大空间气流组织数值模拟与优化
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摘要
对于工业厂房类的大空间,常规设计方法很难准确分析评估其气流组织。试验研究和数值计算研究是探索气流组织的两种重要方法。试验研究方法周期长、费用多,而数值计算研究方法则不仅周期短、费用少,而且便于进行多方案的比较,由计算得到的速度场、温度场等可以用于气流组织设计。近几年来,随着计算机大容量化和高速度化以及计算流体力学的发展,应用CFD技术模拟预测高大空间建筑空调系统的气流组织以及优化设计方案成为可能。所以数值计算的研究方法得到了越来越多的应用。
本文采用三维定常Navier-Stokes方程组和k ?ε紊流模型,对厂房的气流组织进行了数值模拟。论文通过对比分析厂房实际测定数据与数值模拟结果,验证了CFD方法的可行性与结果的可靠性;为了优化厂房的气流组织,提出了九种不同方案,首先用数值模拟的方法得出气流速度场云图,优选出三种方案,再次通过对这三种方案进行模型试验,测得相应速度场数据,运用气流不均匀系数作评价指标,对结果进行分析与对比,得到最优方案,探索出相应的优化规律。
长期以来,我国大空间气流组织的设计都凭经验进行,在设计规范中尚未提出具体量化的要求。本文实现了大空间气流组织的数值模拟,并通过了试验的方法验证了数值计算的结果,这就为以断面不均匀系数作为评价气流主旨的设计标准提供了可能,可供今后的设计参考。
Common design methods can not be used to analyze and assess airflow accurately in large space buildings such as industry workshop. Experimental study and numerical simulation study are two most important methods to explore the principle of air distribution. Experimental study needs relatively long cycle and much running cost, but numerical simulation study not only needs short cycle and little running cost but also can be convenient to carry on the comparison of the multi-plans. It may improve the design of the concentration field with the velocity field and temperature concentration field that is gotten from the numerical simulation. In recent years, with the development of computer industry and Computational airflow thermal Dynamics, it becomes possible to simulate and predict air distribution, so numerical simulation study is being more and more applied.
This article uses the three dimensional steady Navier-Stokes equations and turbulent flow model, carries on the value simulation of air current organization of workshop. The paper makes a contrast analysis on the actual measured data and the analogue of workshop ,confirms the feasibility of the CFD method and the reliability of result ; In order to optimize the air current organization of the workshop, proposes nine kinds of different plans, Firstly, uses the value simulation method to obtain the chart of air flow field cloud , selects the optimal three kinds of plans, secondly, through carrying on the model experiment by these three kind of plans, measures the data of the corresponding velocity field, makes the air current nonuniformity coefficient as the appraisal target, carries on an analysis and a contrast to the result, obtains the optimal plan, explores the corresponding optimized rule.
For years, design of air distribution of large space buildings is based upon experience, and there are no special quantitative requirements in the code. The essay achieves the simulation of the air distribution of large space buildings with CFD and proves the conclusion of the simulation through tests: therefore it provides the feasibility to evaluate the design standard of air distribution in large space buildings by means of the not even coefficient and may serve as a reference to the design of large space buildings.
本文采用三维定常Navier-Stokes方程组和k ?ε紊流模型,对厂房的气流组织进行了数值模拟。论文通过对比分析厂房实际测定数据与数值模拟结果,验证了CFD方法的可行性与结果的可靠性;为了优化厂房的气流组织,提出了九种不同方案,首先用数值模拟的方法得出气流速度场云图,优选出三种方案,再次通过对这三种方案进行模型试验,测得相应速度场数据,运用气流不均匀系数作评价指标,对结果进行分析与对比,得到最优方案,探索出相应的优化规律。
长期以来,我国大空间气流组织的设计都凭经验进行,在设计规范中尚未提出具体量化的要求。本文实现了大空间气流组织的数值模拟,并通过了试验的方法验证了数值计算的结果,这就为以断面不均匀系数作为评价气流主旨的设计标准提供了可能,可供今后的设计参考。
Common design methods can not be used to analyze and assess airflow accurately in large space buildings such as industry workshop. Experimental study and numerical simulation study are two most important methods to explore the principle of air distribution. Experimental study needs relatively long cycle and much running cost, but numerical simulation study not only needs short cycle and little running cost but also can be convenient to carry on the comparison of the multi-plans. It may improve the design of the concentration field with the velocity field and temperature concentration field that is gotten from the numerical simulation. In recent years, with the development of computer industry and Computational airflow thermal Dynamics, it becomes possible to simulate and predict air distribution, so numerical simulation study is being more and more applied.
This article uses the three dimensional steady Navier-Stokes equations and turbulent flow model, carries on the value simulation of air current organization of workshop. The paper makes a contrast analysis on the actual measured data and the analogue of workshop ,confirms the feasibility of the CFD method and the reliability of result ; In order to optimize the air current organization of the workshop, proposes nine kinds of different plans, Firstly, uses the value simulation method to obtain the chart of air flow field cloud , selects the optimal three kinds of plans, secondly, through carrying on the model experiment by these three kind of plans, measures the data of the corresponding velocity field, makes the air current nonuniformity coefficient as the appraisal target, carries on an analysis and a contrast to the result, obtains the optimal plan, explores the corresponding optimized rule.
For years, design of air distribution of large space buildings is based upon experience, and there are no special quantitative requirements in the code. The essay achieves the simulation of the air distribution of large space buildings with CFD and proves the conclusion of the simulation through tests: therefore it provides the feasibility to evaluate the design standard of air distribution in large space buildings by means of the not even coefficient and may serve as a reference to the design of large space buildings.
引文
[1]孟华,龙惟定.蒸发冷却技术.能源技术,2003,8:170~171
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[4]谭洪卫.计算流体力学在建筑环境工程中的应用.暖通空调,1999, 29(40):31~36
[5]赵琴,王靖.FLUENT在暖通空调领域中的应用.制冷与空调,2003(1):15~18
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[8] Q. Chen and W. Xu. A zero-equation turbulence model for indoor air flow simulation. Energy and Buildings, 28(2):137~144, 1998.
[9] Q. Chen and J. Srebric. Simplified Diffuser Boundary Conditions for Numerical Room Air tlow Models. ASHRAE, 2000.
[10] H. Xue, J.C. Ho. Modelling of heat and carbon monoxide emitted from moving cars in an Unde and car park. Tunnelling and underground space technology. 2000,15(1):101~115
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[12]魏学孟、张维功、樊洪明.矢流洁净室的模型试验与数值模拟.通风除尘.1994(2): 10~12
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[23]陶文铨.数值传热学[M] .西安交通大学出版社.2002:1~14,16~18,28~47,333~408,507~512
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[25] J.G. Wissink. DNS of separating low Reynolds number flow in a turbine cascade with incoming wakes. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 24(4):626~635,2003
[26] V.Michelassi, J.G. Wissink, W. Rodi, Direct numerical simulation, large eddy simulation and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of periodic unsteady flow in a low-pressure turbine cascade.A comparison. Journal of Power and Energy, 2003,217(4):403~412.
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[29] A.A. Feiz, M. Ould-Rouis, G. Lauriat, Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow in a rotating pipe. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2003,24(3):412~420.
[30] Mary Ivan, Sagaut Pierre. Large eddy simulation of flow around an airfoil near stall. AIAA Journal, 2002,40(6):1139~1145.
[31] D.G.E. Grigoriadis, J.G. Bartzis, A. Goulas, Efficient treatment of comlex gemetries for large eddy simulations of turbulent flows. Computers and Fluids, 2004, 33(2): 201~222.
[32] L. Shen, D.K.P. Yue, Large-eddy simulation of free-surface turbulence. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, n 440: 75~116,2001
[33] R. E. Julian, K. Smolarkiewicz, Eddy resolving simulations of turbulent solar convection. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 2002,39(9): 855~864.
[34] J.C. Li, Large eddy simulation of complex turbulent flows: Physical aspects and research trends. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2001, 17(4): 289~301.
[35] C.J. Chen, S.Y. Jaw. Fundamentals of Turbulence Modeling. Taylor&Francis, Washington, 1998
[36]张兆顺.湍流[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002:1~7,45~63,199~284.
[37]蔡树棠,刘宇陆.湍流理论[M] .上海:上海交通大学出版社,1993:145~152
[38] S.V.Patankar, D.B.Spalding, A calculation processure for heat, mass and momentum transfer in three-dimensianal parabolic flows. Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 1972, 15: 1787~1806,
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[40] Weatherilln N P. A Method for Generation Irregular Computational Grids in Multiply Connected Planar Domains. Int J for Numer Meth Fluids, 1988(8): 181
[41] Anderson W K. A grid generation and flow solution method for the Euler equation on unstructured grids. J Comp Phys.1994, 110(1): 23~28
[42]陈克城.流体力学实验技术[M] .机械工业出版社. 1984.12:75~78
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[2]颜苏芊,黄翔,文力,王宁.蒸发冷却技术在我国各区域适用性分析.制冷空调,VOL25,NO3,2004:25~28
[3]牛爱明,李振江,乔莺.CFD技术在暖通空调领域的应用.山西能源与节能,2006(3):14~15,17
[4]谭洪卫.计算流体力学在建筑环境工程中的应用.暖通空调,1999, 29(40):31~36
[5]赵琴,王靖.FLUENT在暖通空调领域中的应用.制冷与空调,2003(1):15~18
[6] P.V. Nielson. Description of supply openings in numerical models for room air distribution.Ashrae Transactions,1992:963~971
[7] A.J. Baker, P.T. Willianms, R.M. Kelso. Development of a robust finite element CFD procedure for predicting indoor room air motion. Building and environment. 29(30),1994:261~273
[8] Q. Chen and W. Xu. A zero-equation turbulence model for indoor air flow simulation. Energy and Buildings, 28(2):137~144, 1998.
[9] Q. Chen and J. Srebric. Simplified Diffuser Boundary Conditions for Numerical Room Air tlow Models. ASHRAE, 2000.
[10] H. Xue, J.C. Ho. Modelling of heat and carbon monoxide emitted from moving cars in an Unde and car park. Tunnelling and underground space technology. 2000,15(1):101~115
[11]张建忠.侧吸气流数值计算及其温度边界值和起始值的确定.通风除尘.1990(3): 27~31
[12]魏学孟、张维功、樊洪明.矢流洁净室的模型试验与数值模拟.通风除尘.1994(2): 10~12
[13]汪兴华、王汗青.局部排风罩的优化设计三维紊流数值模型通用解.衡阳工学院学报. 1994,8(1): 43~48
[14]吕文瑚、汤广发、文继红.建筑数值风洞的基础研究.湖南大学学报. 1994,21(6): 114~118
[15]茅清希、史建国.用数值计算求解吹吸气流的速度分布.同济大学学报.1995,23(6): 632~637
[16]王洁、许钟麟.洁净隧道层流罩抗污染干扰性能的研究.暖通空调.1995,5: 34~38
[17]许志浩、蔡德源.高大厂房分层供热数值模拟研究.西南交通大学学报.1997,32(3): 288~29
[18]姚润明、陈启高、李百战等.通风降温建筑室内热环境模拟及热舒适研究,暖通空调.1997,27(6): 5~9
[19]周绍荣、程运林、汤莉等.高大空间气流组织的研究.湖南大学学报. 1998,25 (2): 70~74
[20]李先庭、江亿.用计算流体动力学方法求解通风房间的空气年龄.清华大学学报(自然科学版)38(5),1998: 28~31
[21]李先庭、叶瑞芳、李晓锋等.天桥剧场观众厅池座椅背送风方案研究.建筑热能通风空调.1999 (4): 6~10
[22]赵斌、李莹、李先庭等.人民人会堂大礼堂空调气流组织现状的数值模拟分析与改进.建筑热能通风空调.2000(4): 5~8
[23]陶文铨.数值传热学[M] .西安交通大学出版社.2002:1~14,16~18,28~47,333~408,507~512
[24] H.K. Versteeg,W.Malalasekera, An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics:The Finite Volume Method. Wiley, New York, 1995
[25] J.G. Wissink. DNS of separating low Reynolds number flow in a turbine cascade with incoming wakes. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 24(4):626~635,2003
[26] V.Michelassi, J.G. Wissink, W. Rodi, Direct numerical simulation, large eddy simulation and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of periodic unsteady flow in a low-pressure turbine cascade.A comparison. Journal of Power and Energy, 2003,217(4):403~412.
[27] V. Stephane, Local mesh refinement and penalty methods dedicated to the Direct Numerical Simulation of incompressible multiphase flows. Proceedings of the ASME/JSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference:2003,1299~1305,
[28] M.B. Abbott, D.R.Basco, Computational Fluid Dynamics-Antroduction for Engineers. Longman Scientific&Technical, Harlow, England, 1989
[29] A.A. Feiz, M. Ould-Rouis, G. Lauriat, Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow in a rotating pipe. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2003,24(3):412~420.
[30] Mary Ivan, Sagaut Pierre. Large eddy simulation of flow around an airfoil near stall. AIAA Journal, 2002,40(6):1139~1145.
[31] D.G.E. Grigoriadis, J.G. Bartzis, A. Goulas, Efficient treatment of comlex gemetries for large eddy simulations of turbulent flows. Computers and Fluids, 2004, 33(2): 201~222.
[32] L. Shen, D.K.P. Yue, Large-eddy simulation of free-surface turbulence. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, n 440: 75~116,2001
[33] R. E. Julian, K. Smolarkiewicz, Eddy resolving simulations of turbulent solar convection. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 2002,39(9): 855~864.
[34] J.C. Li, Large eddy simulation of complex turbulent flows: Physical aspects and research trends. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2001, 17(4): 289~301.
[35] C.J. Chen, S.Y. Jaw. Fundamentals of Turbulence Modeling. Taylor&Francis, Washington, 1998
[36]张兆顺.湍流[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002:1~7,45~63,199~284.
[37]蔡树棠,刘宇陆.湍流理论[M] .上海:上海交通大学出版社,1993:145~152
[38] S.V.Patankar, D.B.Spalding, A calculation processure for heat, mass and momentum transfer in three-dimensianal parabolic flows. Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 1972, 15: 1787~1806,
[39] Rodi, W. Turbulence models and their application in hydraulics experimental and mathematical fluid dynamics[M]. Delft: IAHR Section on Fundamentals of DivisionⅡ,June 1980:44~46
[40] Weatherilln N P. A Method for Generation Irregular Computational Grids in Multiply Connected Planar Domains. Int J for Numer Meth Fluids, 1988(8): 181
[41] Anderson W K. A grid generation and flow solution method for the Euler equation on unstructured grids. J Comp Phys.1994, 110(1): 23~28
[42]陈克城.流体力学实验技术[M] .机械工业出版社. 1984.12:75~78
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