粒子系统左心室容积建模技术研究
|
摘要
左心室容积是衡量心脏功能的重要指标之一,其精确性和可重复性对评价心脏功能具有极为重要的意义。迄今为止,国内外学者对基于医学图像的心脏建模方法进行了大量研究,但在左心室动态变形容积建模方面还未找到一种同时满足精确、稳定、高效的方法。本文将以左心室动态容积测量为目标,针对基于粒子系统的左心室变形容积建模方法进行研究,其目的是为左心室可视化直接临床诊断奠定一个良好的基础。
论文深入分析了粒子系统的基本原理和应用,重点研究了粒子系统对整体物体的模拟,尤其是对动态可变形物体模拟的相关理论原理。本文提出了粒子系统左心室静态容积建模方法,研究并设计了球面增长粒子容积填充算法,以及基于三维断层数据点和三角网格表面碰撞检测的物体表面形态保持策略,建立了左心室的三维静态容积模型;本文在分析粒子系统动力学原理的基础上,提出了左心室三维变形容积建模方法,通过利用伦纳德-琼斯势能原理设计了粒子系统的内力与外力,结合粒子系统平衡策略既保持了变形物体整体性,又较好地跟踪了变形物体外部形态,同时还利用粒子的邻居搜索策略完成了算法设计与实现,建立了左心室的三维动态容积模型。仿真实验结果表明,基于粒子系统动力学原理是一种适合动态变形物体容积建模的方法,把它应用于左心室的动态模拟以及容积测算是一次新的有益尝试。
The left ventricular volume is one of the important factors for functional measurement of the heart, and its accuracy and repeatability . are very meaningful for evaluating the function of the heart. Up to now, many researches have been carried out by the international scholars in cardiac modeling method based on the medical image. Yet, in the area of modeling the dynamic and deformable left ventricle, there is still not any method with precision,stabilization and high efficiency. In this paper, a deformable and dynamic left ventricular volume modeling method based on particle system is studied for the goal of measuring left ventricular volume dynamically, and its purpose is to lay a good foundation for the visualization of left ventricle in the direct clinical diagnosis.
This paper analyses the principle of particle system and its applications, and investigates the simulation of particle system for the integrity objects, especially the modeling theory for the dynamic and deformable objects. A static volume modeling method based on particle system is proposed. Through researching and designing a filling volume algorithm using spherical increasing particles, as well as the strategies of keeping surface shape with collision detection for 3D computer tomography data points and triangular grid, the left ventricle 3D static volume model is reconstructed. On the basis of analysis of the theory of particle system dynamics, a 3D deformable volume modeling method of left ventricle is brought out. The internal and external forces of particle system are designed using the Leonard - Jones potential function and particle system balanced strategy. It not only holds the integrity of objects but also tracks the external morphology of the deformable objects. A volume modeling algorithm with particle neighbor searching strategy is implemented, then 3D dynamic volume model of the left ventricle is completed. The simulation results show that the theory of particle system dynamics is suitable for modeling the dynamic deformable objects. It's a new useful attempt that the proposed method is applied to dynamic simulation and volume measuring of the left ventricle.
论文深入分析了粒子系统的基本原理和应用,重点研究了粒子系统对整体物体的模拟,尤其是对动态可变形物体模拟的相关理论原理。本文提出了粒子系统左心室静态容积建模方法,研究并设计了球面增长粒子容积填充算法,以及基于三维断层数据点和三角网格表面碰撞检测的物体表面形态保持策略,建立了左心室的三维静态容积模型;本文在分析粒子系统动力学原理的基础上,提出了左心室三维变形容积建模方法,通过利用伦纳德-琼斯势能原理设计了粒子系统的内力与外力,结合粒子系统平衡策略既保持了变形物体整体性,又较好地跟踪了变形物体外部形态,同时还利用粒子的邻居搜索策略完成了算法设计与实现,建立了左心室的三维动态容积模型。仿真实验结果表明,基于粒子系统动力学原理是一种适合动态变形物体容积建模的方法,把它应用于左心室的动态模拟以及容积测算是一次新的有益尝试。
The left ventricular volume is one of the important factors for functional measurement of the heart, and its accuracy and repeatability . are very meaningful for evaluating the function of the heart. Up to now, many researches have been carried out by the international scholars in cardiac modeling method based on the medical image. Yet, in the area of modeling the dynamic and deformable left ventricle, there is still not any method with precision,stabilization and high efficiency. In this paper, a deformable and dynamic left ventricular volume modeling method based on particle system is studied for the goal of measuring left ventricular volume dynamically, and its purpose is to lay a good foundation for the visualization of left ventricle in the direct clinical diagnosis.
This paper analyses the principle of particle system and its applications, and investigates the simulation of particle system for the integrity objects, especially the modeling theory for the dynamic and deformable objects. A static volume modeling method based on particle system is proposed. Through researching and designing a filling volume algorithm using spherical increasing particles, as well as the strategies of keeping surface shape with collision detection for 3D computer tomography data points and triangular grid, the left ventricle 3D static volume model is reconstructed. On the basis of analysis of the theory of particle system dynamics, a 3D deformable volume modeling method of left ventricle is brought out. The internal and external forces of particle system are designed using the Leonard - Jones potential function and particle system balanced strategy. It not only holds the integrity of objects but also tracks the external morphology of the deformable objects. A volume modeling algorithm with particle neighbor searching strategy is implemented, then 3D dynamic volume model of the left ventricle is completed. The simulation results show that the theory of particle system dynamics is suitable for modeling the dynamic deformable objects. It's a new useful attempt that the proposed method is applied to dynamic simulation and volume measuring of the left ventricle.
引文
[1]胡逸民,杨定宇.肿心放射治疗技术.北京:北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1999.231-235
[2]扈琳,崔炜.左心室容积的测量方法.临床荟萃,2004,19(11):655-656
[3]Keppel E.Approxioating complex surfaces by triangulation of contour lines.IBM.J Res,1975.120-129
[4]Nilsdotter AK,Lohmander LS.Patient relevant outcomes after total hip replacement:a comparison between different surgical techniques.Health Qual Life Outcomes,2003.1-21
[5]秦彦国.应用三维重建技术优化成人髋关节发育不良假体置换的实验研究:[博士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2007
[6]Lorensen W E,Cline H El.Marching cubes:A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm.Computer Graphics,1987,21(4):163 - 169
[7]洪锋,梅炯,李明禄.医学图像三维重建技术综述.中国图象图形学报,2003.11-14
[8]廖其梅,杭洽时.三维医学图象重建的方法与应用.现代电子技术,1997.41-42
[9]秦绪佳,欧宗英,纪凤欣,等.三维医学图像MT表面重建的相关性处理及模型简化.中国生物医学工程学报,2001.398-403
[10]梁远蕾,王宗彦.基于断层数据的三维重构技术.华北工学院学报,2002,23(1):58-63
[11]Heang K.Tuy,刘积仁,邹豪.医学图像三维表面模型重建.CT理论应用与研究.2000.23-28
[12]Durst M J.Letters.Additional reference to"Marching Cubes".Computer Graphics,1988,22(2):71-78
[13]Doi A,Koide A.An efficient method of triangulating equivalued surfaces by using tetrahedral cells.IEICE Transactions,1991,74(1):214-224
[14]Golias N A,Tsiboukis T D.An approach to refining three dimensional tetrahedral meshes based on delaunay transformation.International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1994.793-812
[15]孟宪海,蔡强,李吉刚,等.面向四面体网格生成的曲面Delaunay三角化算法.工程图学学报.2006,27(1):76-81
[16]秦绪佳.医学图像三维重建及可视化研究:[博士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2001
[17]钱志刚,刘磊.血管切片的三维重建.河北大学学报,2002,22(2):118-123
[18]秦绪佳,欧宗瑛,侯建华.医学图像三维重建模型的剖切与立体视窗剪裁.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(3):275-279
[19]赵海峰,束学斌.一种有效的序列断层图像的八元树构造算法.中国图象图形学报,1999,4(5):418-422
[20]周勇.三维数据可视化技术的研究与实现:[博士学位论文].北京:清华大学,1995
[21]段宝山,潘振宽.医学断层图像三维重建的辅助轮廓线法.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2005,17(8):1862-1866
[22]安新伟,张晓兵,尹涵春.医学图像三维重建的研究.电子器件,2001,24(3):207-212
[23]欧宗瑛,宋涛,李晕晖.基于CT、MRI断层图像的人体三维建模.焦作大学学报,2003,17(2):55-58
[24]包尚联.新世纪医学影像学及其影像诊断设备的发展趋势.仪器仪表学报,2000,21(5):23-26
[25]张嬿,唐红,宋彬,等.实时三维超声心动图定量评价左心室容积及射血分数.中国超声医学杂志,2006,22(2):102-104
[26]扈琳,崔炜,王维刚,等.X射线心室造影计算左室容积三种方法的比较.中华放射医学与防护杂志,2003,23(5):352-354
[27]任书堂,马小静.左心房容积的超声测定及其在复杂先心病肺血评估中的应用.中国超声诊断杂志,2002,3(5):327-330
[28]崔炜.单平面Simpson法计算右室容积的可行性研究.中华放射学杂志,2003,37(9):837-839
[29]Broban WC,Glamann DB,Lange RA,et al.Comparison of singleand biplane ventriculography for determination of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction.Am J Cardiol,1992.1079-1082
[30]崔炜,张继增,戴汝平.单平面及双平面面右心室容积的比较积-长度法计算.中华超声影像学杂志,2003,2(8):465-467
[31]王东,张挽时,熊明辉.螺旋CT三维重建方法的探讨.中国医学影像 技术,2001,16(10):889-890
[32]Garcia-Panyella,A Susin.Left ventricle volume estimation from 3D SPECT reconstruction computers in Cardiology 2002,11(29):621-624
[33]Garcia O,Susin.A left ventricle's surface reconstruction and volumn estimation.Terceres jornades de recercacn Enginyeria Biomedica,2002.1-10
[34]W.T.Reeves.Particle systems-a technique for modeling a class of fuzzy objects.ACM Transactions.Graphics,1983.91-108
[35]张芹.火焰、烟、云等不规则物体的建模方法研究综述.中国图象图形学报,2000,5(3):186-190
[36]Lombardo and Puech.Oriented particles:A tool for shape memory objects modeling.Proceedings-Graphics Interface,1995.255-262
[37]Szeliski R and Tonnesen D.Surface modeling with oriented particle systems.Technical Report CRL,Cambridge Research Lab,1991.147-150
[38]Amrani M,Shariat B.Deformable organs modeling with multi layer particle systems.Information Visualization Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Volume,2000.351-356
[39]K.Shimada and D.C.Gossard.Bubble mesh automated triangular meshing of non-manifold geometry by sphere packing.In Third Symposium on Solid modeling and Applications,1995.409-419
[40]Andrew Witkin.An introduction to physically modeling:particle system dynamics.Robotics Institute Caregie Mellon University,1997.257-263
[41]Jaillet F,Sharait B,Vandorpe D.Deformable volume object modeling with a particle-based system for medical applications.In 5th Int.Conf.in Central Europe on Comp.Graphics and Visualization WSCG'97,1997.192-201
[42]张芹.不规则模糊物体建模理论及其在虚拟战场中的应用:[博士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学,2001
[43]谢剑斌,郝建新,蔡宣平,等.基于粒子系统的雨点和雪花降落模拟生成.中国图像图形学报.1999.107-111
[44]王静秋.基于粒子系统的动态自然景物模拟的研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,1999
[45]陈蕾.粒子系统理论及其在飞行模拟器实时视景仿真中的应用研究:[博士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2004
[46]黄会林.飞行模拟器视景系统云层的特效模拟:[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006
[47]丁强,陈青林,左福强.基于LOD的火焰粒子生成技术.计算机应用.2005.25(12):257-259
[48]严芳.粒子系统及其SPH方法应用的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2006
[49]赵静谧,张慧,郑国勤.基于粒子系统的喷泉模拟.计算机应用研究.2006:244-249
[50]和平鸽工作室.OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发高级编程篇(第二版).中国水利水电出版社,2003.215-236
[51]王宏炜,刘越,王涌天.面向对象的通用粒子系统设计.系统仿真学报,2006,18(8):46-48
[52]周培德.计算几何--算法设计与分析(第2版)清华大学出版社2005.147-160
[53]David Love Tonnesen.Dynamically coupled particle systems for geometric modeling,reconstruction,and animation:[PHD thesis].Toronto:university of Toronto,1998
[54]Fabrice Jaillet,Behzad Shariat,Denis Vandorpe.Volume objects modeling and animation with particle-based system.Proceedings of Siggraph,1995.157-162
[55]Morade Amrani,Fabrice Jaillet,Mahmoud Melkemi,Behzad Shariat.Simluation of deformable organs with a hybrid approach.Tridimensional reconstruction,2001.213-242
[56]M.Desbrun,M.Gascuel.Smoothed particles:A new paradigm for animating highly deformable bodies.In Eurographics Workshopon Amimation and Simulation'96,1996.187-196
[57]陈舜麟.计算材料科学.化学工业出版社,2005.125-141
[58]Vincent Baudet,Fabrice Jaillet,Behzad Shariat.Fitting a 3D particle system model to a non-dense data set in medical applications.LIGIM,University of Lyon Ⅰ,2002.56-61
[59]D.Terzopoulos,K.Fleischer.Deformable models.The Visual Computer,4(6):306-331
[60]赵晓彬.计算方法.西安:西安电子科技出版社,1994.194-197
[2]扈琳,崔炜.左心室容积的测量方法.临床荟萃,2004,19(11):655-656
[3]Keppel E.Approxioating complex surfaces by triangulation of contour lines.IBM.J Res,1975.120-129
[4]Nilsdotter AK,Lohmander LS.Patient relevant outcomes after total hip replacement:a comparison between different surgical techniques.Health Qual Life Outcomes,2003.1-21
[5]秦彦国.应用三维重建技术优化成人髋关节发育不良假体置换的实验研究:[博士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2007
[6]Lorensen W E,Cline H El.Marching cubes:A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm.Computer Graphics,1987,21(4):163 - 169
[7]洪锋,梅炯,李明禄.医学图像三维重建技术综述.中国图象图形学报,2003.11-14
[8]廖其梅,杭洽时.三维医学图象重建的方法与应用.现代电子技术,1997.41-42
[9]秦绪佳,欧宗英,纪凤欣,等.三维医学图像MT表面重建的相关性处理及模型简化.中国生物医学工程学报,2001.398-403
[10]梁远蕾,王宗彦.基于断层数据的三维重构技术.华北工学院学报,2002,23(1):58-63
[11]Heang K.Tuy,刘积仁,邹豪.医学图像三维表面模型重建.CT理论应用与研究.2000.23-28
[12]Durst M J.Letters.Additional reference to"Marching Cubes".Computer Graphics,1988,22(2):71-78
[13]Doi A,Koide A.An efficient method of triangulating equivalued surfaces by using tetrahedral cells.IEICE Transactions,1991,74(1):214-224
[14]Golias N A,Tsiboukis T D.An approach to refining three dimensional tetrahedral meshes based on delaunay transformation.International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,1994.793-812
[15]孟宪海,蔡强,李吉刚,等.面向四面体网格生成的曲面Delaunay三角化算法.工程图学学报.2006,27(1):76-81
[16]秦绪佳.医学图像三维重建及可视化研究:[博士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2001
[17]钱志刚,刘磊.血管切片的三维重建.河北大学学报,2002,22(2):118-123
[18]秦绪佳,欧宗瑛,侯建华.医学图像三维重建模型的剖切与立体视窗剪裁.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(3):275-279
[19]赵海峰,束学斌.一种有效的序列断层图像的八元树构造算法.中国图象图形学报,1999,4(5):418-422
[20]周勇.三维数据可视化技术的研究与实现:[博士学位论文].北京:清华大学,1995
[21]段宝山,潘振宽.医学断层图像三维重建的辅助轮廓线法.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2005,17(8):1862-1866
[22]安新伟,张晓兵,尹涵春.医学图像三维重建的研究.电子器件,2001,24(3):207-212
[23]欧宗瑛,宋涛,李晕晖.基于CT、MRI断层图像的人体三维建模.焦作大学学报,2003,17(2):55-58
[24]包尚联.新世纪医学影像学及其影像诊断设备的发展趋势.仪器仪表学报,2000,21(5):23-26
[25]张嬿,唐红,宋彬,等.实时三维超声心动图定量评价左心室容积及射血分数.中国超声医学杂志,2006,22(2):102-104
[26]扈琳,崔炜,王维刚,等.X射线心室造影计算左室容积三种方法的比较.中华放射医学与防护杂志,2003,23(5):352-354
[27]任书堂,马小静.左心房容积的超声测定及其在复杂先心病肺血评估中的应用.中国超声诊断杂志,2002,3(5):327-330
[28]崔炜.单平面Simpson法计算右室容积的可行性研究.中华放射学杂志,2003,37(9):837-839
[29]Broban WC,Glamann DB,Lange RA,et al.Comparison of singleand biplane ventriculography for determination of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction.Am J Cardiol,1992.1079-1082
[30]崔炜,张继增,戴汝平.单平面及双平面面右心室容积的比较积-长度法计算.中华超声影像学杂志,2003,2(8):465-467
[31]王东,张挽时,熊明辉.螺旋CT三维重建方法的探讨.中国医学影像 技术,2001,16(10):889-890
[32]Garcia-Panyella,A Susin.Left ventricle volume estimation from 3D SPECT reconstruction computers in Cardiology 2002,11(29):621-624
[33]Garcia O,Susin.A left ventricle's surface reconstruction and volumn estimation.Terceres jornades de recercacn Enginyeria Biomedica,2002.1-10
[34]W.T.Reeves.Particle systems-a technique for modeling a class of fuzzy objects.ACM Transactions.Graphics,1983.91-108
[35]张芹.火焰、烟、云等不规则物体的建模方法研究综述.中国图象图形学报,2000,5(3):186-190
[36]Lombardo and Puech.Oriented particles:A tool for shape memory objects modeling.Proceedings-Graphics Interface,1995.255-262
[37]Szeliski R and Tonnesen D.Surface modeling with oriented particle systems.Technical Report CRL,Cambridge Research Lab,1991.147-150
[38]Amrani M,Shariat B.Deformable organs modeling with multi layer particle systems.Information Visualization Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Volume,2000.351-356
[39]K.Shimada and D.C.Gossard.Bubble mesh automated triangular meshing of non-manifold geometry by sphere packing.In Third Symposium on Solid modeling and Applications,1995.409-419
[40]Andrew Witkin.An introduction to physically modeling:particle system dynamics.Robotics Institute Caregie Mellon University,1997.257-263
[41]Jaillet F,Sharait B,Vandorpe D.Deformable volume object modeling with a particle-based system for medical applications.In 5th Int.Conf.in Central Europe on Comp.Graphics and Visualization WSCG'97,1997.192-201
[42]张芹.不规则模糊物体建模理论及其在虚拟战场中的应用:[博士学位论文].南京:南京理工大学,2001
[43]谢剑斌,郝建新,蔡宣平,等.基于粒子系统的雨点和雪花降落模拟生成.中国图像图形学报.1999.107-111
[44]王静秋.基于粒子系统的动态自然景物模拟的研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,1999
[45]陈蕾.粒子系统理论及其在飞行模拟器实时视景仿真中的应用研究:[博士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2004
[46]黄会林.飞行模拟器视景系统云层的特效模拟:[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006
[47]丁强,陈青林,左福强.基于LOD的火焰粒子生成技术.计算机应用.2005.25(12):257-259
[48]严芳.粒子系统及其SPH方法应用的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2006
[49]赵静谧,张慧,郑国勤.基于粒子系统的喷泉模拟.计算机应用研究.2006:244-249
[50]和平鸽工作室.OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发高级编程篇(第二版).中国水利水电出版社,2003.215-236
[51]王宏炜,刘越,王涌天.面向对象的通用粒子系统设计.系统仿真学报,2006,18(8):46-48
[52]周培德.计算几何--算法设计与分析(第2版)清华大学出版社2005.147-160
[53]David Love Tonnesen.Dynamically coupled particle systems for geometric modeling,reconstruction,and animation:[PHD thesis].Toronto:university of Toronto,1998
[54]Fabrice Jaillet,Behzad Shariat,Denis Vandorpe.Volume objects modeling and animation with particle-based system.Proceedings of Siggraph,1995.157-162
[55]Morade Amrani,Fabrice Jaillet,Mahmoud Melkemi,Behzad Shariat.Simluation of deformable organs with a hybrid approach.Tridimensional reconstruction,2001.213-242
[56]M.Desbrun,M.Gascuel.Smoothed particles:A new paradigm for animating highly deformable bodies.In Eurographics Workshopon Amimation and Simulation'96,1996.187-196
[57]陈舜麟.计算材料科学.化学工业出版社,2005.125-141
[58]Vincent Baudet,Fabrice Jaillet,Behzad Shariat.Fitting a 3D particle system model to a non-dense data set in medical applications.LIGIM,University of Lyon Ⅰ,2002.56-61
[59]D.Terzopoulos,K.Fleischer.Deformable models.The Visual Computer,4(6):306-331
[60]赵晓彬.计算方法.西安:西安电子科技出版社,1994.194-197