基础教育课程改革的政策分析
摘要
目前,关于基础教育课程改革的研究成为了我国教育界的一个热点课题。本文选取“基础教育课程改革的政策分析”作为研究对象,综合采取文献调查法、逻辑归纳法和比较分析法对该课题进行了系统、深入的研究。文章较为全面地总结了近30年来我国基础教育改革取得的成绩,将我国基础教育的现状与美国等发达国家进行了横向对比,对我国基础教育改革的政策现状、教育规程、评价制度、特色发展等多个因素进行了系统的阐述。本文认为当前我国基础教育中主要存在着政策制定不够科学、管理制度决策中缺乏民主、教学规程中忽略素质教育、评价机制过分强调学业成绩、管理难以体现地方特色等问题。本文并针对上述问题提出了解决建议。
At present,with regard to the curriculum reform of basic education has become a hot topic of China's education sector. This paper selected "basic education curriculum reform in policy analysis" as the object of study,a combination of literature survey method,inductive logic,and comparative analysis of the subject of a systematic,in-depth study. A more comprehensive summary of the article for nearly 30 years,the achievements of China's basic education reform and the status of basic education in China and the United States and other countries,horizontal comparison. The article put forward an innovative basic education in China's current problems: policy-making is not enough scientific,management system,the lack of democracy in decision-making,teaching procedures in the ignoring of quality education,the evaluation mechanism of too much emphasis on academic performance,management,and so difficult to reflect local characteristics,and through detailed analysis and elaboration given solution. This study for the deepening of China's reform of basic education has important reference value and practical significance.
China's basic education curriculum has gone through nearly 30 years of reform and development,broadly experienced a recovery and start,the rise and development and the deepening of reform in three stages,involving curriculum research,curriculum management,curriculum implementation and evaluation of all-round,multi-level change.
In order to further improve and develop the curriculum reform,research methods and ideas for the new curriculum reform practice to provide correct guidance theory and practice used to guide curriculum reform. This paper has mainly taken a literature survey method,inductive logic,and comparative analysis to study the study by browsing the existing understanding of the current Basic Education Curriculum Reform in the status quo,the existing studies classified and summarized in detail,in the predecessors on the basis of the study point to find innovative and breakthrough point,and with its own study and research to further sort out the current situation and concluded. Existing research to identify problems and deficiencies,and on this basis,propose appropriate recommendations for improvement.
At present,China has developed a series of basic education policy reform measures , in this context , basic education policies continue to implement "people-oriented" school of thought,insist the government investment as the mainstay,multi-channel funds for education financial investment system; New national curriculum standards from the training objectives , course content and teaching arrangements reflect the new educational philosophy.
Curriculum reform is a difficult system engineering,which involves curriculum theory,curriculum policy,curriculum design,curriculum organization,curriculum implementation and management and many other changes. Through the course objectives,structure,content,preparation and other comprehensive adjustment and reform has been basically formed a line with our educational practice,subject to set a more comprehensive system of basic education curriculum. China's basic education curriculum reform experiment from scratch,gradually curriculum decision-making and the perpetrators are in importance as an integral part of the reform. Through curricular reform.
The content-and knowledge-based to a student-oriented development to improve teaching,initiative and creativity to improve curriculum diversity and differences,from the government monopoly and management to accept the social monitoring and evaluation and macro-control.
At this stage of basic education curriculum reform policies on the curriculum objectives,curriculum,evaluation criteria,teacher-student relationship,etc. have all made an adjustment accordingly. Not only highlights the curriculum reform to give students the right to choose their own to inspire students to learn and so enthusiastic round development of students of the new educational concepts,but also showed school education from the ivory tower and into the community , from "one-man" to student-teacher interaction,by the "supreme achievement "Evaluation of a single comprehensive educational orientation toward diversity. The educational value of its set-oriented approach to educational practices presented in the right direction of great practical significance.
The curriculum reform in China involved in curriculum structure,curriculum management,teaching materials,teaching,evaluation and other aspects,both the breadth and depth of reform,the reform of the previous record,but inevitably there are still some problems below. For example,the policy-making is not enough scientific,management system,the lack of democracy in decision-making,teaching procedures in the ignoring of quality education,the evaluation mechanism of too much emphasis on academic performance,management,difficult to reflect local characteristics.
Curriculum Policy for the existing range of issues that exist,they should be in-depth study and take positive and effective measures to solve the problem. You can take the following programs:
(1)deepening the study of existing curriculum policy. The promotion of the new curriculum reform process,should be strengthened in schools and regional effects of experimental research,and actively expand mutual understanding and communicating. Curriculum standards in the current "heavy city,light rural" status,in the formulation of educational goals and allocation of education resources should be given special attention. In the new curriculum reform policy-making is widely listened to the views of grassroots teachers and students to sum up experience in curriculum reform proposed by students and teachers,improve curriculum programs;
(2)re-perfect the management system. National,local and school curricula should be the formation of hierarchical management , management , coordination and cooperation,from top to bottom to add,improve the democratic management system in an orderly manner. Ministry of National Education major organizations to develop or amend the approval of China's basic education curriculum at all stages of program policies. Provincial education departments in accordance with the requirements of national curriculum development of the province (autonomous regions and municipalities) in various stages of education,lesson plans,schools,according to the Ministry of Education and the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of the relevant provisions of the lesson plan,from the local community,schools,the reality of to participate in the specific implementation of the community school curriculum programming.
(3)to develop a comprehensive quality education in the teaching procedures. Actively carry out quality education testing policies,and strengthen the building of teachers and the contingent of cadres,focus on all students a comprehensive,sustainable development , making it necessary to adapt to the 21st century , a variety of specifications,types,various levels of personnel; implementation of quality education,not only must both attach importance to the curriculum,but also attach importance to non-academic courses,both of equal importance should not be neglected; quality education in the teaching concept emphasizes student-teacher relations,harmony,equality and mutual respect,and emphasized that the dominant position of students,teachers and students of the participate.
(4)reform of the school evaluation mechanisms. The new curriculum demands for reform , curriculum evaluation is not only concerned about the academic performance of students,but also as a discovery and development of a wide range of potential students. And to develop a teacher evaluation system,we must advance with the times,reflect the new curriculum reform advocated by the new ideas,the smooth progress of the new curriculum reform in order to effectively promote the development of teachers to students.
In this paper,China's current reform of basic education policy related research on the status of basic education reform policy,education,procedures,evaluation system,features a number of factors such as the development of a systematic elaboration. Pointed out that China's current problems in basic education and to explore an effective solution. Articles from the government administration and school administrators point of view,the existing school curriculum policies,management systems,teaching procedures,evaluation mechanisms,characteristics and development orientation of proposed reforms to further improve and develop the curriculum reform,research methods and ideas for the new curriculum reform to provide correct guidance of the theory in practice,and help guide the practice of curriculum reform has important theoretical value and far-reaching practical significance.
At present,with regard to the curriculum reform of basic education has become a hot topic of China's education sector. This paper selected "basic education curriculum reform in policy analysis" as the object of study,a combination of literature survey method,inductive logic,and comparative analysis of the subject of a systematic,in-depth study. A more comprehensive summary of the article for nearly 30 years,the achievements of China's basic education reform and the status of basic education in China and the United States and other countries,horizontal comparison. The article put forward an innovative basic education in China's current problems: policy-making is not enough scientific,management system,the lack of democracy in decision-making,teaching procedures in the ignoring of quality education,the evaluation mechanism of too much emphasis on academic performance,management,and so difficult to reflect local characteristics,and through detailed analysis and elaboration given solution. This study for the deepening of China's reform of basic education has important reference value and practical significance.
China's basic education curriculum has gone through nearly 30 years of reform and development,broadly experienced a recovery and start,the rise and development and the deepening of reform in three stages,involving curriculum research,curriculum management,curriculum implementation and evaluation of all-round,multi-level change.
In order to further improve and develop the curriculum reform,research methods and ideas for the new curriculum reform practice to provide correct guidance theory and practice used to guide curriculum reform. This paper has mainly taken a literature survey method,inductive logic,and comparative analysis to study the study by browsing the existing understanding of the current Basic Education Curriculum Reform in the status quo,the existing studies classified and summarized in detail,in the predecessors on the basis of the study point to find innovative and breakthrough point,and with its own study and research to further sort out the current situation and concluded. Existing research to identify problems and deficiencies,and on this basis,propose appropriate recommendations for improvement.
At present,China has developed a series of basic education policy reform measures , in this context , basic education policies continue to implement "people-oriented" school of thought,insist the government investment as the mainstay,multi-channel funds for education financial investment system; New national curriculum standards from the training objectives , course content and teaching arrangements reflect the new educational philosophy.
Curriculum reform is a difficult system engineering,which involves curriculum theory,curriculum policy,curriculum design,curriculum organization,curriculum implementation and management and many other changes. Through the course objectives,structure,content,preparation and other comprehensive adjustment and reform has been basically formed a line with our educational practice,subject to set a more comprehensive system of basic education curriculum. China's basic education curriculum reform experiment from scratch,gradually curriculum decision-making and the perpetrators are in importance as an integral part of the reform. Through curricular reform.
The content-and knowledge-based to a student-oriented development to improve teaching,initiative and creativity to improve curriculum diversity and differences,from the government monopoly and management to accept the social monitoring and evaluation and macro-control.
At this stage of basic education curriculum reform policies on the curriculum objectives,curriculum,evaluation criteria,teacher-student relationship,etc. have all made an adjustment accordingly. Not only highlights the curriculum reform to give students the right to choose their own to inspire students to learn and so enthusiastic round development of students of the new educational concepts,but also showed school education from the ivory tower and into the community , from "one-man" to student-teacher interaction,by the "supreme achievement "Evaluation of a single comprehensive educational orientation toward diversity. The educational value of its set-oriented approach to educational practices presented in the right direction of great practical significance.
The curriculum reform in China involved in curriculum structure,curriculum management,teaching materials,teaching,evaluation and other aspects,both the breadth and depth of reform,the reform of the previous record,but inevitably there are still some problems below. For example,the policy-making is not enough scientific,management system,the lack of democracy in decision-making,teaching procedures in the ignoring of quality education,the evaluation mechanism of too much emphasis on academic performance,management,difficult to reflect local characteristics.
Curriculum Policy for the existing range of issues that exist,they should be in-depth study and take positive and effective measures to solve the problem. You can take the following programs:
(1)deepening the study of existing curriculum policy. The promotion of the new curriculum reform process,should be strengthened in schools and regional effects of experimental research,and actively expand mutual understanding and communicating. Curriculum standards in the current "heavy city,light rural" status,in the formulation of educational goals and allocation of education resources should be given special attention. In the new curriculum reform policy-making is widely listened to the views of grassroots teachers and students to sum up experience in curriculum reform proposed by students and teachers,improve curriculum programs;
(2)re-perfect the management system. National,local and school curricula should be the formation of hierarchical management , management , coordination and cooperation,from top to bottom to add,improve the democratic management system in an orderly manner. Ministry of National Education major organizations to develop or amend the approval of China's basic education curriculum at all stages of program policies. Provincial education departments in accordance with the requirements of national curriculum development of the province (autonomous regions and municipalities) in various stages of education,lesson plans,schools,according to the Ministry of Education and the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of the relevant provisions of the lesson plan,from the local community,schools,the reality of to participate in the specific implementation of the community school curriculum programming.
(3)to develop a comprehensive quality education in the teaching procedures. Actively carry out quality education testing policies,and strengthen the building of teachers and the contingent of cadres,focus on all students a comprehensive,sustainable development , making it necessary to adapt to the 21st century , a variety of specifications,types,various levels of personnel; implementation of quality education,not only must both attach importance to the curriculum,but also attach importance to non-academic courses,both of equal importance should not be neglected; quality education in the teaching concept emphasizes student-teacher relations,harmony,equality and mutual respect,and emphasized that the dominant position of students,teachers and students of the participate.
(4)reform of the school evaluation mechanisms. The new curriculum demands for reform , curriculum evaluation is not only concerned about the academic performance of students,but also as a discovery and development of a wide range of potential students. And to develop a teacher evaluation system,we must advance with the times,reflect the new curriculum reform advocated by the new ideas,the smooth progress of the new curriculum reform in order to effectively promote the development of teachers to students.
In this paper,China's current reform of basic education policy related research on the status of basic education reform policy,education,procedures,evaluation system,features a number of factors such as the development of a systematic elaboration. Pointed out that China's current problems in basic education and to explore an effective solution. Articles from the government administration and school administrators point of view,the existing school curriculum policies,management systems,teaching procedures,evaluation mechanisms,characteristics and development orientation of proposed reforms to further improve and develop the curriculum reform,research methods and ideas for the new curriculum reform to provide correct guidance of the theory in practice,and help guide the practice of curriculum reform has important theoretical value and far-reaching practical significance.
引文
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[9]邹联克,浅议基础教育本质属性与基础教育改革发展政策[J],贵州教育(半月刊),2005年21期,4-7.
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[11]孙艳雷,高等教育政策评价模式研究[D],华东师范大学硕士论文,2008.
[12]李芳,拷问新一轮基础教育课程改革——浅析《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》决策中的问题[J],当代教育科学,2007年22期,20-23.
[13]杨爱玲,基础教育课程改革存在缺憾的原因反思[J],教育学报,2001年01期,24-30.
[14]程君红,基础教育课程改革的问题与思考[J],科技咨询导报,2007年02期,234-235.
[15]申超,中美基础教育课程改革的政策比较[J],教育学报,2008年04期,34-38.
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