考虑应变速率影响的混凝土单轴受压本构关系试验研究
摘要
一般来说,由于混凝土是弹塑性材料,当应变率较低时,混凝土对应变率不敏感,当应变率增大时,混凝土对应变率的敏感程度随之增加。因此,探索应变率对混凝土对本构关系的影响对于工程实际具有十分重要应用价值。
对混凝土进行了动态单轴抗压试验,并根据实验结果,建立了考虑应变率影响下的本构模型。
研究的目标是通过系统全面的试验研究和理论分析,建立适合C20~C35等级混凝土的考虑应变速率影响的单轴压应力—应变本构关系,为混凝土结构分析提供理论依据。通过大量的试验,研究不同加载速率对不同强度混凝土的抗压强度、受压弹性模量、泊松比、峰值应变和应力—应变全曲线的影响规律,给了出考虑应变速率影响的混凝土单轴受压的应力—应变曲线方程。采集设备采用美国Iotech公司高速便携式测试系统,用于高速动态振动应变信号测量。论文主要研究以下内容:
1)分析了测定混凝土轴压应力一变形全曲线的前提条件,研制出一套刚度和加载能力均较大的试验装置,测得应力—应变全曲线。
2)分析了影响混凝土轴压应力一变形全曲线结果的主要因素。
通过试验表明,应变率对混凝土应力—应变曲线、泊松比、峰值应变、极限应变和弹性没有影响,只对混凝土抗压强度有影响。
Generally, concrete is a elastic-plastic material. When the strain rate is low, the concrete is not sensitive to the strain rate. With the strain rates increasing, the sensitivity of concrete is increasing. Therefore, the exploration of the behavior of uniaxial loaded concrete under high compression rates on the constitutive relation is very important for practical engineering.
The dynamic axially compression experiments of concrete are carried. According to those results, the model of uniaxial loaded concrete under high compression rates have been built.
Through systematic and comprehensive experimental study and theoretical analysis, the effects of strain rates are considered, and stress–strain constitutive relation of C20 ~ C35 concrete under uniaxial compression is established. The work have provides a theoretical basis for analysis of concrete structures. Rule of the different loading rates on the different strength of concrete compressive strength, modulus of elasticity in compression, Poisson ratio, critical strain and stress–strain curves under different strain rates are studed through a large number of tests, uniaxial compression stress-strain curve equations under different strain rates are given. The collecting device is the U.S. Iotech's high-speed portable test system. It is used to measure high-speed of dynamic vibration response signals. The main work and some conclusions are as follows:
1 ) The premise of measuring stress–strain curve for concrete is analyzed theoretically. The device has been revised to raise its rigidity. The device has higher rigidity and greater load range.
2)In order to make stress–strain curve more precise, the factors which affect the result of mesuring are analyzed theoretically.
Through a large number of tests, loading rates have no effect on stress–strain curves, Poisson ratio, critical strain and modulus of elasticity. Loading rates only have an effect on compressive strength.
对混凝土进行了动态单轴抗压试验,并根据实验结果,建立了考虑应变率影响下的本构模型。
研究的目标是通过系统全面的试验研究和理论分析,建立适合C20~C35等级混凝土的考虑应变速率影响的单轴压应力—应变本构关系,为混凝土结构分析提供理论依据。通过大量的试验,研究不同加载速率对不同强度混凝土的抗压强度、受压弹性模量、泊松比、峰值应变和应力—应变全曲线的影响规律,给了出考虑应变速率影响的混凝土单轴受压的应力—应变曲线方程。采集设备采用美国Iotech公司高速便携式测试系统,用于高速动态振动应变信号测量。论文主要研究以下内容:
1)分析了测定混凝土轴压应力一变形全曲线的前提条件,研制出一套刚度和加载能力均较大的试验装置,测得应力—应变全曲线。
2)分析了影响混凝土轴压应力一变形全曲线结果的主要因素。
通过试验表明,应变率对混凝土应力—应变曲线、泊松比、峰值应变、极限应变和弹性没有影响,只对混凝土抗压强度有影响。
Generally, concrete is a elastic-plastic material. When the strain rate is low, the concrete is not sensitive to the strain rate. With the strain rates increasing, the sensitivity of concrete is increasing. Therefore, the exploration of the behavior of uniaxial loaded concrete under high compression rates on the constitutive relation is very important for practical engineering.
The dynamic axially compression experiments of concrete are carried. According to those results, the model of uniaxial loaded concrete under high compression rates have been built.
Through systematic and comprehensive experimental study and theoretical analysis, the effects of strain rates are considered, and stress–strain constitutive relation of C20 ~ C35 concrete under uniaxial compression is established. The work have provides a theoretical basis for analysis of concrete structures. Rule of the different loading rates on the different strength of concrete compressive strength, modulus of elasticity in compression, Poisson ratio, critical strain and stress–strain curves under different strain rates are studed through a large number of tests, uniaxial compression stress-strain curve equations under different strain rates are given. The collecting device is the U.S. Iotech's high-speed portable test system. It is used to measure high-speed of dynamic vibration response signals. The main work and some conclusions are as follows:
1 ) The premise of measuring stress–strain curve for concrete is analyzed theoretically. The device has been revised to raise its rigidity. The device has higher rigidity and greater load range.
2)In order to make stress–strain curve more precise, the factors which affect the result of mesuring are analyzed theoretically.
Through a large number of tests, loading rates have no effect on stress–strain curves, Poisson ratio, critical strain and modulus of elasticity. Loading rates only have an effect on compressive strength.
引文
[1]赵俊平.混凝土的变形性能浅谈[J].中国科技信息,2009,(6):78-79.
[2]夏琴,柳炳康,曹勇.再生混凝土单轴受压变形性能的试验研究[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2009,(1):11-14.
[3]高丹盈,王四巍,宋帅奇,等.塑性混凝土单向受压应力-应变关系的试验研究.水利学报[J].水利学报,2009,(1):85-90.
[4]徐亦冬,吴道尧,沈建生,等.高性能再生混凝土的单轴受压本构关系[J].建筑技术,2009,(1):15-17.
[5]王璟玉,张立勇,钟强,等.高强混凝土的单轴抗压力学性能试验研究[J].建材世界,2009,(1):38-41.
[6]邓志恒,杨海峰,林俊,等.再生混凝土应力-应变全曲线试验研究[J].混凝土,2008,(11):29-31.
[7]曲艺.普强高性能混凝土受压应力—应变全曲线试验研究[J].海岸工程,2008,(3):57-62.
[8]陈朝晖,黄河,颜文涛,等.腐蚀混凝土单轴受压力学性能研究[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(3):43-46.
[9]李申.混凝土本构研究的现状综述[J].山西建筑,2009,(13):95-96.
[10]刘海峰,宁建国.强冲击荷载作用下混凝土材料动态本构模型[J].固体力学学报,2008,(3):20-27.
[11]刘海峰,宁建国.冲击荷载作用下混凝土动态本构模型的研究[J].工程力学,2008,(12):143-148.
[12]闫东明.林皋混凝土动力试验设备的发展现状与展望[J].水科学与工程技术,2007,(1):1-3.
[13]田子坤.混凝土单轴动态受拉损伤试验研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2007.6.
[14] Scott B T,Park R,and Priestley M J N.Stress-strain behavior of confined by overlapping hoops at low and high strain rates[J].ACI Journal,1982,79(10):13-27.
[15] Dilger W H,Koch R,and Kowalczyk R.Ductilty of plain and concrete under different strain rates[J].ACI Journal,1984,81(1):73-1.
[16] Sukontasukku P,Nimityongskul P,Mindess S.Effect of loading rate on damage of concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Reasearch,2004,(34):2127-2134.
[17] Lu Y,Xu K.Modelling of dynamic behaviour of concrete materials under blast loading[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,2004,41(1):131-143.
[18]陈江瑛,黄旭升,王礼立.水泥砂浆的率型损伤演化[J].中国矿业大学学报,1998,27(2):189-191.
[19]陈江瑛,王礼立.水泥砂浆的率型本构方程[J].宁波大学学报,2000,13(2):1-5.
[20]商霖,宁建国.强冲击荷载下混凝土动态本构关系[J].工程力学,2005,22(2):116-119.
[21]商霖,宁建国,孙远翔.强冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土本构关系的研究[J].固体力学学报,2005,26(5):175-181.
[22] Perzyna P.Fundamental problem in visco-plasticity[J].Advances in Applied mechanics,1966,(9):243-377.
[23] Bicanic N,Zienckiewicz O C.Constitutive model for concrete under dynamic loading[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1983,(11):689-711.
[24] Tashman L,Masad E,Little D,etal.A microstructure-based viscoplastic model for asphalt concrete[J].International Journal of Plasticity,2005,(21):1659-1685.
[25] Evans R H . Effect of rate of loading on some mechanical properties of concrete[C].Conference on mechanical properties of non-metalllic brittle materials,1968:175-192.
[26] Hughes B P,Watson A J.Compressive strength and ultimate strain of concrete under impact loading[J].Magazine of Concrete Research,1978,30(105):189-197.
[27] Wakabayshi M.Dynamic loading efficts on the structural performance of concrete and steel material and beams[C].Seventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,1980,6(3):271-278.
[28] Katsuta T.On the elastic and plastic properties of concrete in compression tests with high deformation-velocity[J].Traps Inst Jap Arch,1943,(29):268-274.
[29] Watstein D.Properties of concrete at high rates of loading[C].Philadelphia,American Society for Testing Materials,1955:156-169.
[30] Kotsovos M D.Consideration of triaxial stress conditions in design:a necessity[J].ACI Journal,1987,84(3):266-273.
[31] Rostasy F S,HartWich K.Compressive strength and deformation of steel fiber reinforced concrete under high rate of strain[J].Cement Compos.Lightwt Concrete,1985,7(1):21-28.
[32] Watstein D.Effect of straining rate on the compressive strength and elastic properties of concrete[J].ACI Journal,1953,(49):729-744.
[33] McHenry D,Shideler J J.Review of date on effect of speed in mechanical testing of concrete[C].Symposium on speed of testing of non-metallic materials,1956:72-82.
[34] Hatano T,Tsutsumi H.Dynamic compressive deformation and failure of concrete under earthquake load[C].Proceeding of 2nd world conference on earthquake engineering,1960,(3):1963-1978.
[35] Wesche K,Krause K.The effect of loading rate on compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete[J].Materialpruefung,1972,14(7):212-21.
[36] Bresler B,Bertero V V.Influence of high strain rate and cyclic loading of unconfined and confined concrete in compression[C].Proceedings of 2nd Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering,1975:1-13.
[37] MainstoneR J . Properties of materials at high rate of straining or straining or loading[J].Materials and Structure,1975,8(44):102-116.
[38] Takeda J,Tachikawa H.Deformation and fracture of concrete subjected to dynamic load [J].Mechanical Behavior of Materials,1972,(4):267-277.
[39] Dilger W H,Koch R,Kowalczyk R.Ductility of plain and confined concrete under different strain rates[J].ACI Journal,1984,81(1):73-81.
[40] Rostasy F S,Scheuermann J,Sprenger K H.Mechanical behavior of some construction materials subjected to rapid loading and low temperature[M].Betanwerk,1984,50(6):393-401.
[41] Ahmad S H,Shah S P.Behavior of hoop confined concrete under high strain rates[J].ACI Journal,1985,82(5):634-647.
[42] Dhir R K,Sangha C M.A study of relationships between time,strength,deformation and fracture of plain concrete[J].Magazine of Concrete Research,1972,24(81):197-208.
[43] Zielinski J,Reinhardt H W,Kormeling H A.Experiments on concrete under uniaxial impact tensile loading[J].Materials and Structures,1981,(14):103-112.
[44]刘剑飞,胡时胜,胡元育,等.花岗岩的动态压缩实验和力学性能研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,(19):618-621.
[45]孟益平,胡时胜.混凝土材料冲击压缩试验中的一些问题[J].实验力学,2003,(18):108-112.
[46] Lindholm U S.Techniques in Metals Research[J],New York Interseienee,1971,(8):12-14.
[47]董毓利,谢和平,赵鹏.不同应变率下混凝土受压全过程的实验研究及其本构关系[J].水利学报,1997,(7):72-77.
[48]闫东明.混凝土动态力学性能试验与理论研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2006.
[2]夏琴,柳炳康,曹勇.再生混凝土单轴受压变形性能的试验研究[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2009,(1):11-14.
[3]高丹盈,王四巍,宋帅奇,等.塑性混凝土单向受压应力-应变关系的试验研究.水利学报[J].水利学报,2009,(1):85-90.
[4]徐亦冬,吴道尧,沈建生,等.高性能再生混凝土的单轴受压本构关系[J].建筑技术,2009,(1):15-17.
[5]王璟玉,张立勇,钟强,等.高强混凝土的单轴抗压力学性能试验研究[J].建材世界,2009,(1):38-41.
[6]邓志恒,杨海峰,林俊,等.再生混凝土应力-应变全曲线试验研究[J].混凝土,2008,(11):29-31.
[7]曲艺.普强高性能混凝土受压应力—应变全曲线试验研究[J].海岸工程,2008,(3):57-62.
[8]陈朝晖,黄河,颜文涛,等.腐蚀混凝土单轴受压力学性能研究[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(3):43-46.
[9]李申.混凝土本构研究的现状综述[J].山西建筑,2009,(13):95-96.
[10]刘海峰,宁建国.强冲击荷载作用下混凝土材料动态本构模型[J].固体力学学报,2008,(3):20-27.
[11]刘海峰,宁建国.冲击荷载作用下混凝土动态本构模型的研究[J].工程力学,2008,(12):143-148.
[12]闫东明.林皋混凝土动力试验设备的发展现状与展望[J].水科学与工程技术,2007,(1):1-3.
[13]田子坤.混凝土单轴动态受拉损伤试验研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2007.6.
[14] Scott B T,Park R,and Priestley M J N.Stress-strain behavior of confined by overlapping hoops at low and high strain rates[J].ACI Journal,1982,79(10):13-27.
[15] Dilger W H,Koch R,and Kowalczyk R.Ductilty of plain and concrete under different strain rates[J].ACI Journal,1984,81(1):73-1.
[16] Sukontasukku P,Nimityongskul P,Mindess S.Effect of loading rate on damage of concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Reasearch,2004,(34):2127-2134.
[17] Lu Y,Xu K.Modelling of dynamic behaviour of concrete materials under blast loading[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,2004,41(1):131-143.
[18]陈江瑛,黄旭升,王礼立.水泥砂浆的率型损伤演化[J].中国矿业大学学报,1998,27(2):189-191.
[19]陈江瑛,王礼立.水泥砂浆的率型本构方程[J].宁波大学学报,2000,13(2):1-5.
[20]商霖,宁建国.强冲击荷载下混凝土动态本构关系[J].工程力学,2005,22(2):116-119.
[21]商霖,宁建国,孙远翔.强冲击荷载作用下钢筋混凝土本构关系的研究[J].固体力学学报,2005,26(5):175-181.
[22] Perzyna P.Fundamental problem in visco-plasticity[J].Advances in Applied mechanics,1966,(9):243-377.
[23] Bicanic N,Zienckiewicz O C.Constitutive model for concrete under dynamic loading[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1983,(11):689-711.
[24] Tashman L,Masad E,Little D,etal.A microstructure-based viscoplastic model for asphalt concrete[J].International Journal of Plasticity,2005,(21):1659-1685.
[25] Evans R H . Effect of rate of loading on some mechanical properties of concrete[C].Conference on mechanical properties of non-metalllic brittle materials,1968:175-192.
[26] Hughes B P,Watson A J.Compressive strength and ultimate strain of concrete under impact loading[J].Magazine of Concrete Research,1978,30(105):189-197.
[27] Wakabayshi M.Dynamic loading efficts on the structural performance of concrete and steel material and beams[C].Seventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,1980,6(3):271-278.
[28] Katsuta T.On the elastic and plastic properties of concrete in compression tests with high deformation-velocity[J].Traps Inst Jap Arch,1943,(29):268-274.
[29] Watstein D.Properties of concrete at high rates of loading[C].Philadelphia,American Society for Testing Materials,1955:156-169.
[30] Kotsovos M D.Consideration of triaxial stress conditions in design:a necessity[J].ACI Journal,1987,84(3):266-273.
[31] Rostasy F S,HartWich K.Compressive strength and deformation of steel fiber reinforced concrete under high rate of strain[J].Cement Compos.Lightwt Concrete,1985,7(1):21-28.
[32] Watstein D.Effect of straining rate on the compressive strength and elastic properties of concrete[J].ACI Journal,1953,(49):729-744.
[33] McHenry D,Shideler J J.Review of date on effect of speed in mechanical testing of concrete[C].Symposium on speed of testing of non-metallic materials,1956:72-82.
[34] Hatano T,Tsutsumi H.Dynamic compressive deformation and failure of concrete under earthquake load[C].Proceeding of 2nd world conference on earthquake engineering,1960,(3):1963-1978.
[35] Wesche K,Krause K.The effect of loading rate on compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete[J].Materialpruefung,1972,14(7):212-21.
[36] Bresler B,Bertero V V.Influence of high strain rate and cyclic loading of unconfined and confined concrete in compression[C].Proceedings of 2nd Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering,1975:1-13.
[37] MainstoneR J . Properties of materials at high rate of straining or straining or loading[J].Materials and Structure,1975,8(44):102-116.
[38] Takeda J,Tachikawa H.Deformation and fracture of concrete subjected to dynamic load [J].Mechanical Behavior of Materials,1972,(4):267-277.
[39] Dilger W H,Koch R,Kowalczyk R.Ductility of plain and confined concrete under different strain rates[J].ACI Journal,1984,81(1):73-81.
[40] Rostasy F S,Scheuermann J,Sprenger K H.Mechanical behavior of some construction materials subjected to rapid loading and low temperature[M].Betanwerk,1984,50(6):393-401.
[41] Ahmad S H,Shah S P.Behavior of hoop confined concrete under high strain rates[J].ACI Journal,1985,82(5):634-647.
[42] Dhir R K,Sangha C M.A study of relationships between time,strength,deformation and fracture of plain concrete[J].Magazine of Concrete Research,1972,24(81):197-208.
[43] Zielinski J,Reinhardt H W,Kormeling H A.Experiments on concrete under uniaxial impact tensile loading[J].Materials and Structures,1981,(14):103-112.
[44]刘剑飞,胡时胜,胡元育,等.花岗岩的动态压缩实验和力学性能研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,(19):618-621.
[45]孟益平,胡时胜.混凝土材料冲击压缩试验中的一些问题[J].实验力学,2003,(18):108-112.
[46] Lindholm U S.Techniques in Metals Research[J],New York Interseienee,1971,(8):12-14.
[47]董毓利,谢和平,赵鹏.不同应变率下混凝土受压全过程的实验研究及其本构关系[J].水利学报,1997,(7):72-77.
[48]闫东明.混凝土动态力学性能试验与理论研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2006.