamentalism and Sociocultural Revitalization in America: A Sociological Interpretation”, Sociological Analysis, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Autumn, 1985), pp.243-259, Published by Association for the sociology of Religion, Inc.
[7] Gerald S. Mathisen and James A. Mathisen,“The New Fundamentalism: A Sociorhetorical Approach to Understanding Theological Change”, Review of Religious Research, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Sep., 1988), pp. 18-32 , Published by: Religious Research Association, Inc.
[8] Martin E. Marty,“Explaining the Rise of Fundamentalism”, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 46, No. 5 (Feb., 1993), pp. 5-9 , Published by: American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
[9] Martin E. Marty ,“Fundamentalism as a Social Phenomenon”, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2 (Nov., 1988), pp. 15-29 , Published by: American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
[10] R. Scott Appleby and Martin E. Marty,“Fundamentalism”, Foreign Policy, No. 128 (Jan. - Feb., 2002), pp. 16-18+20-22 , Published by: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace of 16-18+20-22.
[11] Steve Bruce ,“Modernity and Fundamentalism: The New Christian Right in America”, The British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 41, No. 4 (Dec., 1990), pp. 477-496 , Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of The London School of Economics and Political Science.
[12] Thaddeus Coreno,“Fundamentalism as a Class Culture”, Sociology of Religion, Vol. 63, No. 3 (Autumn, 2002), pp. 335-360, Published by: Association for the Sociology of Religion, Inc.
[13] Chris Hedges, The Christian Right and the Rise of American Fascism http://www. hirdworldtraveler.com/Fascism/ChristianRight_AmerFascism.html,2008年2月8日下载。
[14] The New Religious Right http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/ opinion/editorials/stories/DN-evangelicals_31edi.ART.State.Edition1.4211917.html ,2008年2月8日下载.
[15] Jonathan Mozzochi, Gillian Leichtling & Steven Gardiner,The New Right and the Christian Right http://www.qrd.org/QRD/www/FTR/newright.html,2008年2月8日下载.
[16] The Old South and the New Religious Right http: // www. sullivan- county. Com /nf0/ fundienazis/ right_south.htm,2008年2月8日下载.
[17] Anson Shupe,The Reconstructionist Movement on the New Christian Right http:// www. religion- online.org/showarticle.asp?title=234,2008年2月8日下载.
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[1]张惠玲:《当代美国政治中的新基督教右翼运动》,华东师范大学国际关系与地区发展研究院,2007年博士毕业论文。
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[3]董江阳:《现代基督教福音派思想研究》,中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所,2002年博士毕业论文。
[4]赵巍:《早期殖民地时代北美清教主义问题再探讨》,东北师范大学历史文化学院2002年硕士毕业论文。
[5]章志平:《新基督教右翼与当代美国政治》,解放军外国语学院,2003年硕士毕业论文。
[6]夏黎静:《新基督教右翼与美国外交政策》,外交学院,2006年硕士毕业论文。
[7]白丰绩:《20世纪70年代以来美国新基督教右翼运动》,东北师范大学历史文化学院,2003年硕士毕业论文。
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[13]顾然:《六七十年代美国的新右派运动初探》,《历史教学》,2002年,第9期。
[14]梅嘉:《美国宗教右翼的崛起及其影响》,《当代世界》,1995年第10期。
[15]何涛:《美国宗教右翼势力简介》,《国际资料信息》,2006年第5期。
[16]钟文范:《七八十年代美国宗教新右派运动》,《武汉大学学报》1997年第3期。
[17]徐薇薇、胡祥云:《试论新保守派与基督教右翼的联盟及其主导下的美国中东战略》,《国际关系学院学报》,2006年第6期。
[18]刘澎:《宗教右翼与美国政治》,《美国研究》,1997年第4期。
[19]王恩铭:《试论美国新宗教右翼》,《世界历史》,2007年第6期。
[20]黄鹂论:《美国六十年代嬉皮士运动的意义》,《安徽文学》2007年第1期。
[21]袁日华、孙秋云:《美国青年反文化运动探析》,《中国青年研究》,2005年,第5期。
[22]黄瑞玲:浅议美国反文化运动》,《思想理论教育导刊》,2006年第3期。
[23]赵梅:《美国反文化运动探源》,《美国研究》,2000年,第1期。
[24]李雯:《美国青年反主流文化运动滥觞的原因》,《青年研究》,2002年第8期。
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[26]瞿张婷:《浅论60年代美国反主流文化运动》,《中共福建省委党校学报》,2003年5月,第5期。
[27]钟玲:《嬉皮士———传统文化的反叛者》,《宜宾学院学报》,2005年,第7期。
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[2] http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=234
[3] http://www.christianitydaily.com/template/articleenn.htm
[4] http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas-religious-right
[5] http://www.theocracywatch.org/chris_hedges_nov24_04.htm
[6] http://www.americablog.com/2005/04/microsoft-paying-religious-right
[7] http://www.thenation.com/doc/20060814/new_christian_zionism
[8] http://www.americasfuture.org/events-archive/archives/
[9] http://news.sina.com.cn/c/cul/2007-06-12/171013212773.shtml
[10]http://www.creationtheory.org/Essays/Galkine.xhtml
[11]http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Fundamentalist_Christianity_-_Brief_history/
[12]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentalist_Christianity
[13]http://www.ukapologetics.net/evangelicalism.html
[14]http://lexicorient.com/e.o/fundamen.html
[15]http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/GUIDES/014.htm#1
[16]http://yonglee.blogbus.com/logs/22070550.html