社会主义新农村法治建设方略初探
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摘要
本文结合农村实际情况,对新农村法治建设方略进行初步探讨,寻求社会主义新农村建设有力的法学理论支持。社会主义新农村法治建设是构建和谐社会、建设社会主义新农村的重要内容,对于实现农村社会的和谐与稳定,推进农村城市化进程,加强改善执政党对农村工作的领导具有重要意义。本文认为,新农村法治建设的指导方略应当是,依法保障农民公民身份与市场主体地位;通过完善与新农村建设相关的法律体系,建设配套的农村执法体系,系统构建新农村建设的法律体系;建设政府推进与农村自治协调并举的农村法治。法治建设同社会主义新农村建设是紧密相联、不可分割的。社会主义新农村建设的进程,本身就是一个农村法治不断完善、发展的过程。本文试从当代中国农村存在的法治问题出发,分析社会主义新农村法治建设对实现农村社会的和谐稳定,推进农村城市化进程,加强改善执政党对农村工作的领导等重要意义,以期对推进社会主义新农村的法治建设进程有所帮助。农村法治建设是社会主义新农村建设的重要内容,是新农村建设取得实效的重要保障。研究探讨新农村建设中如何完善民主选举制度、加强民主决策制度、健全民主管理和民主监督制度、建立权利救济制度、构建农村法治体制,对于解决推进乡村依法治理进程中出现的困难和问题,促进新农村建设和农村法治建设具有重要意义。
Agriculture, countryside and farmers’issues have always been the overall and fundamental issues concerning the development of the Party and the people. China is a large agricultural country with long history. Farmers are not only the direct power of socio-economic development, but also an important force for social inform. In China, the majority population is in the countryside. To achieve the objection of rule of law depends on the countryside and mass rural grassroots cadres and the masses of peasants. Although the rule of law makes progress since the reform and the opening up, it still has wide gap compared with the development pace of cities and economic. It serious impact on the establishment of rural market economy and the building process of democracy. The construction of the“New Socialist Countryside”(NSC) is a mayor strategic and historical mission in China’s modernization process by the Communist Party of China Central Committee in order to implementing the scientific development concept and building a harmonious socialist society. The fifth Plenum of the 16th Communist Party of China Central Committee which was held on 11th October 2005 adopted“the Proposal of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan on National Economy and Social Development”, it clearly put forward the great historical mission of NSC construction under the guidance of the scientific development concept to build well-off society. The rule of law plays a very important role in NSC construction. China's agriculture and the construction of the rule of law in the countryside are backward and have a big gap with the requirements of the rule of law. The process of constructing the NSC should continuously improve and develop rule of law. Specifically, rural law is one of the important parts of socialist law constructions. The construction of the NSC will require a concentration of attention on such issues of law in order to guide, promote, regulate and protect stability and the harmonious development of rural areas. To strengthen the research on the rule of law of the NSC construction and to promote the development of rural law construction is a major and urgent historical task placed on jurisprudence and law to strengthen the research on the legal issues for building the NSC and to vigorously promote the development of the rule of law in countryside.
In the constriction of NSC, because there exists huge gap among literacy status of the rule of law in the countryside, NSC construction and socialist harmonious society, the thoughts of supremacy of law and rights-based did not take root in the hearts of Chinese farmers, it leads the construction of NSC faces many problems such as many farmers awareness the rule of law is poor, meaning that farmers do not have equal access to the rule of law and their interests are less advocated. The rule of law is weak in rural areas, as they lack a main rural legal body. Legislation lags behind in the countryside, the enforcement of rural law is difficult and the credit of legal operation is low. The author makes use of practical theory to analyze the significance of the NSC rule of law construction. The article focus on the concept of NSC and its legal issues, the significance of NSC construction to build a harmonious socialist society, construction of socialist country ruled by law, the process of China's countryside’s urbanization, implementation of the NSC’s important content and a strong system protection, strengthen and improve the Party's rural strategy initiatives. The article promotes that the society can not be a harmonious society without rule of law, the countryside can not be a NSC without rule of law. In order to accomplish to build a harmonious socialist society must accomplish the mission of rule of law construction in the countryside. The fundamental power of NSC’s development lies in farmers. We should build the NSC through establishing farmers’citizenship and their dominant market position, to make farmers enjoy all the rights and opportunities provide by the law the same as other market players, and obtain all the public products, welfare and security provided by government. Construction of ancillary legal support system, insist the principle of both reduce the amount of farmers and well-off them, insist the principle of anti-discrimination and equal protection, insist the principle of national protection and group rights, insist the principle of economic support and social security to effectively protect the interests of farmers. Through improving the legislative institution-building, sound law enforcement agencies in the countryside, improve the quality of law enforcement officers to systematic construction of the new legal system in the countryside. Through improving democratic electoral system, democratic decision-making system, democratic management system, democratic supervision system, the right to relief system, make villages autonomy close connect with people’s congress system, strictly bound the grass-roots power to make sure the administration according to law. Top-down implementation of the rule of law in the countryside, at the same time, face up to the norms of tradition and order forces in the countryside, give the active response for the diverse law pattern in the countryside adhere to the principle of state power and legal unification. It makes the state and countryside society, national law and civil norms communicate with each other under the opening system, to promote rule of law in the countryside jointly with government promotion and rural autonomous coordination. This article points out that mobilize the whole society in rural areas to promote the rule of law, make farmers cultivate awareness of the law, and to accomplish the construction of NSC from government promotion to countryside themselves. To play the law function in countryside and make them as the basic power in safeguard the rule of law in countryside. Therefore, to strengthen the construction of NSC rule of law not only needs strengthen its legislative work, but also needs strengthen the popularization of law education in order to make people comply with law.
All in all, it should strengthen the law function in the countryside in order to ensure put the development of countryside, the construction of countryside and farmers’benefit into a systematic and standardized law environment.
Agriculture, countryside and farmers’issues have always been the overall and fundamental issues concerning the development of the Party and the people. China is a large agricultural country with long history. Farmers are not only the direct power of socio-economic development, but also an important force for social inform. In China, the majority population is in the countryside. To achieve the objection of rule of law depends on the countryside and mass rural grassroots cadres and the masses of peasants. Although the rule of law makes progress since the reform and the opening up, it still has wide gap compared with the development pace of cities and economic. It serious impact on the establishment of rural market economy and the building process of democracy. The construction of the“New Socialist Countryside”(NSC) is a mayor strategic and historical mission in China’s modernization process by the Communist Party of China Central Committee in order to implementing the scientific development concept and building a harmonious socialist society. The fifth Plenum of the 16th Communist Party of China Central Committee which was held on 11th October 2005 adopted“the Proposal of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan on National Economy and Social Development”, it clearly put forward the great historical mission of NSC construction under the guidance of the scientific development concept to build well-off society. The rule of law plays a very important role in NSC construction. China's agriculture and the construction of the rule of law in the countryside are backward and have a big gap with the requirements of the rule of law. The process of constructing the NSC should continuously improve and develop rule of law. Specifically, rural law is one of the important parts of socialist law constructions. The construction of the NSC will require a concentration of attention on such issues of law in order to guide, promote, regulate and protect stability and the harmonious development of rural areas. To strengthen the research on the rule of law of the NSC construction and to promote the development of rural law construction is a major and urgent historical task placed on jurisprudence and law to strengthen the research on the legal issues for building the NSC and to vigorously promote the development of the rule of law in countryside.
In the constriction of NSC, because there exists huge gap among literacy status of the rule of law in the countryside, NSC construction and socialist harmonious society, the thoughts of supremacy of law and rights-based did not take root in the hearts of Chinese farmers, it leads the construction of NSC faces many problems such as many farmers awareness the rule of law is poor, meaning that farmers do not have equal access to the rule of law and their interests are less advocated. The rule of law is weak in rural areas, as they lack a main rural legal body. Legislation lags behind in the countryside, the enforcement of rural law is difficult and the credit of legal operation is low. The author makes use of practical theory to analyze the significance of the NSC rule of law construction. The article focus on the concept of NSC and its legal issues, the significance of NSC construction to build a harmonious socialist society, construction of socialist country ruled by law, the process of China's countryside’s urbanization, implementation of the NSC’s important content and a strong system protection, strengthen and improve the Party's rural strategy initiatives. The article promotes that the society can not be a harmonious society without rule of law, the countryside can not be a NSC without rule of law. In order to accomplish to build a harmonious socialist society must accomplish the mission of rule of law construction in the countryside. The fundamental power of NSC’s development lies in farmers. We should build the NSC through establishing farmers’citizenship and their dominant market position, to make farmers enjoy all the rights and opportunities provide by the law the same as other market players, and obtain all the public products, welfare and security provided by government. Construction of ancillary legal support system, insist the principle of both reduce the amount of farmers and well-off them, insist the principle of anti-discrimination and equal protection, insist the principle of national protection and group rights, insist the principle of economic support and social security to effectively protect the interests of farmers. Through improving the legislative institution-building, sound law enforcement agencies in the countryside, improve the quality of law enforcement officers to systematic construction of the new legal system in the countryside. Through improving democratic electoral system, democratic decision-making system, democratic management system, democratic supervision system, the right to relief system, make villages autonomy close connect with people’s congress system, strictly bound the grass-roots power to make sure the administration according to law. Top-down implementation of the rule of law in the countryside, at the same time, face up to the norms of tradition and order forces in the countryside, give the active response for the diverse law pattern in the countryside adhere to the principle of state power and legal unification. It makes the state and countryside society, national law and civil norms communicate with each other under the opening system, to promote rule of law in the countryside jointly with government promotion and rural autonomous coordination. This article points out that mobilize the whole society in rural areas to promote the rule of law, make farmers cultivate awareness of the law, and to accomplish the construction of NSC from government promotion to countryside themselves. To play the law function in countryside and make them as the basic power in safeguard the rule of law in countryside. Therefore, to strengthen the construction of NSC rule of law not only needs strengthen its legislative work, but also needs strengthen the popularization of law education in order to make people comply with law.
All in all, it should strengthen the law function in the countryside in order to ensure put the development of countryside, the construction of countryside and farmers’benefit into a systematic and standardized law environment.
引文
[1]《毛泽东选集》第1卷,北京:人民出版社1993年第1版,第37页。
[2]《毛泽东选集》第3卷,北京:人民出版社1993年第1版,第305页。
[3]《毛泽东文集》第7卷,北京:人民出版社1993年第1版,第219页。
[4]《邓小平文选》第3卷,北京:人民出版社1993年第1版,第237页。
[5]《邓小平文选》第3卷,北京:人民出版社1993年第1版,第213页。
[6]《江泽民论有中国特色的社会主义》(专题摘编),北京:中央文献出版社2002年版,第119、120页。
[7]中新社:《中国未来应高额补贴农民》,《武汉晨报》2005年版,第10页。
[8]曾业松:《建设社会主义新农村学习问答》,北京:中共中央党校出版社2006年第2版,第9页。
[9]李稼蓬:《中国特色的社会主义市场经济学》,北京:人民出版社2002年版,第213页。
[10]亚夫:《农村市场:下一个消费需求升级富矿》http://en.biz.yahoo.eo2007-06.
[11]陆纯:《农村绝对贫困人口2610万人》,《北京青年报》2005年版,第22页。
[12]陈桂棣、春桃:《中国农民调查》,北京人民文学出版社2002年版,第6页。
[13]刘潇潇:《农村法治:问题与对策》,《经济与社会发展》2006年第4期,第54页。
[14]钱穆:《现代中国学术论论衡》,岳麓书社1986年版,第115页。
[15]张学亮:《乡村法治建设的路径依赖与范式转换》,《理论探索》2006年第5期,第32页。
[16]李响:《关于中国农村法律信仰危机的几点思考》,《广西政法管理干部学院学报》2007年第2期,第64页。
[17]王欣堂:《刍议切实加强社会主义新农村的法治建设》,《中国西部科技》2006年第28期,第2—3页。
[18]谷春德:《论依法治国与法治》,刘海年等主编《依法治国建设社会主义法治国家》,中国法治出版社1996年版,第7页。
[19]丁关良:《农村法治》,北京:中国农业出版社2000年版,第56页。
[20]中国法律年鉴(1989年),法律出版社1990年版,第345页。
[21]王欣堂:《刍议切实加强社会主义新农村的法治建设》,《中国西部科技》2006年版,第32页。
[22]孙西汀:《浅析“三农”问题与法治建设——农村经济与科技》,农业出版社2006年版,第9页。
[23]刘志强:《加强农村民主与法治建设的必要性与成功经验》,《甘肃农业》2006年版,第3页。
[24]韩清恩:《加强民主法治建设保障和谐社会构建》,《山东省工会管理干部学院学报》2006年第5期,第5页。
[25]石宏伟:《我国农村法治建设的现状与对策》,《安徽农业科学》2005年第6期,第3页。
[26]刘晓婷:《关于社会主义新农村法治建设的几点思考》,《贵州民族学院学报》2006年第4期,第5页。
[27]李秀忠:《关于当前农村法治建设的思考》,《山东师大学报》2000年第1期,第5页。
[28]杨彦增:《社会主义新农村法治建设的若干问题探讨》,《成都教育学院学报》2006年第3期,第33页。
[29]李伟:《如何加强农村法治建设》,《法治经纬》2003年第5期,第23页。
[30]伍玉功:《当前中国农村村民法律意识的现代化路径分析》,《湖湘论坛》2007年第6期,第43页。
[31]费孝通:《生活读书新知》北京:三联书店1985年版,第32页。
[32]苏力:《道路通向城市——转型中国的法治》北京:法律出版社2004年版,第75—79页。
[33]李秀忠:《关于当前农村法治建设的思考》,《山东师大学报》2000年第1期,第43页。
[34]杨彦增:《社会主义新农村法治建设的若干问题探讨》,《成都教育学院学报》2006年第7期,第17页。
[35]李伟:《如何加强农村法治建设》,《法治经纬》2003年第5期,第1页。
[36]陈文曲:《影响农村法治建设的若干因素及其对策》,《湖南公安高等专科学校学报》2001年第6期,第56页。
[37]夏循祥:《我国农村法治建设的突出问题及其解决》,《中南大学学报》2003年第4期。
[38]宋培章:《加强农村法治建设必须解决的几个问题》,《政法论丛》2000年第1期,第28页。
[39]梁琼:《论广西社会主义新农村建设的民主法治问题》,《市场论坛》2006年第12期,第23页。
[1]《毛泽东选集》第1卷。
[2]《毛泽东选集》第3卷。
[3]《毛泽东文集》第7卷。
[4]《邓小平文选》第3卷。
[5]《邓小平文选》第3卷。
[6]《江泽民论有中国特色的社会主义》(专题摘编),北京:中央文献出版社2002年版。
[7]曾业松:《建设社会主义新农村学习问答》,北京:中共中央党校出版社2006年第2版。
[8]李稼蓬:《中国特色的社会主义市场经济学》,北京:人民出版社2002年版。
[9]陈桂棣、春桃:《中国农民调查》,北京人民文学出版社2002年版。
[10]钱穆:《现代中国学术论论衡》,岳麓书社1986年版。
[11]谷春德:《论依法治国与法治》,刘海年等主编《依法治国建设社会主义法治国家》,中国法治出版社1996年版。
[12]丁关良:《农村法治》,北京:中国农业出版社2000年版。
[13]中国法律年鉴(1989年),法律出版社1990年版。
[14]孙西汀:《浅析“三农”问题与法治建设》,《农村经济与科技》2006年版。
[15]刘志强《加强农村民主与法治建设的必要性与成功经验》,《甘肃农业》2006年版。
[16]费孝通:《生活读书新知》,北京:三联书店1985年版。
[17]苏力:《道路通向城市—转型中国的法治》,北京:法律出版社2004年版。
[1]中新社:《中国未来应高额补贴农民》,《武汉晨报》2005年版。
[2]亚夫:《农村市场:下一个消费需求升级富矿》http://en.biz.yahoo.eo2007-06.
[3]陆纯:《农村绝对贫困人口2610万人》,《北京青年报》2005年版。
[4]李响:《关于中国农村法律信仰危机的几点思考》,《广西政法管理干部学院学报》2007年第2期。
[5]刘潇潇:《农村法治:问题与对策》,《经济与社会发展》2006年第4期。
[6]张学亮:《乡村法治建设的路径依赖与范式转换》,《理论探索》2006年第5期。
[7]王欣堂:《刍议切实加强社会主义新农村的法治建设》,《中国西部科技》2006年第28期。
[8]韩清恩:《加强民主法治建设保障和谐社会构建》,《山东省工会管理干部学院学报》2006年第3期。
[9]石宏伟:《我国农村法治建设的现状与对策》,《安徽农业科学》2005年第4期。
[10]刘晓婷:《关于社会主义新农村法治建设的几点思考》,《贵州民族学院学报》2006年第4期。
[11]李秀忠:《关于当前农村法治建设的思考》,《山东师大学报》2000年第1期。
[12]杨彦增:《社会主义新农村法治建设的若干问题探讨》,《成都教育学院学报》2006年第3期。
[13]伍玉功:《当前中国农村村民法律意识的现代化路径分析》,《湖湘论坛》2007年第6期。
[14]杨彦增:《社会主义新农村法治建设的若干问题探讨》,《成都教育学院学报》2006年第7期。
[15]陈文曲:《影响农村法治建设的若干因素及其对策》,《湖南公安高等专科学校学报》2001年第6期。
[16]李伟:《如何加强农村法治建设》,《法治经纬》2003年第5期。
[17]夏循祥:《我国农村法治建设的突出问题及其解决》,《中南大学学报》2003年第4期。
[18]宋培章:《加强农村法治建设必须解决的几个问题》,《政法论丛》2000年第1期。
[19]梁琼:《论广西社会主义新农村建设的民主法治问题》,《市场论坛》2006年第12期。
[2]《毛泽东选集》第3卷,北京:人民出版社1993年第1版,第305页。
[3]《毛泽东文集》第7卷,北京:人民出版社1993年第1版,第219页。
[4]《邓小平文选》第3卷,北京:人民出版社1993年第1版,第237页。
[5]《邓小平文选》第3卷,北京:人民出版社1993年第1版,第213页。
[6]《江泽民论有中国特色的社会主义》(专题摘编),北京:中央文献出版社2002年版,第119、120页。
[7]中新社:《中国未来应高额补贴农民》,《武汉晨报》2005年版,第10页。
[8]曾业松:《建设社会主义新农村学习问答》,北京:中共中央党校出版社2006年第2版,第9页。
[9]李稼蓬:《中国特色的社会主义市场经济学》,北京:人民出版社2002年版,第213页。
[10]亚夫:《农村市场:下一个消费需求升级富矿》http://en.biz.yahoo.eo2007-06.
[11]陆纯:《农村绝对贫困人口2610万人》,《北京青年报》2005年版,第22页。
[12]陈桂棣、春桃:《中国农民调查》,北京人民文学出版社2002年版,第6页。
[13]刘潇潇:《农村法治:问题与对策》,《经济与社会发展》2006年第4期,第54页。
[14]钱穆:《现代中国学术论论衡》,岳麓书社1986年版,第115页。
[15]张学亮:《乡村法治建设的路径依赖与范式转换》,《理论探索》2006年第5期,第32页。
[16]李响:《关于中国农村法律信仰危机的几点思考》,《广西政法管理干部学院学报》2007年第2期,第64页。
[17]王欣堂:《刍议切实加强社会主义新农村的法治建设》,《中国西部科技》2006年第28期,第2—3页。
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[29]李伟:《如何加强农村法治建设》,《法治经纬》2003年第5期,第23页。
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[2]《毛泽东选集》第3卷。
[3]《毛泽东文集》第7卷。
[4]《邓小平文选》第3卷。
[5]《邓小平文选》第3卷。
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[8]李稼蓬:《中国特色的社会主义市场经济学》,北京:人民出版社2002年版。
[9]陈桂棣、春桃:《中国农民调查》,北京人民文学出版社2002年版。
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[12]丁关良:《农村法治》,北京:中国农业出版社2000年版。
[13]中国法律年鉴(1989年),法律出版社1990年版。
[14]孙西汀:《浅析“三农”问题与法治建设》,《农村经济与科技》2006年版。
[15]刘志强《加强农村民主与法治建设的必要性与成功经验》,《甘肃农业》2006年版。
[16]费孝通:《生活读书新知》,北京:三联书店1985年版。
[17]苏力:《道路通向城市—转型中国的法治》,北京:法律出版社2004年版。
[1]中新社:《中国未来应高额补贴农民》,《武汉晨报》2005年版。
[2]亚夫:《农村市场:下一个消费需求升级富矿》http://en.biz.yahoo.eo2007-06.
[3]陆纯:《农村绝对贫困人口2610万人》,《北京青年报》2005年版。
[4]李响:《关于中国农村法律信仰危机的几点思考》,《广西政法管理干部学院学报》2007年第2期。
[5]刘潇潇:《农村法治:问题与对策》,《经济与社会发展》2006年第4期。
[6]张学亮:《乡村法治建设的路径依赖与范式转换》,《理论探索》2006年第5期。
[7]王欣堂:《刍议切实加强社会主义新农村的法治建设》,《中国西部科技》2006年第28期。
[8]韩清恩:《加强民主法治建设保障和谐社会构建》,《山东省工会管理干部学院学报》2006年第3期。
[9]石宏伟:《我国农村法治建设的现状与对策》,《安徽农业科学》2005年第4期。
[10]刘晓婷:《关于社会主义新农村法治建设的几点思考》,《贵州民族学院学报》2006年第4期。
[11]李秀忠:《关于当前农村法治建设的思考》,《山东师大学报》2000年第1期。
[12]杨彦增:《社会主义新农村法治建设的若干问题探讨》,《成都教育学院学报》2006年第3期。
[13]伍玉功:《当前中国农村村民法律意识的现代化路径分析》,《湖湘论坛》2007年第6期。
[14]杨彦增:《社会主义新农村法治建设的若干问题探讨》,《成都教育学院学报》2006年第7期。
[15]陈文曲:《影响农村法治建设的若干因素及其对策》,《湖南公安高等专科学校学报》2001年第6期。
[16]李伟:《如何加强农村法治建设》,《法治经纬》2003年第5期。
[17]夏循祥:《我国农村法治建设的突出问题及其解决》,《中南大学学报》2003年第4期。
[18]宋培章:《加强农村法治建设必须解决的几个问题》,《政法论丛》2000年第1期。
[19]梁琼:《论广西社会主义新农村建设的民主法治问题》,《市场论坛》2006年第12期。